scholarly journals Marginalisation et intégration dans la cité: éléments pour une lecture dynamique de la pensée politique de la République

ΠΗΓΗ/FONS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Étienne Helmer
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Distinct Population ◽  
Economic Dynamic ◽  
Book Viii ◽  
Variable Selon ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

Résumé: On estime souvent que le coeur de la réflexion politique de Platon dans la République porte sur les conditions de possibilité de la cité juste. Une telle lecture se concentre alors sur l’institution des philosophes-rois, et sur l’organisation tripartite ou trifonctionnelle de la cité, avec à la clé un débat sur le caractère utopique ou non de cette construction politique. Sans être fausse, cette lecture est toutefois extrêmement partielle et réductrice en ce qu’elle occulte le point essentiel de la pensée politique de Platon dans ce dialogue: celle-ci ne se limite pas à l’analyse des conditions de possibilité de la cité juste, mais concerne plus généralement l’ensemble des processus d’intégration et de marginalisation de différentes catégories de population et de différentes fonctions requises pour édifier la cité. Trois arguments vont dans ce sens, que mon article présentera de façon détaillée. Premièrement, les difficultés d’élaboration du régime juste en raison des rapports tendus entre l’économie et la politique (livre II), ainsi que la dégradation des régimes sous l’effet du conflit entre ces deux sphères (livre VIII) invitent à voir dans la République une réflexion sur la politique comme dynamique socio-économique, plutôt qu’une description de la structure politique et économique statique sur laquelle se fonde la cité juste. Deuxièmement, les trois caté-gories fonctionnelles requises pour édifier la cité juste sont moins présentées comme des éléments prêts à y être intégrés et à y exercer leur tâche propre que comme des éléments dont le statut reste problématique et qui sont sujets à de nombreuses trans-formations affectant l’équilibre de l’ensemble de la cité. Cela se vérifie notamment à propos des philosophes, tant en ce qui concerne leur existence et leur éducation que leur préservation. Troisièmement, Platon ne se contente pas dans ce dialogue de dé-crire les trois catégories fonctionnelles qui composent la Kallipolis. Il y évoque aussi des catégories en apparence secondaires - les enfants sans talent, les mendiants, les in-curables - dont il signale le degré d’intégration ou de marginalisation variable selon la forme du régime et les forces qui l’animent.Mots-clés: Cité, exclusion, intégration, marginalisation, Platon, République Abstract: It is often assumed that the heart of Plato’s political thought in the Republic addresses the conditions of possibility of the just city. Such a reading then concentrates mostly on the institution of the philosopher-kings, and the tripartite organization of the city. Without being wrong, this reading is however extremely partial and reductive as it obscures the main focus of Plato’s political thought in this dialogue. Far from analyzing only the conditions of possibility of the just city, Plato’s main concern deals with the processes of marginalization and integration of distinct population groups and functions in the city. Three arguments go in this direction. First, both the antagonistic relationships between economy and politics at the first stages of the city (Book II), and the progressive degradation of the regimes as a result of the conflict be-tween these two spheres (Book VIII), invite us to read the Republic as a reflection on politics considered as a socio-economic dynamic, rather than a mere description of the static political and economic structure of the just city. Second, the three functional categories required to build this city are less presented as elements ready to be put at work, than as problematic elements, which are subject to many changes. This is especially true about the philosophers, with respect to their existence, education and preservation. Third, Plato also evokes secondary categories, in the just city and the ordinary cities as well - for instance, the children without talent, the beggars, the incurables - and he wonders about how and how far they can or must be integrated in-to or marginalized from the cities.Keywords: City, exclusion, integration marginalization, Plato, Republic

Hygienic assessment of learning environment conditions (by the example of higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Elena Ju. Gorbatkova
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City

Introduction. The important factors affecting health and performance of young people are the conditions of education, in particular, a comfortable microclimate in the classrooms of higher educational institutions. Materials and methods. In view of the urgency of this problem, an analysis was made of the microclimate parameters of educational organizations of different profiles (Ufa city, the Republic of Bashkortostan). 294 classrooms were studied in 22 buildings of 4 leading universities in Ufa. A total of 3,822 measurements were taken to determine the parameters of the microclimate. The analysis of ionizing radiation in the aerial environment of classrooms. There was performed determination of radon and its affiliated products content. In order to assess the conditions and lifestyle of students of 4 higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa, we conducted an anonymous survey of 1,820 students of I and IV years of education. Results. The average temperature in the classrooms of all universities studied was 23.9±0.09 C. The average relative humidity in all classrooms was 34.2 ± 0.42%. Analysis of ionizing radiation (radon and its daughter products decay) in the aerial environment of the classrooms and sports halls located in the basement determined that the average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the radon daughter products (EROA ± Δ222Rn) ranged from 28 ± 14 to 69 ± 34.5 meter, which meets the requirements established by SanPiN. Conclusion. The hygienic assessment of the microclimate parameters of educational institutions of various profile revealed a number of deviations from the regulated norms. The results indicate the need to control the parameters of the microclimate, both from the administration of universities, and from the professors. According to the results of the study, recommendations were prepared for the management of higher educational institutions in Ufa.

Indicators of permanent teeth eruption in children of Tashkent city and comparative assessment with the data of peers of different Russian cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
R. T. Kamilova ◽  
J. A. Kamilov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

Relevance. Characteristics of eruption of secondary teeth is of diagnostic and prognostic interest, is the basis for implementation of targeted therapeutic and preventive measures among children. No research has ever been carried out in Uzbekistan to study an age and gender regional features of secondary teeth eruption. The aim is to determine the timing and symmetry of secondary teeth eruption in children of the city of Tashkent of the Republic of Uzbekistan and comparative assessment with the children of different cities of Russia.Materials and methods. 3,834 children between 3 and 17 years were conducted dental examination. A comparative analysis was made of the initial, intermediate and final periods of eruption of secondary teeth for children of Uzbekistan (Tashkent city) and Russia (Saratov, Izhevsk and Sergach).Results. In Tashkent children of both gender, in most cases, lower teeth were erupted before than their antagonists. In girls, teeth were erupted earlier than their male counterparts. At the initial stage of eruption, asymmetry was more pronounced in boys than in girls, while in the middle and final stages it was more pronounced in the opposite direction. Observed asymmetry of antimere’s teeth were indicated left-handed permanent dentition in boys and right-handed in girls. Children of Tashkent city were observed permanent dentition in one group of teeth 1-16 months earlier, and in others – 1-24 months later than their peers in Russian cities. Revealed differences were more pronounced among boys than among girls. Children in Tashkent differed more from their peers in Sergach and less from those in Izhevsk. Conclusions. Regional peculiarities of permanent dentition in children of Tashkent city and revealed expressed differences with indicators of Russian children are the basis for development of separate age and  gender normative assessment permanent dentition tables for children of Uzbekistan. 

Reilly and the Republic in 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Christopher James Wolfe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
American Founding ◽  
The Republic ◽  
American Catholic ◽  
Sensus Communis ◽  
Catholic Perspective

Robert Reilly’s America on Trial presents a lengthy defense of the principles of the American Founding against recent critiques, especially focusing on those written from a Catholic perspective. His book finds a place in a larger discussion of American Catholic political thought that has been going on for more than a century. I first situate Reilly’s book within that debate, and then argue that Reilly’s account is correct on most counts. Some loose ends remain, but they can be dealt with by expanding some of the points that Reilly has already made. I think, though, that other points not even raised by Reilly’s critics will require further reflection by future American Catholic political thinkers. In 2020, the sensus communis in America has ceased to be “cool and deliberate,” a desideratum for the regime mentioned in Federalist 63; we need to figure out ways to make it cool again.

Municipal Government in 1917: against the Provisional Government and the Bolsheviks (Based on Materials of Yaroslavl and Kostroma Governorates)

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-174
Author(s):  
Yuliya Krasovskaya ◽  
Dmitriy Khristenko
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Government ◽  
The Political ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
City Councils ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
The City ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The article discusses activities of municipal government in the inter-revolutionary period andtheir relationship with the Provisional Government and the Bolshevik’s Soviets on the example of Yaroslavl and Kostroma Gover-norates. As a result of democratic elections in the city councils, the majority in-cluded representatives of moderate socialist parties such as the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries. Based on the analysis of archival sources, the au-thors investigate the ways and methods of the urban socialist self-government’s activities in the context of a comprehensive crisis. In both governorates, munici-palities were unable to solve any of the pressing problems vital to the population like food shortages, public order, and the functioning of the urban economy. Their main concern was the political struggle and confrontation between repre-sentatives of various factions on issues far from the area of their direct respon-sibility. By their activity, and in other cases by inaction, they firstly acted actu-ally against the Provisional Government, and then against the Soviets. The inability to justify hopes in resolving key problems caused the loss of credibility in the eyes of the citizens and the Soviet government. As a result, the city coun-cils became unnecessary to both of them.

Turkish Basis in Toponimization System

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (121) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Zh Konyratbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Cultural Symbol ◽  
Diachronic Study ◽  
Internal Objects ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

Recently, three major processes are taking place in the urban space of the capital: 1) the process of national transonymization, ie the implementation of the names of newly established, renamed objects on the memorial principle (including national memoranda); 2) historical and cultural process; that is, the reproduction of object names in the nature of a national cultural symbol; 3) the process of national toponymization, ie the acquisition of common nouns. The main purpose of the article is to reveal and identify the Turkic basis of the layer of onymsformed as a result of this process of toponymization – one of the most productive internal resourcedevelopment in the urban space of the capital. That is, by conducting an etymological analysis ofthe system of urbanonymy, to show that the main source of optimized units belongs to the group ofTurkic languages.In the process of toponymization in the space of urbanism of the capital, the share of internalresource development is predominant, ie most of the layer of onyms on its onomastic map wasformed as a result of the Turkic basis. As a result, the urban design of the capital of Kazakhstan hasbecome the only historical and cultural center that meets the principles of language policy andnaming / renaming of the Republic of Kazakhstan. And we understand that the definition of thelayer of onyms in the laws of naming the internal objects of the city will be revealed in more depthby conducting a diachronic study of them.

RESULTS RESEARCH OF LOWER BACK PAIN USING THE ORIGINAL LOW BACK PAIN CHARACTERIZATION QUESTIONNAIRE

2021 ◽  
Vol Special issue (3) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Dilrabo Jalilovna Khalimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Lower Back Pain ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

In the polyclinics of the city of Bukhara and the Bukhara region, in the polyclinics of the city of Navoi and the Navoi region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the period for 2019, they were selectively interviewed using a questionnaire developed in the Bukhara Medical Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan to determine the characteristics of LBP (for a patient). According to a survey on this questionnaire, specific characteristics of LBP were identified in patients living in urban and rural conditions

Ostia in the Light of Recent Discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Calza
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

Twenty years have gone by since I was first appointed Director of Excavations at Ostia, and I feel that I have devoted the better part of my activity as an archaeologist to the great task of bringing the dead city back to life.All that was known about Ostia when scientific investigation was first started there was the legendary tale of its foundation at the mouth of the Tiber by Ancus Marcius, fourth King of Rome ; its probable expansion under the republic, although the growth of Pozzuoli and the clogging up of the river’s bed would support the theory of a period of decline for Ostia at that time ; and its tremendous development under the Empire, especially in the second century. Of this there was proof in the vestiges of imperial constructions rising above ground and in the historically ascertained fact that Ostia was Rome’s trading centre and outlet on the sea. Little or nothing was known of the later period of the city, nor of its decline and final disappearance.

scholarly journals Mapping Cases of Violence Against Women and Children in Pekanbaru City

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Susi Erlinda ◽  
Sayyid Husein ◽  
Ambiyar . ◽  
Triyani Arita Fitri ◽  
Mardainis .
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Protection of women and children is a mandate contained in the laws of the Republic of Indonesia to the government to protect women and children from acts of violence or discrimination. The mandate is carried out by the government through several efforts to handle and prevent it through government programs that are made every year. However, until now the municipal government of Pekanbaru through the women's empowerment and child protection office does not yet have data on mapping the protection of women and children disaggregated by sex, age, type of case, and location of cases so that many child protection programs are not properly targeted according to the level of violence and types of violence in areas exposed to cases of violence. The application of the mapping application is a solution to this problem because, with computerized data on the protection of women and children, the government will make it easier to design management and prevention programs. This application displays complete indicators including data on violence mapped in the geographic form of the city of Pekanbaru which is divided into the scope of the sub-district and given a color as an indicator of high or low cases of violence in the area, violence data is displayed disaggregated according to gender, age, types of cases and locations of incidents and in addition, this application applies a case-control design to provide recommendations to the government regarding handling and prevention programs in areas exposed to cases of violence against women and children. This application will make it easier for the government to design programs to protect women and children and to reduce the number of violence against women and children which always increases every year.

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