scholarly journals Analysis of the macrostructure of the fuel spray atomized with marine engine injector

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Joanna GROCHOWALSKA
Keyword(s):  
Cone Angle ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Marine Engine ◽  
Spray Tip Penetration ◽  
Optical Visualization ◽  
Constant Volume Chamber

One of the main problem influencing the combustion process in the cylinder of the marine engine is an fuel spray phenomena. The parameters describing the shape of the fuel spray are named macro parameters. This article presents the research results of the macrostructure parameters of the fuel spray atomized with the marine engine injector. The research were carried out by optical visualization measurement method of Mie scattering. The diameter of nozzle injector was 0.375 mm and L/D coefficient 8.3. In these research were considered different parameters of injection opening pressures and backpressures in the constant volume chamber. Generally conlusions are: the opening pressure influence on maximum spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and influence on speed of the injected fuel. The increase of backpressure into the constant volume chamber causes the reduction of spray tip penetration and the increase of the spray cone angle.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Spray Development Process of Gasoline-Biodiesel Blended Fuel Sprays in a Constant Volume Chamber

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kihyun Kim ◽  
Ocktaeck Lim
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Spray Atomization ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Spray Penetration ◽  
Constant Volume Chamber ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
Tip Velocity

This study investigated gasoline–biodiesel blended fuel (GB) subjected to a fuel spray development process on macroscopic and microscopic scales. The four tested fuels were neat gasoline and gasoline containing biodiesel (5%, 20%, and 40% by volume) at three different ratios. The initial spray near the nozzle revealed that the spray penetration and spray tip velocity both decreased with decreasing biodiesel blending ratio. In addition, the different spray tip velocities at the start of spraying result in different atomization regimes between the fuels. The GB fuels with a low biodiesel blending ratio were disadvantaged in terms of spray atomization due to their lower spray penetration and tip velocity. The macroscopic spray penetration changes were similar to those observed in the microscopic spray. The fuel with the lower biodiesel blending ratio had a larger spray cone angle, indicating increased radial spray dispersion.

Characterizing Diesel Fuel Spray Cone Angle From Back-Scattered Imaging by Fitting Gaussian Profiles to Radial Spray Intensity Distributions

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn E. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey D. Naber ◽  
Seong-Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Gaussian Curve

Quantifying fuel spray properties including penetration, cone angle, and vaporization processes sheds light on fuel-air mixing phenomenon, which governs subsequent combustion and emissions formation in diesel engines. Accurate experimental determination of these spray properties is a challenge but imperative to validate computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models for combustion prediction. This study proposes a new threshold independent method for determination of spray cone angle when using Mie back-scattering optical diagnostics to visualize diesel sprays in an optically accessible constant volume vessel. Test conditions include the influence of charge density (17.6 and 34.9 kg/m3) at 1990 bar injection pressure, and the influence of injection pressure (990, 1370, and 1980 bar) at a charge density of 34.8 kg/m3 on diesel fuel spray formation from a multi-hole injector into nitrogen at a temperature of 100 °C. Conventional thresholding to convert an image to black and white for processing and determination of cone angle is threshold subjective. As an alternative, an image processing method was developed, which fits a Gaussian curve to the intensity distribution of the spray at radial spray cross-sections and uses the resulting parameters to define the spray edge and hence cone angle. This Gaussian curve fitting methodology is shown to provide a robust method for cone angle determination, accounting for reductions in intensity at the radial spray edge. Results are presented for non-vaporizing sprays using this Gaussian curve fitting method and compared to the conventional thresholding based method.

Macroscopic spray characteristics of long-chain alcohol-biodiesel fuels in a constant volume chamber

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyu Li ◽  
Bolun Yi ◽  
Lanbo Song ◽  
Wei Fu ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Chain Alcohol ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Spray Tip Penetration ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Long Chain Alcohol ◽  
Long Chain

In this research, three basic macroscopic spray characteristics (spray tip penetration, spray cone angle, and spray area) of long-chain alcohol-biodiesel blends were studied to investigate the differences of macroscopic spray characteristics of long-chain alcohol-biodiesel blends with different mixing ratios and to further investigate the effects of blending long-chain alcohols into biodiesel on the spray characteristics. Two kinds of long-chain alcohols, n-butanol, and n-pentanol, were selected to study effects of difference kinds of long-chain alcohols on macroscopic spray characteristics of long-chain alcohol-biodiesel blends. Results show that with the increase of proportion of n-butanol or n-pentanol in blends, spray tip penetration decreased while spray cone angle and spray area increased; in terms of the effects brought by different long-chain alcohols, n-pentanol-biodiesel blends showed slightly longer spray tip penetration, smaller spray cone angle and smaller spray area compared to n-butanol-biodiesel blends in the same mixing ratios, and the difference trends between those two kinds blends could easily be opposite due to the very similar properties of n-butanol and n-pentanol. Furthermore, a modified spray tip penetration model was proposed based on previous model and showed good agreement with experimental results.

Atomization Characteristics of Jatropha-Derived Alternative Aviation Fuels From Aircraft Engine Injector

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramachandran Sakthikumar ◽  
Deivandren Sivakumar ◽  
B. N. Raghunandan ◽  
John T. C. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Atomization Characteristics

Search for potential alternative jet fuels is intensified in recent years to meet stringent environmental regulations imposed to tackle degraded air quality caused by fossil fuel combustion. The present study describes atomization characteristics of blends of jatropha-derived biofuel with conventional aviation kerosene (Jet A-1) discharging into ambient atmospheric air from a dual-orifice atomizer used in aircraft engines. The biofuel blends are characterized in detail and meet current ASTM D7566 specifications. The experiments are conducted by discharging fuel spray into quiescent atmospheric air in a fuel spray booth to measure spray characteristics such as fuel discharge behavior, spray cone angle, drop size distribution and spray patternation at six different flow conditions. The characteristics of spray cone angle are obtained by capturing images of spray and the measurements of spray drop size distribution are obtained using laser diffraction particle analyzer (LDPA). A mechanical patternator system comprising 144 measurement cells is used to deduce spray patternation at different location from the injector exit. A systematic comparison on the atomization characteristics between the sprays of biofuel blends and the 100% Jet A-1 is presented. The measured spray characteristics of jatropha-derived alternative jet fuels follow the trends obtained for Jet A-1 sprays satisfactorily both in qualitative and quantitative terms.

Characterizing Diesel Fuel Spray Cone Angle From Back-Scattered Imaging by Fitting Gaussian Profiles to Radial Spray Intensity Distributions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn E. Nesbitt ◽  
Jeffrey D. Naber ◽  
Seong-Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Gaussian Curve

Quantifying fuel spray properties including penetration, cone angle, and vaporization processes sheds light on fuel-air mixing phenomenon which governs subsequent combustion and emissions formation in diesel engines. Accurate experimental determination of these spray properties is a challenge but imperative to validate computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models for combustion prediction. This study proposes a new threshold independent method for determination of spray cone angle when using Mie back-scattering optical diagnostics to visualize diesel sprays in an optically accessible constant volume vessel. Test conditions include the influence of charge density (17.6 and 34.9 kg/m3) at 1990 bar injection pressure, and the influence of injection pressure (990, 1370, and 1980 bar) at a charge density of 34.8 kg/m3 on diesel fuel spray formation from a multi-hole injector into nitrogen at a temperature of 100°C. Conventional thresholding to convert an image to black and white for processing and determination of cone angle is threshold subjective. As an alternative, an image processing method was developed which fits a Gaussian curve to the intensity distribution of the spray at radial spray cross-sections and uses the resulting parameters to define the spray edge and hence cone angle. This Gaussian curve fitting methodology is shown to provide a robust method for cone angle determination, accounting for reductions in intensity at the radial spray edge. Results are presented for non-vaporizing sprays using this Gaussian curve fitting method and compared to the conventional thresholding based method.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on the Early Stage Spray Characteristics with Biodiesel and Diesel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghao Yu ◽  
Bifeng Yin ◽  
Shuai Wen ◽  
Xifeng Li ◽  
Hekun Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Spray Tip Penetration

The early stage spray characteristics have a great impact on the secondary atomization progress, and thus affectthe engine combustion and emission performances. The experimental investigation of the early stage spray behaviors with biodiesel and diesel was carried out by employing a laser-based Mie-scattering method. The results show that the spray tip penetration for biodiesel is higher than that for diesel at the early stage spray under the same injection pressure. Moreover, the early stage spray tip penetration can be longer under high injection pressures for two fuels. Besides, the early stage spray cone angle for biodiesel is narrower than that for diesel, and the spray cone angle is especially higher than biodiesel by 25.8% after start of injection time of 0.01ms. Furthermore, under the same injection condition, the difference of early stage spray area between diesel and biodiesel is not obvious, while the spray volume for biodiesel is larger than that for diesel, and also the sprayvolume can be enlarged by increasing injection pressure for both fuels.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4651

On the Mechanism of Flashing Injection of Initially Subcooled Fuels

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Oza
Keyword(s):  
Nozzle Exit ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
Exit Pressure ◽  
Flash Boiling

The mechanisms responsible for flash-boiling injection were investigated. Using an electromagnetic injector developed for this study, propane, methanol and Indolene were heated and injected into a constant-volume vessel. Two regimes of flash-boiling injection were identified. In the first regime, flash-boiling occurs within the injector nozzle without an increase in spray-cone angle. In the second regime, the nozzle exit pressure is sufficiently low that the two-phase compressible mixture created by flash-boiling within the injector nozzle is underexpanded at the nozzle exit and expands externally to increase the spray-cone angle.

Experimental study of the effect of n-butanol additive on spray characteristics of biodiesel in a high-pressure common-rail injection system

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolun Yi ◽  
Wei Fu ◽  
Lanbo Song ◽  
Fengyu Li ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Spray Tip Penetration ◽  
Blended Fuel

The aim of this study was to investigate the spray characteristics of biodiesel and n-butanol/biodiesel blended fuel. The spray tip penetration and the spray cone angle were tested and analyzed. A constant volume chamber and high-speed camera were used to observe the spray evolution and a common-rail system was employed to change the injection pressure. The results show that the spray tip penetration and the spray cone angle of biodiesel are larger than those of blended fuel in most cases. n-Butanol additive changes the relationship between angle and density ratio to a certain degree. The experimental trend lines support the penetration model proposed by Hiroyasu and Arai in terms of similar proportional relation on time after start of injection, and the empirical equations provide reasonable agreement with the experimental data of the spray tip penetration.

Spray Characteristics of Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels for Various Injection Timings under Non Evaporating Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 682-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Raghu ◽  
N. Nallusamy ◽  
Pitchandi Kasivisvanathan
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Spray Tip Penetration ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

Fuel spray and atomization characteristics play a vital role in the performance of internal combustion engines. Petroleum fuels are expected to be depleted within a few decades, finding alternative fuels that are economically viable to replace the petroleum fuel has attracted much research attention. In this work spray characteristics such as spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and spray area were investigated for Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME), Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) and diesel fuel. The KOME and JOME sprays were characterized and compared with diesel sprays at different injection timings. The macroscopic spray properties were acquired from the images captured by a high speed video camera employing shadowgraphic and image processing techniques in a spray chamber. The experimental results showed that biodiesel fuels had different features compared with diesel fuel after start of injection (ASOI). Longer spray tip penetration, larger spray area and smaller spray cone angle were observed for biodiesel (JOME, KOME) due to its higher density and viscosity than that of diesel fuel.

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