scholarly journals Estimating pollutant emission from motor vehicles in the years 2000–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Katarzyna BEBKIEWICZ ◽  
Zdzisław CHŁOPEK ◽  
Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI ◽  
Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Vehicular Emission ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Eu

National annual emission from motor vehicles were estimated with the use, for the first time in Poland, of the COPERT software programme developed in support of official reporting under the EU cooperation framework. The quantification of vehicular emission covered the period 2000–2015. The results were analysed for the following cumulated vehicle categories: passenger cars, light commercial vehicles, heavy duty vehicles, urban buses, coaches, motorcycles and mopeds. The national annual emission from motor vehicles in Poland was found to be markedly declining. The relative national annual emission of individual pollutants was balanced against the situation in the year 2000. Starting from 2006, a distinct decreasing trend was observed for the relative national annual emission of pollutants from a representative motor vehicle; this was valid for all the substances except for nitrous oxide alone.

Feasibility of Standardized Diagnostic Device for Maintenance and Inspection of Commercial Motor Vehicles

1996 ◽  
Vol 1560 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Dan Middleton ◽  
John Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Heavy Truck ◽  
Maintenance And Inspection ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Class 8 Truck ◽  
Year 2000

The rapid growth in the number of trucks on the nation's highways combined with the fact that safety violation rates have not declined significantly have created an urgency to increase the efficiency of heavy-truck inspections. At the same time, the growing number of on-board electronic systems are delivering more information than ever before about key components of vehicle operation. The objective of this study is to determine whether it would be feasible to standardize electronic diagnostic interface systems and use them to help make roadside inspection faster, more accurate, and less constrained by shortages of qualified inspection personnel. The study found that electronics has made significant inroads into components of heavy-duty commercial vehicles. In addition to widely adopted systems, such as electronically controlled engines, transmissions, and antilock brakes, the technology exists for a number of new applications. The heavy-duty Class 8 truck of the year 2000 and beyond could be equipped with as many as 50 electronic systems but more likely with three to seven intelligent control devices for the engine, transmission, brakes, retarder, instrument cluster, trip recorder, and off-board communications. There is potential for using these electronics in roadside inspections as standardization efforts by the Society of Automotive Engineers and The Maintenance Council successfully continue if the proper on-board parameters are made available to inspectors.

scholarly journals A Model of Vignette for Motor Vehicles in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Břetislav Andrlík ◽  
Lucie Zborovská
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Current System ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Current Application ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Eu

This article examines the fees applied to vehicles of the maximum weight of 3.5 t based on time. It focuses on the analysis of the current application of time-based fees in individual countries of the EU. This analysis is carried out as a supporting tool serving the design models available in the Czech Republic. The goal of the contribution is designing a new model of time-based pricing of road motor vehicles in the territory of the Czech Republic. The contribution also includes the analysis of legal standards regulating the issue in the Czech Republic and in the EU countries; the analysis only deals with EU legal standards that directly address the area. The outcome of the contribution is a constructed model of a time-based fee, based on pre-defined assumptions, which were determined by needs ensuing from the current conditions that affect the operation of chargeable passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. In conclusion, a comparison of receipts from the current system of time-based fees with receipts resulting from the proposed model of time-based fees for the Czech Republic is made. The results shown in Table 6 show that the application of the newly defined time-based fee model in the Czech Republic leads to increased public budget revenues by 3.14%, ie by CZK 149.262 million in absolute terms.

Methodology for Estimating Vehicle Miles Traveled for Commercial Motor Vehicles at the State Level

2003 ◽  
Vol 1830 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Candace Brown ◽  
Nancy Kennedy ◽  
Don Wright ◽  
Walt Zak
Keyword(s):  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Motor Carrier ◽  
Exposure Data ◽  
Commercial Motor Vehicle ◽  
Commercial Motor Vehicles

Described is one specific effort to better estimate commercial motor vehicle-related exposure at the state level in order to better determine commercial motor vehicle-related crash rates for state and federal programs. Limitations in the crash and exposure data affect the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration and a state’s ability to plan and assess operations and conduct ongoing analyses of program effectiveness. One important limitation has been the lack of reliable estimates of commercial motor vehicle exposure data at the state level. Exposure data, for the purpose of this report, are defined as the number of truck and bus vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Described is the methodology that was developed to calculate adjusted state VMT for commercial vehicles; results are presented for 1999 and 2000. The results support estimation of crash involvement rates for each state and provide exposure data for other analytical studies. The methodology to calculate adjusted state VMT for commercial motor vehicles has resulted in improved information resources in support of all crash analyses. The adjusted state VMT for commercial vehicles supports measurement of program effectiveness and development of countermeasures to promote motor carrier safety. The adjusted state VMT for commercial motor vehicles methodology and the commercial vehicle fatal-crash involvement rate reports enable state and federal agencies to better focus their safety programs and enforcement resources.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Emissions as an Indicator of Reduction of Negative Externalities Related to Road Motor Vehicle Operation

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Břetislav Andrlík
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
European Union ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Harmful Substances

This contribution deals with issues of carbon dioxide emissions generated by road motor vehicles in the Czech Republic and the European Union. We discuss the current need for the introduction of environmental features to the system of taxation of motor vehicles, aiming at the mitigation of harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere. The most harmful substance produced during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels by motor vehicles is CO2, whose emissions are subsequently used as an instrument for green tax reforms in the European Union member states. In this article we define the main EU legal standards regulating harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere as a result of road motor transport. We may cite for instance the Regulation (EC) No. 443/2009 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars. The aim of the European Union is to reduce average emission values of new passenger cars sold in the EU to 130 g CO2/km by 2015 and to 95 g CO2/km by 2020. Assessment of tax on motor vehicles according to CO2 emissions shall help fulfil commitments from the Kyoto Protocol, aiming at the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Evolution of national annual pollutant emission from motor vehicles in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Katarzyna BEBKIEWICZ ◽  
Zdzisław CHŁOPEK ◽  
Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI ◽  
Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Model ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Urban Rural

The work analyses the national annual emission of pollutants from passenger cars in Poland, in the years 2000–2015, including the classification of combustion engines relative to the ignition system. The study was carried out in accordance with the methodology used in the COPERT 4 software. The vehicle traffic model was analysed under the following conditions: urban, rural and on motorways and expressways. The national annual pollutant emission was found to change substantially alongside the changes in vehicle properties over the period analysed; the effect varied due to the performance of respective substances. The relative annual national emission of the various pollutants compared to the situation in 2000 were determined. There was a clear declining trend, from 2008 onwards, in the relative annual emission of pollutants from a representative passenger car; this was valid for all substances.

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