scholarly journals New technologies of enhanced plastic for use in rail vehicles to reduce noise emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz STAWECKI ◽  
Jerzy MERKISZ ◽  
Maciej BAJERLEIN ◽  
Pawel DASZKIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
In Series ◽  
The One

The article presents an overview of modern plastics for use in rail vehicles. The analysis of plastics and composites in the constructional aspect was analyzed. The trends in the development of polymer materials, technologies and constructions used in the manufacture of vehicles, on the one hand, are determined by the technical and economic requirements of industry and, on the other, by the continued emphasis on reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Further development will be subject to pre-impregnation techniques, particularly in the form of different types of reinforcement. Full use of the advantages of reinforced polymer materials in vehicle production will only be achieved when further optimization of the resin properties and development of automation will result in the widespread use of composite components in series production. Observing the trends and pace of development, it is possible to predict that there are still restrictions on the use of polymeric materials in the transport sector, such as relatively high prices, technological constraints and the hindering automation of large-scale production. Modern construction and material solutions, in particular those using reinforced plastics, are primarily designed to reduce vehicle weight and have better noise and vibration damping properties. Rail vehicles are becoming more environmentally friendly at the time and travel comfort is higher.

scholarly journals Modern high-resistance alloy steel used in railway transport

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-254
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz STAWECKI ◽  
Maciej BAJERLEIN ◽  
Paweł DASZKIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Resistance Alloy ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future

The article presents an overview of modern steel used in rail transport. Directions for the development of materials, technologies and constructions used in the manufacture of rail vehicles are, on the one hand, determined by the technical and economic requirements of industry and, on the other, by the continued emphasis of environmentalists on reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. This generates innovation in the use of modern materials, processing methods and new design solutions and results in reduced vehicle weight. More bold forecasts today show that at the current pace of technology development, in the near future the mass of the vehicle will reduce by an average of 30%. Observing the trends and pace of rail transport development, it can be predicted that existing restrictions on the use of modern materials, such as high prices, technological conditions and difficult automation of large-scale production, can be predicted.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages and the One Health Approach to Combat Multidrug Resistance: Is This the Way?

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Mary Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
One Health ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The One

Antimicrobial resistance necessitates action to reduce and eliminate infectious disease, ensure animal and human health, and combat emerging diseases. Species such as Acinetobacter baumanniii, vancomycin resistant Enterococcus, methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as other WHO priority pathogens, are becoming extremely difficult to treat. In 2017, the EU adopted the “One Health” approach to combat antibiotic resistance in animal and human medicine and to prevent the transmission of zoonotic disease. As the current therapeutic agents become increasingly inadequate, there is a dire need to establish novel methods of treatment under this One Health Framework. Bacteriophages (phages), viruses infecting bacterial species, demonstrate clear antimicrobial activity against an array of resistant species, with high levels of specificity and potency. Bacteriophages play key roles in bacterial evolution and are essential components of all ecosystems, including the human microbiome. Factors such are their specificity, potency, biocompatibility, and bactericidal activity make them desirable options as therapeutics. Issues remain, however, relating to their large-scale production, formulation, stability, and bacterial resistance, limiting their implementation globally. Phages used in therapy must be virulent, purified, and well characterized before administration. Clinical studies are warranted to assess the in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic characteristics of phages to fully establish their therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of Large Scale Production of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles via Coprecipitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffy J. Arteaga-Díaz ◽  
Samir I. Meramo-Hurtado ◽  
Jeffrey León-Pulido ◽  
Antonio Zuorro ◽  
Angel D. González-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4 ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Negative Impacts

Nanoparticles are materials with special properties that can be applied in different fields, such as medicine, engineering, food industry and cosmetics. The contributions regarding the synthesis of different types of nanoparticles have allowed researchers to determine a special group of nanoparticles with key characteristics for several applications. Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) have attracted a significant amount of attention due to their ability to improve the properties of polymeric materials. For this reason, the development of novel/emerging large scale processes for the synthesis of nanomaterials is a great and important challenge. In this work, an environmental assessment of the large scale production of magnetite via coprecipitation was carried out with the aim to evaluate its potential impact on the environment at a processing capacity of 806.87 t/year of magnetite nanoparticles. The assessment was performed using a computer-aided tool based on the Waste Reduction Algorithm (WAR). This method allows us to quantify the impacts generated and classify them into eight different categories. The process does not generate any negative impacts that could harm the environment. This assessment allowed us to identify the applicability of the large scale production of magnetite nanoparticles from an environmental viewpoint.

A Simple and Effective Method for the Preparation of Porous Graphene Nanosheets

2015 ◽  
Vol 719-720 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Jin Sun ◽  
Qing Zhong Xue ◽  
Yong Gang Du ◽  
Fu Jun Xia ◽  
Qi Kai Guo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Green Method ◽  
Porous Graphene ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
One Step ◽  
Autogenous Pressure ◽  
The One

Porous graphene is a collection of graphene-related materials which exhibits properties distinct from those of graphene, and it has widespread potential applications in various fields. Several approaches have been developed to produce porous graphene. However, the large-scale production of porous graphene nanosheets still remains a great challenge. Moreover, the costs of some methods are prohibitive for its commercial production and the processes are too complicated and time-consuming. In this work, we propose a simple and green method by which graphene nanosheets can be etched by sodium hydroxide under autogenous pressure at 180 °C. The morphologies and surface elements of the porous graphene nanosheets and sizes of pores were characterized. It is demonstrated that the one-step etching of graphene nanosheets is an effective method to obtain large-scale porous graphene nanosheets with high and uniform porosity. The pores in the porous graphene nanosheets were 6 nm depth (the same as the thickness of the graphene nanosheets) and 30-50 nm width.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Fiber Reinforced Plastics by Ultrasonic Welding

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Andreas Gomer ◽  
Wei Zou ◽  
Niels Grigat ◽  
Johannes Sackmann ◽  
Werner Schomburg
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Ultrasonic fabrication of fiber reinforced plastics made from thermoplastic polymer films and carbon or glass fibers enables cycle times of a few seconds and requires investment costs of only some 10,000 €. Besides this, the raw materials can be stored at room temperature. A fiber content of 33 vol % and a tensile strength of approximately 1.2 GPa have been achieved by ultrasonic welding of nine layers of foils from polyamide, each 100 µm in thickness, and eight layers of carbon fibers, each 100 µm in thickness, in between. Besides unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) samples, multi-directional CFRP plates, 116 mm, 64 mm and 1.2 mm in length, width and thickness respectively, were fabricated by processing three layers of carbon fiber canvas, each 300 µm in thickness, and eight layers of polyamide foils, each 100 µm in thickness. Furthermore, both the discontinuous and the continuous ultrasonic fabrication processes are described and the results are presented in this paper. Large-scale production still needs to be demonstrated.

The Application of Polyurethane Material Structure in the Greenhouse

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 970-977
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Yang ◽  
Hua Yang Liang ◽  
Okumura Ummin ◽  
Mu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Finite Element Software

The application of new polymer materials in modern agriculture is considered and discussed in a completely new view in this paper. Combined with modern agricultural characteristics: out of season and large-scale planting, the excellent characteristics of modern polymeric materials are skillfully applied to modern agriculture greenhouse rack, which solves many defects of the traditional greenhouse frame structure material. This paper takes Hainan Province as the area of greenhouse structure research and analyze the shed load in the view of structural analysis, based on which the finite element software ABAQUS for the greenhouse framework structure are analyzed by finite element analysis. The results show that the stress and deformation results can satisfy the requirements of structural strength in the normal load conditions.

Electrical Contact Properties of Micro-Injection Molded Polypropylene/CNT/CB-Composites on Metallic Electrodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 1103 ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Heinrich ◽  
Ricardo Decker ◽  
Joerg Schaufuss ◽  
Juergen Troeltzsch ◽  
Jan Mehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Micro Injection Molding ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
The One

The investigations carried out under this work dealing with a new field of application for large-scale production of electric contacting processes for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) using the micro-injection molding technology. The focus of this article is the analysis of process-related influential factors of micro-injection molding that determines both the electrical resistivity and the flowability of polymer nanocomposites filled with carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon black (CB). For that, the viscosity and the electrical conductivity as a function of different CNT-and CB-contents and their combination were investigated in a manufacturing study for Polypropylene. The results of the investigations answered questions regarding material science and technical processes. By this, optimal rheological properties for formation of micro injection molded conductive patterns with high aspect ratios on the one side and with the best possible conductivity of the nanocomposites on the other side can be set.

Secondary Industries for Tropical Africa

Africa ◽  
1943 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Cahan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Laborious Method

Opening ParagraphThere is a tendency in some quarters to regard secondary industries as a panacea for all the economic ills of tropical Africa. It would be well at this initial stage to sound a note of warning. In the past, the industrialization of agricultural countries has had two results: one good, one bad. On the one hand, the establishment in a country of labour-saving machinery and large-scale production in place of the old laborious method of making things by hand has led to a rise in the general standard of living within the country in terms of real incomes. On the other hand, the drift of workers to the towns and the herding together of large numbers of people in factories resulted in the sum of social evils associated with the ‘dark satanic mills’: overcrowding, sweated labour, destitution, unemployment, and many more. The problem for tropical Africa to-day is to combine the maximum of the first and good effect with a minimum of the second evil.

scholarly journals Replacement of a Metabolic Pathway for Large-Scale Production of Lactic Acid from Engineered Yeasts

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 4211-4215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Porro ◽  
Michele M. Bianchi ◽  
Luca Brambilla ◽  
Rossella Menghini ◽  
Davide Bolzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Kluyveromyces Lactis ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Pyruvate Decarboxylase ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Large Scale Production

ABSTRACT Interest in the production of l-(+)-lactic acid is presently growing in relation to its applications in the synthesis of biodegradable polymer materials. With the aim of obtaining efficient production and high productivity, we introduced the bovinel-lactate dehydrogenase gene (LDH) into a wild-type Kluyveromyces lactis yeast strain. The observed lactic acid production was not satisfactory due to the continued coproduction of ethanol. A further restructuring of the cellular metabolism was obtained by introducing the LDH gene into aK. lactis strain in which the unique pyruvate decarboxylase gene had been deleted. With this modified strain, in which lactic fermentation substituted completely for the pathway leading to the production of ethanol, we obtained concentrations, productivities, and yields of lactic acid as high as 109 g liter−1, 0.91 g liter−1 h−1, and 1.19 mol per mole of glucose consumed, respectively. The organic acid was also produced at pH levels lower than those usual for bacterial processes.

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