scholarly journals The impact of particulate filter substrate type on the gaseous exhaust components emission

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Barbara Sokolnicka-Popis ◽  
Natalia Szymlet ◽  
Maciej Siedlecki ◽  
Dawid Gallas
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Metal Substrate ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Direct Fuel Injection ◽  
The Impact

The article presents ceramic and metal substrate filtration efficiency in the particulate filter of a spark-ignition engine with direct fuel injection. Gaseous exhaust components were taken into account. There are many publications on the solid particles mass and number reduction, so the authors examined the effect of catalytic carriers on gaseous compounds, such as CO, NOx, THC, whose content also poses a threat to human health and life, and this issue is not often described in the literature dedicated to measurements of modern internal combustion engines. During the tests, the length and carrier material effect on the emission of harmful substances in exhaust gases was determined.

scholarly journals A research into a gasoline HCCI engine

2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Jacek HUNICZ ◽  
Andrzej NIEWCZAS ◽  
Paweł KORDOS
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Hcci Combustion ◽  
Permissible Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Direct Fuel Injection

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is nowadays a leading trend in the development of gasoline internal combustion engines. The application of this novel combustion system will allow to comply with future legislations concerning the exhaust emissions including carbon dioxide. This paper presents a design and implementation of a research engine with a direct fuel injection and the capability of HCCI combustion via an internal gas recirculation and a negative valves overlap (NVO). The technical approach used in the engine allowed an autonomous HCCI operation at variable loads and engine speeds without the need of a spark discharge. Experiments were conducted at a wide range of valve timings providing data which allowed an assessment of a volumetric efficiency and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate. Permissible range of air excess coefficient, providing stable and repeatable operation has also been identified. The use of direct gasoline injection benefited in the improvement of the start of the combustion (SOC) and heat release rate control via the injection timing.

Improving the performance of a diesel engine by changing injectors characteristics after reduction on the compression ratio

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 8153-8168
Author(s):  
Saeed Chamehsara ◽  
Mohammadreza Karami
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Nozzle Hole ◽  
The Impact

In order to repair internal combustion engines, sometimes it is necessary to replace the components of these engines with each other. Therefore changes in engine performance are inevitable in these conditions. In the present study, by changing the coneccting rod and the crank of the OM457 turbo diesel-fueled engine with the OM444, it was observed that the performance of the engine decreases. Numerical simulations have been carried out to study the Possible ways to mitigate this reduction. One way to achieve this goal is to change the fuel injector’s characteristics such as, fuel injector’s nozzle hole diameter, number of nozzle holes, and start time of fuel injection. In this study, the impact of these parameters on the performance and emissions of these engines were analyzed. Another scenario is an increase in inlet fuel and air by the same amount. The results indicate that By reducing the diameter of fuel injector holes and hole numbers, the performance of the engine was increased. on the other hand, the NOx emissions were increased while the amount of soot emission decreased. The same results were concluded by retarding the start time of injection. Subsequently, a case study of changing fuel injector parameters for mitigation of decreased performance was performed. These parameters were simultaneously applied, and results were compared. The performance of the engine with improved injector’s characteristics was close to the main OM457. Similar results were obtained by increasing the amount of inlet air and fuel.

Osady w tłokowych silnikach spalinowych

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Stępień
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ci Engines ◽  
Engine Deposits

The undesirable deposits forming on the surfaces of various internal parts of reciprocating internal combustion engines and the systems operating in conjunction with them worsen during the operation of the engines and threaten their proper functioning. The deposits form as a normal result of the processes of fuel injection and creating and combusting the fuel–air mixture in engines. It was not investigated until the beginning of the 21st century, when extensive multi-directional research began not only to identify the causes of these deposits, the mechanisms behind their formation, and the factors leading to deposit growth, but also to determine the chemical composition of various groups of deposits. Such research became necessary because engines must comply with gradually tightening regulations on environmental protection, necessitating the introduction of increasingly complex engine designs and strategies for controlling the processes of precise and divided fuel injection into the combustion chambers and advanced algorithms for controlling the combustion processes according to the combustion system and the purpose of the engine. However, it became apparent that the co-functioning of the increasingly complex engine technologies and solutions, particularly of fuel injection systems, may be significantly disturbed by the deposits forming inside them. More and more complicated engine designs with tighter and tighter tolerances of the working parts necessitate the multi-directional testing of harmful deposits. An increasing number of factors affecting deposit formation are being identified, which leads to the development of increasingly complex classifications and subdivisions of deposits according to their type, composition, and form. At the same time, the search for lower emissions and greater engine efficiency is driving further mechanical changes in engines and vehicles. The higher temperatures and pressures connected with these changes are likely to impact the fuel being handled within the fuel and combustion systems. Such effects will inevitably cause the deposit chemistry and morphology to change. The size of the coke deposits produced may disturb the processes of fuel atomization, of filling the engine combustion chambers and swirling the charge, and in consequence may affect the efficiency of filling and the quality of the fuel–air mixture. These problems led to the development of a number of standardized and unstandardized methods for assessing the size of deposits. It was found that in the case of SI engines, the deposits that most endanger correct engine operation are those which are formed in the combustion chambers, on the inlet valves, inlet ducts, and fuel injector tips. The most common sign of deterioration caused by deposits is the loss over time of the performance, usability, and operational value which were originally declared by the manufacturer. In the case of CI engines, the most dangerous are coke (carbon) deposits formed on the external surfaces of the fuel injector nozzle tips and inside the injector nozzle orifices. In Europe, mandatory procedures for assessing the size of different coke deposits formed on different components in both SI and CI engines are being developed by the Coordinating European Council for the Development of Performance Tests for Transportation Fuels, Lubricants, and Other Fluids (CEC). The theoretical part of this publication reports the problems of the deposits produced in reciprocating internal combustion engines and their fuel systems. It discusses standard and non-standard engine test methods for both quantitative and qualitative assessment of deposits and presents the significance of the assessment methods which are currently used for the classification of deposits. The publication also presents the scope of application and the usefulness of methods for determining the threats posed to the functioning of an engine by various types of deposits and methods for identifying the causes of deposit formation, in particular those related to the composition of the fuels and lubricating oils used. The effects which fuel composition and the engine’s construction and operating parameters have on various engine deposits, the possible causes of deposit formation, and the importance of modern deposit control additives and high-technology solutions in counteracting this detrimental phenomenon are also all discussed. The experimental part presents the results of research carried out at the Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute concerning: • the incomparability of measurements of fuel performance obtained from various engine tests, • studies on the influence of various deposit control additives on the formation of harmful engine deposits during engine tests, • the influence of fuel treatments on the deposit formation processes in internal combustion engines (described qualitatively or quantitatively), • determination of the impact which various chemical compounds, serving as contaminants within the fuels, have on deposit formation in internal combustion engines and fuel injection systems, • determination of the impact that various chemical structures of the compounds within the fuels and biofuel blends have on deposit formation in internal combustion engines and fuel injection systems, • studies on the influence of bio-components contained in both petrol and diesel fuels on tendency for deposits to form in internal combustion engines, and • multidirectional studies on the impact of FAME degradation processes in biodiesel fuel blends on the formation of harmful engine deposits.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES WITH DIRECT LIGHT FUEL INJECTION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Никулин ◽  
M. Nikulin ◽  
Новиков ◽  
A. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
Alternative Type ◽  
Direct Fuel Injection

In this article gasoline engines of internal combustion with direct fuel injection, their advantages and shortcomings are considered, comparative analysis of two most effective systems allowing to use gas as an alternative type of fuel.

Effects of indirect water injection in turbocharged internal combustion engines with spark ignition and direct fuel injection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Tatsuharu Kawano ◽  
Luís Otávio de Barros Mazon ◽  
Rafael Pereira Barretto Faria ◽  
Renato de Castro Carvalho Coutinho ◽  
Samuel Nunes Castelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Direct Fuel Injection

Contamination of the intake air of internal combustion engines of motor vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-64
Author(s):  
Sebastian Dominik Dziubak
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Dust Concentration ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Atmospheric Air

The paper presents the composition of atmospheric air as a mixture of gases that make up the solid and variable components, and the definitions of air pollutants are referenced. Gaseous and solid pollutants (dust) of the atmospheric air have been defined. Dusts were divided according to various criteria and their properties were given. Exemplary courses of immission of the fraction of solid particles are given, indicating a strong dependence of the immission on the seasons, days of the week and day and night. The sources and characteristics of artificial and natural pollutants in the atmospheric air are presented. It has been shown that the main sources of anthropogenic pollution in addition to industry and the automotive industry. Cars are a source of gaseous and particulate pollutants PM, and they also emit pollution from brake and clutch lining wear, as well as from tire and road wear. The main sources of natural air pollution were discussed, including volcanic eruptions, fires in landfills, forests, steppes and sand storms, as well as mineral dust (road dust) carried from the ground by vehicles. The properties of road dust are discussed: chemical and fractional composition, density, dust concentration in the air. It has been shown that the two basic components of the dust, silica and corundum, whose share in dust reaches 95%, also have the highest hardness, which may have a decisive influence on the wear of engine components. Various valuesof dust concentration in the air were presented depending on the type and condition of the ground and the conditions of use of vehicles. Keywords: mechanical engineering, internal combustion engines, air pollution sources, road dust

scholarly journals Impact of Blow-By Gas and Endgap Ring Position on the Variations of Particle Emissions in Gasoline Engines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7492
Author(s):  
Vincent Berthome ◽  
David Chalet ◽  
Jean-François Hetet
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
System A ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ring Position

Particulate emission from internal combustion engines is a complex phenomenon that needs to be understood in order to identify its main factors. To this end, it appears necessary to study the impact of unburned gases, called blow-by gases, which are reinjected into the engine intake system. A series of transient tests demonstrate their significant contribution since the particle emissions of spark-ignition engines are 1.5 times higher than those of an engine without blow-by with a standard deviation 1.5 times greater. After analysis, it is found that the decanter is not effective enough to remove completely the oil from the gases. Tests without blow-by gases also have the advantage of having a lower disparity, and therefore of being more repeatable. It appears that the position of the “endgap” formed by the first two rings has a significant impact on the amount of oil transported towards the combustion chamber by the backflow, and consequently on the variation of particle emissions. For this engine and for this transient, 57% of the particulate emissions are related to the equivalence ratio, while 31% are directly related to the ability of the decanter to remove the oil of the blowby gases and 12% of the emissions come from the backflow. The novelty of this work is to relate the particles fluctuation to the position of the endgap ring.

scholarly journals An Attempt to Reduce the Emission of Spark-Ignition Engine with Mixtures of Bioethanol and Gasoline as Substitute Fuels

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gis ◽  
Maciej Gis ◽  
Piotr Wiśniowski ◽  
Mateusz Bednarski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Limiting emissions of harmful substances is a key task for vehicle manufacturers. Excessive emissions have a negative impact not only on the environment, but also on human life. A significant problem is the emission of nitrogen oxides as well as solid particles, in particular those up to a diameter of 2.5 microns. Carbon dioxide emissions are also a problem. Therefore, work is underway on the use of alternative fuels to power the vehicle engines. The importance of alternative fuels applies to spark ignition engines. The authors of the article have done simulation tests of the Renault K4M 1.6 16v traction engine for emissions for fuels with a volumetric concentration of bioethanol from 10 to 85 percent. The analysis was carried out for mixtures as substitute fuels – without doing any structural changes in the engine's crankshafts. Emission of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, oxygen at full throttle for selected rotational speeds as well as selected engine performance parameters such as maximum power, torque, hourly and unit fuel consumption were determined. On the basis of the simulation tests performed, the reasonableness of using the tested alternative fuels was determined on the example of the drive unit without affecting its constructions, in terms of e.g. issue. Maximum power, torque, and fuel consumption have also been examined and compared. Thus, the impact of alternative fuels will be determined not only in terms of emissions, but also in terms of impact on the parameters of the power unit.

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