scholarly journals Effect of dodecanol additive on auto-ignition properties of diesel oil and ethanol blends

2017 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Artur KRZEMIŃSKI ◽  
Hubert KUSZEWSKI ◽  
Kazimierz LEJDA ◽  
Adam USTRZYCKI
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Fuel Ethanol ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
Low Solubility

In order to increase the possibility of utilizing ethanol to propel the combustion ignition engines, ethanol or methanol blends with diesel oil or other similar fuels are used. However, ethanol has a low solubility index in diesel fuel especially at low temperatures, which requires the use of additives to improve this feature. The paper presents the results of comparative tests of the derived cetane number of diesel fuel blend with ethanol and the addition of dodecanol which is used to improve the miscibility of ethanol with diesel fuel. The results of tests indicate that the effect of dodecanol additive in blended diesel fuel-ethanol on the auto-ignition properties of such fuel is negligible.

An Ignition Delay Study of Category A and C Aviation Fuel

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungwook Min ◽  
Daniel Valco ◽  
Anna Oldani ◽  
Tonghun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Alternative Aviation Fuels ◽  
Pressure Trace

Ignition delay of category A and C alternative aviation fuels have been investigated using a rapid compression machine (RCM). Newly introduced alternative jet fuels are not yet comprehensively understood in their combustion characteristics. Two of the category C fuels that will be primarily investigated in this study are Amyris Farnesane and Gevo Jet Fuel Blend. Amyris direct sugar to hydrocarbon (DSHC) fuel (POSF 10370) come from direct fermentation of bio feedstock sugar. Amyris DSHC is mainly composed of 2,6,10-trymethly dodecane, or farnesane. Gevo jet blend stock fuel is alcohol to jet (ATJ) fuel (POSF 10262) produced from bio derived butanol. Gevo jet blend stock is composed with iso-dodecane and iso-cetane, and has significantly low derived cetane number of 15. The experimental results are compared to combustion characteristics of conventional jet A fuels, including JP-8. Ignition delay, the important factor of auto ignition characteristic, is evaluated from pressure trace measured from the RCM at University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. The measurements are made at compressed pressure 20bar, intermediate and low compressed temperature, and equivalence ratio of unity and below. Direct test chamber charge method is used due to its reliable reproducibility of results. Compared to category A fuels, different combustion characteristics has been observed from category C fuels due to their irregular chemical composition.

scholarly journals Castor oil enhanced effect on fuel ethanol-diesel fuel blend properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pinzi ◽  
I. López ◽  
D.E. Leiva-Candia ◽  
M.D. Redel-Macías ◽  
J.M. Herreros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Fuel Ethanol ◽  
Fuel Blend

scholarly journals Predicting the Temperature and Composition – Dependent Density and Viscosity of Diesel Fuel – Ethanol Blends

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Adrian Todoruț ◽  
Andreia Molea ◽  
István Barabás
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Ethanol ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Viscosity Models ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Dependent Density

Density and viscosity are very important fuel properties which have a major influence not only on the fuel production, transportation and distribution processes but also on the processes that take place in an internal combustion engine. Developing robust and high precision density and viscosity models for stabilized diesel fuel – ethanol blends helps the production of fuel to adhere to the quality requirements regarding density and viscosity and the modeling and simulation of injection and combustion processes. For modeling the density and the viscosity of diesel fuel – ethanol blends, five mixtures were prepared with ethanol content up to 15 % (v/v) and were stabilized by adding tetrahydrofuran as a surfactant at room temperature. The temperature-dependent density and viscosity of the blends were measured at four different temperatures (0, 15, 40 and 50 °C) using an SVM 3000 type apparatus. Based on experimental data, several mixing rules were fitted to them and three new models were developed, of which two need only one experimental value. These models yield very good accuracies, presenting average relative deviations of 0.0604 % in the case of density and 3.8931 % in the case of viscosity.

scholarly journals Analysis of Organic Germanium Ge-132 as Cetane Improver in Diesel Combustion Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 6134-6145
Author(s):  
S. Asri ◽  
M. F. Othman ◽  
A. Abdullah ◽  
Z. Abdullah ◽  
Z. Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Oxygen Enrichment ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Petroleum Reserves

The depletion of global petroleum reserves and growth in awareness regarding the environmental pollution of diesel engines urge the reinforcement for the development of alternative fuels. This research experimentally investigated the effect of diesel-organic germanium (Ge-132, 2-Carboxyl Sesquioxide) fuels blend on combustion characteristics, engine performances and exhaust emissions on a direct injection diesel engine at the speed of 1800 rpm at various brake effective pressures. On this occasion, the Ge-132 compound used in this experiment was widely utilized in the medical industry as a dietary supplement that contains therapeutic qualities such as oxygen enrichment, free radical scavenging, and immunity enhancement. Three fuel blends employed in this experiment were Ge5, Ge8, and Ge10 that are used to compare their performances with diesel fuel. In brief, the result stated that the fuel blend of Ge10 showed the highest value of cetane number, which was 8.23% higher compared to the diesel fuel followed by Ge8 and Ge5, which were 7.84 and 7.45% higher than the diesel fuel respectively. Besides, from the experiment, Ge5 decreased the value of BSFC by 26.6% compared to diesel fuel and improved the value of BTE that was 25.6% higher than the diesel fuel.

Effects of branch structure of alkylbenzenes on spray auto-ignition of n-decane and alkylbenzenes blends

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742091471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaozong Duan ◽  
Wang Liu ◽  
Xin Liang ◽  
Dong Han
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Ignition Delay Times ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Ignition Characteristics ◽  
Ignition Propensity

Spray auto-ignition characteristics of the blends of n-decane and several alkylbenzenes were carried out on a heated constant-volume spray combustion chamber. The derived cetane numbers of the fuel blends were determined, and the temperature-dependent ignition delay times and combustion durations were measured across a range of temperatures from 808 to 911 K. The results reveal that blending alkylbenzene to n-decane inhibits fuel spray auto-ignition propensity. For mono-alkylbenzenes, the fuel blend containing toluene has a higher derived cetane number than those with ethylbenzene and n-propylbenzene, but has a lower derived cetane number than the fuel blend containing n-butylbenzene. For those binary fuels containing ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene and n-butylbenzene, their derived cetane numbers increase with the side alkyl chain length. The derived cetane numbers of the fuel blends with C8H10 isomers follow the trend of n-decane/ o-xylene >  n-decane/ethylbenzene >  n-decane/ m-xylene ∼ n-decane/ p-xylene, given the alkylbenzene blending fraction. For the blends with C9H12 isomers, those containing 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene have the highest and lowest derived cetane numbers, respectively, while the fuel blends containing 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene and i-propylbenzene have comparatively intermediate derived cetane numbers. The blending effects of alkylbenzenes on ignition delay time are consistent with the observation on fuel derived cetane numbers. Both the number and proximity of substituted methyl groups significantly affect fuel auto-ignition propensity, and the adjacent methyl groups could increase the auto-ignition propensity. The combustion duration for the test fuels, except for n-decane and the n-decane/ n-butylbenzene blend, monotonically decreases with increased temperature. The non-monotonic dependence of combustion duration on temperature, for neat n-decane and the n-decane/ n-butylbenzene blend, may result from the increased diffusive burnt fraction. Finally, the comparison between gas-phase and spray auto-ignition reactivity of the test fuels highlights the contribution of both fuel physics and chemistry in spray auto-ignition.

STUDI PENENTUAN KOMPOSISI OPTIMUM CAMPURAN BAHAN BAKAR BIODIESEL–PETRODIESEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soni S. Wirawan dkk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Biodiesel Blend

Biodiesel is a viable substitute for petroleum-based diesel fuel. Its advantages are improved lubricity, higher cetane number and cleaner emission. Biodiesel and its blends with petroleum-based diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines without any signifi cant modifi cations to the engines. Data from the numerous research reports and test programs showed that as the percent of biodiesel in blends increases, emission of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) all decrease, but the amount of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and fuel consumption is tend to increase. The most signifi cant hurdle for broader commercialization of biodiesel is its cost. In current fuel price policy in Indonesia (especially fuel for transportation), the higher percent of biodiesel in blend will increase the price of blends fuel. The objective of this study is to assess the optimum blends of biodiesel with petroleum-based diesel fuel from the technically and economically consideration. The study result recommends that 20% biodiesel blend with 80% petroleum-based diesel fuel (B20) is the optimum blend for unmodifi ed diesel engine uses.Keywords: biodiesel, emission, optimum, blend

Low solubility of alumina in enstatite and uncertainties in estimated palaeogeotherms

1978 ◽  
Vol 288 (1355) ◽  
pp. 471-486 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Alumina Content ◽  
Equilibrium Solubility ◽  
Low Solubility

Spurious kinks in estimated palaeogeotherms may result from small errors in the calibration of the geothermometers and geobarometers. New data indicate that the equilibrium solubility of alumina in enstatite is even less than shown by recent studies, and that the slopes (d T /d P ) of the isopleths of equal alumina content are steeper than hitherto believed. Consequently, pressures of equilibration estimated from current formulations of the orthopyroxene-garnet geobarometer will be too high at high temperatures (> 1200 °C) and too low at low temperatures.

Effect of n-heptane and n-decane on exhaust odour in direct injection diesel engines

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Roy
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Incomplete Combustion

This study investigated the effect of n-heptane and n-decane on exhaust odour in direct injection (DI) diesel engines. The prospect of these alternative fuels to reduce wall adherence and overleaning, major sources of incomplete combustion, as well as odorous emissions has been investigated. The n-heptane was tested as a low boiling point fuel that can improve evaporation as well as wall adherence. However, the odour is a little worse with n-heptane and blends than that of diesel fuel due to overleaning of the mixture. Also, formaldehyde (HCHO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) in the exhaust increase with increasing n-heptane content. The n-decane was tested as a fuel with a high cetane number that can improve ignition delay, which has a direct effect on wall adherence and overleaning. However, with n-decane and blends, the odour rating is about 0.5-1 point lower than for diesel fuel. Moreover, the aldehydes and THC are significantly reduced. This is due to less wall adherence and proper mixture formation.

scholarly journals The influence of cetane-detergent additives into diesel fuel increased to 10% (V/V) of RME content on energy parameters and exhaust gas composition of a diesel engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Winicjusz STANIK ◽  
Jerzy CISEK
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reduction Of Nox

To avoid the negative effects of increasing the amount of RME in the diesel fuel (to 10%), three different additive packages were used: stabilising, cleaning, and increasing the cetane number with different concentrations. The tests were carried out using a 4-cylinder, turbocharged 1.9 TDI engine from VW. The tests were carried out for 4 fuels (comparative fuel with a content of 7% RME and 3 test fuels with a content of 10% RME, differing in the content of the additive package.It was found that each of the 3 additive packages used does not have a significant impact on fuel consumption. However, a different effect of the tested additives on the composition of exhaust gases was observed. The first package had a slight effect on reducing the NOx concentration in the exhaust, but only for small engine loads. On the other hand, the second additive pack worked more effectively only at higher engine loads (in relation to the reduction of NOx concentration in the exhaust gases). In the third packet, the amount of the cetane additive was doubled (compared to the second packet). Then, the reduction in the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by 3–8% was obtained with reference to the comparative fuel.

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