scholarly journals La reinterpretación del Forum Societatis: nota a la Sentencia del TJUE de 7 de marzo de 2018, C-560/16, e.On = Forum Societatis revisited: commentary to the ECJ Judgment of 7 march 2018, c-560/16, e.On

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Ángel María Ballesteros Barros
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
Exclusive Jurisdiction ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Council Regulation ◽  
A Company

Resumen: La sentencia del TJUE de 7 de marzo de 2018, C-560/16, E.ON, resuelve una cuestión relativa al alcance del foro de competencia exclusiva previsto en el art. 22.2 del Reglamento 44/2001, interpretando que una demanda que tiene por objeto el control judicial del carácter razonable de la con­traprestación que el accionista mayoritario de una sociedad debe abonar a sus accionistas minoritarios en caso de transmisión obligatoria de sus acciones es competencia exclusiva de los tribunales del Estado miembro en cuyo territorio está domiciliada dicha sociedad. El presente artículo discrepa del razona­miento utilizado por el TJUE y propone una solución diferente al conflicto de calificación de la acción objeto del litigio principal.Palabras clave: Artículo 22 (2) Reglamento (CE) nº 44/2001, competencia exclusiva, litigios re­lativos a la validez de las decisiones de los órganos de las sociedades, alcance.Abstract: ECJ Judgment of 7 March 2018, C-560/16, E.ON, clarify the scope of application of Ar­ticle 22(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001. The Court held that Article 22.2 must be interpreted as meaning that an action, such as that at issue in the main proceedings, for review of the reasonableness of the consideration that the principal shareholder of a company is required to pay to the minority sha­reholders of that company in the event of the compulsory transfer of their shares to that principal share­holder comes within the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the Member State in which that company is established. The author of this article disagrees with the reasoning used by the ECJ and proposes a different solution to the characterization of the action in the main proceedings.Keywords: Article 22(2) of Regulation (EC) No 44/2001, exclusive jurisdiction, disputes relating to the validity of decisions of the company’s organs, scope.

scholarly journals Responsabilidad parental y la aplicación del forum non conveniens de carácter reglado del artículo 15 del reglamento (CE) Nº 2201/2003 : la STJUE de 27 de octubre de = Parental responsibility and the application of regulated forum non conveniens of article 15 of Council Regulation (EC) Nº 2001/2003 : the ECJ judgement of 27th October 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Bárbara Sánchez López
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
Parental Responsibility ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
International Jurisdiction ◽  
Forum Non Conveniens ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Council Regulation

Resumen: Esta sentencia del TJUE aborda el ámbito y las condiciones que impone el artículo 15 del Reglamento (CE) 2201/2003, del Consejo, de 27 de noviembre de 2003, relativo a la competencia, el reconocimiento y la ejecución de resoluciones judiciales en materia matrimonial y de responsabilidad parental, para que el tribunal competente se abstenga de conocer del asunto por apreciar que los tribunales de otro Estado miembro con el que el menor presenta una vinculación especial está mejor situado para resolverlo en atención a su superior interés. La sentencia examina las circunstancias de este peculiar forum non conveniens de carácter reglado que es característico de este reglamento comunitario.Palabras clave: competencia judicial internacional; responsabilidad parental; forum non conveniens; remisión del asunto al tribunal mejor situado; interés del menor. Abstract: This ECJ judgment addresses the scope of application and the conditions that art. 15 of Council Regulation (EC) nº 2201/2003 (…) impose in order to a court having jurisdiction may transfer the case to a court of another Member State which the child has a particular connection with and it would be a court better placed to hear the case taking into account the best interest of the child. The Judgment examines the circumstances of this particular and regulated forum non conveniens that is characteristic of this Council Regulation. Keywords: international jurisdiction; parental responsibility; forum non conveniens; transfer to a court better placed to hear the case; best interest of the child.

Centros Ltd—A Complete U-Turn in the Right of Establishment for Companies?

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Looijestijn-Clearie
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Member State ◽  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Registered Office ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Company

InCentros Ltd and Erhvers-og Selskabsstyrelesen (hereinafter Centros),1 the European Court of Justice ruled that it is contrary to Article 52 (now Article 432) and Article 58 (now Article 48) of the EC Treaty for the authorities of a member State (in casu Denmark) to refuse to register a branch of a company formed under the law of another member State (in casu the United Kingdom) in which it has its registered office, even if the company concerned has never conducted any business in the latter State and intends to carry out its entire business in the State in which the branch is to be set up. By avoiding the need to form a company there it would thus evade the application of the rules governing the provision for and the paying-up of a minimum share capital in force in that State. According to the Court, this does not, however, prevent the authorities of the member State in which the branch is to be set up from adopting appropriate measures for preventing or penalising fraud, either with regard to the company itself, if need be in co-operation with the member State in which it was formed, or with regard to its members, where it has been determined that they are in fact attempting, by means of the formation of a company, to evade their obligations towards creditors established in the territory of the member State of the branch.

CHARACTERIZATION OF IMAGE SPACE OF A WAVELET TRANSFORM

2006 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 547-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAIXIA DENG ◽  
YULING QU ◽  
LIJUAN GU
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Truncation Error ◽  
Reproducing Kernel ◽  
Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space ◽  
Sampling Theorem ◽  
Image Space ◽  
Kernel Space ◽  
Reproducing Kernel Space ◽  
Scope Of Application

In this paper, Journe wavelet function is introduced as a wavelet generating function. The expression of reproducing kernel function for the image space of this wavelet transform is obtained based on the fact that the image space of the wavelet transform is a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Then the isometric identity of Journe wavelet transform is obtained. The connections between the image space of the wavelet transform and the image space of the known reproducing kernel space are established by the theories of reproducing kernel. The properties and the structures of the image space of the wavelet transform can be characterized by the properties and the structures of the image space of the known reproducing kernel space. Using the ideas of reproducing kernel, we consider there are relations between the wavelet transform and the sampling theorem. Meanwhile, the approximations in sampling theorems is shown and the truncation error is given. This provides a theoretical basis for us to study the image space of the general wavelet transform and broadens the scope of application of theories of the reproducing kernel space.

scholarly journals Relationship between national, international and European law within the constitutional review in Romania

2016 ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
TUDOREL TOADER ◽  
MARIETA SAFTA
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
European Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
Exclusive Jurisdiction ◽  
Constitutional Identity

The Constitutional Court has ruled that, by adhering to the legal order of the European Union, Romania agreed that, in those areas where exclusive jurisdiction is conferred on the European Union, regardless of the international treaties priorly signed, implementation of its obligations arising therefrom is subject to the rules of the European Union. Otherwise, this would result in the undesirable situation where, through bi or multilateral internationally assumed obligations, Member State would seriously affect the Union’s competence and, in practice, would act in its place in the aforementioned areas. For this reason, in the field of competition, any State aid falls within the competence of the European Commission and appeal proceedings fall within the jurisdiction of the European Union. Therefore, pursuant to Article 11 para. (1) and Article 148 para. (2) and (4) of the Constitution, Romania applies in good faith the obligations resulting from the Accession Instrument, without interfering with the exclusive competence of the European Union and, by virtue of the compliance clause contained in the text of Article 148 of the Constitution, Romania cannot adopt a legislative act contrary to the obligations assumed as a Member State. All those already highlighted are subject to certain limitations, expressed in what the Court described as “national constitutional identity”.

6. Free movement of persons

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-153
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Homewood
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Free Movement Of Persons ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

This chapter discusses the law on the free movement of persons in the EU. Free movement of persons is one of the four ‘freedoms’ of the internal market. Original EC Treaty provisions granted free movement rights to the economically active—workers, persons exercising the right of establishment, and persons providing services in another Member State. The Treaty also set out the general principle of non-discrimination on grounds of nationality, ‘within the scope of application of the Treaty’. All these provisions are now contained in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Early secondary legislation granted rights to family members, students, retired persons, and persons of independent means. The Citizenship Directive 2004/38 consolidated this legislation.

Characterization of Cutting Parameters in the Minimum Quantity Lubricant (MQL) Machining Process of a Gearbox

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Travieso-Rodriguez ◽  
G. Gomez-Gras ◽  
Silvia Garcia-Vilana ◽  
Ferran Mainau-Noguer ◽  
R. Jerez-Mesa
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Machined Parts ◽  
Minimum Quantity Lubricant ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Company ◽  
Production Industry ◽  
Different Parts

This paper aims to find the key process parameters for machining different parts of an automobile gearbox, commissioned by a company that needs to replace with the MQL lubrication system their current machining process based on cutting fluids. It particularly focuses on the definition of appropriate cutting parameters for machining under the MQL condition through a statistical method of Design of Experiments (DOE). Using a combination of recommended parameters, significant improvements in the surface roughness of different machined parts are shown. Production costs are also reduced by decreasing expenses on lubricants and by optimizing the cycle time reached under the new cutting conditions, what would help the implementing company to increase its profits and adapt to a modern sustainability-demanding production industry.

Analysis of Genotoxicity and Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Aniline Industrial Wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Wen Yu Zhao ◽  
Li Wei Xu ◽  
Qi Mu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Resin Adsorption ◽  
Hydrophobic Acids ◽  
A Company

Effluent of aniline wastewater treatment from a company was isolated and fractionated by resin adsorption method into six different fractions. These fractions are operationally categorized as hydrophobic acids (HOA), hydrophobic bases (HOB), hydrophobic neutrals (HON), hydrophilic acids (HIA), hydrophilic bases (HIB) and hydrophilic neutrals (HIN). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet-visible (UV) and genotoxicity of each fractions were determined. The results showed that hydrophobic matter is the main fractions of DOC and makes the main contributions to the genotoxicity of effluent of aniline wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals The European Foundation Statute Proposal: Striking the Balance between Supervising and Supporting European Philanthropy?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-43
Author(s):  
Oonagh B. Breen
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
European Foundation ◽  
Council Regulation ◽  
Draft Regulation

AbstractThis article examines the Commission’s Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Statute for a European Foundation (Fundatio Europaea). Focusing on the proposed transparency and accountability provisions, it interrogates whether these provisions are sufficiently robust to facilitate effective Member State supervision of this proposed new supranational legal form, given identified weaknesses in existing Member State foundation regulatory regimes. Consideration is also given to the Statute’s proposed reporting and auditing mechanisms. Particular attention is paid to the challenges inherent in standardising financial reporting standards and the missed opportunities to introduce best practice in the draft Regulation. The article concludes by identifying a number of interpretative loopholes in the existing proposal, which if adopted in its current format, would weaken the potential for an effective, efficient and feasible solution to the problems currently experienced by many foundations operating on a cross-border basis in Europe.

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