scholarly journals Diesel perspective in global market vision

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Giovanni CIPOLLA
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Alternative Option

The article describes some predictions with regard to developing trends of automotive propulsion systems. According to the author’s opinion, Diesel engines will share with the gasoline one the leadership of the market in the short-to-middle timeframe, with shares depending mainly from regional contingencies. In the middle-to-long timeframe, the hybrid powertrain and fuel cells will became a real alternative option to conventional engine. However, Diesel hybrid powertrain could also became a very interesting opportunity, because the Diesel engine features will further improve the fuel consumption and the fun-to-drive features of hybrid systems.

Optimization of Engine Efficiency for Diesel Engine Equipped With EGR-VGT and Aftertreatment Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo Yang ◽  
Pingen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Minimum Phase ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

Abstract Engine efficiency improvement is very critical for medium to heavy-duty vehicles to reduce Diesel fuel consumption and enhance U.S. energy security. The tradeoff between engine efficiency and NOx emissions is an intrinsic property that prevents modern Diesel engines, which are generally equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and variable geometry turbocharger (VGT), from achieving the optimal engine efficiency while meeting the stringent NOx emission standards. The addition of urea-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems to modern Diesel engine aftertreatment systems alleviate the burden of NOx emission control on Diesel engines, which in return creates extra freedom for optimizing Diesel engine efficiency. This paper proposes two model-based approaches to locate the optimal operating point of EGR and VGT in the air-path loop to maximize the indicated efficiency of turbocharged diesel engine. Simulation results demonstrated that the engine brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) can be reduced by up to 1.6% through optimization of EGR and VGT, compared to a baseline EGR-VGT control which considers both NOx emissions and engine efficiency on engine side. The overall equivalent BSFCs are 1.8% higher with optimized EGR and VGT control than with the baseline control. In addition, the influence of reducing EGR valve opening on the non-minimum phase behavior of the air path loop is also analyzed. Simulation results showed slightly stronger non-minimum phase behaviors when EGR is fully closed.

scholarly journals Feasibility analysis of an innovative naval on-board power-train system with hydrogen- based PEMFC technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 07009
Author(s):  
Simona Di Micco ◽  
Mariagiovanna Minutillo ◽  
Antonio Forcina ◽  
Viviana Cigolotti ◽  
Alessandra Perna
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Hydrogen Technology

The maritime transportation sector is one of the main contributors to global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), hazardous air pollutants, NOX and SOX. In particular, it is estimated that the CO2 emissions in this sector are about 1 Gt every year. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted stringent emission limits in its Tier III regulation, most notably on NOX and SOX emissions and pledged to reach a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from international shipments by at least 50% by the year 2050, compared to 2008 emissions. For emission control areas (ECAs) these requirements are particularly strict and will be difficult to meet with traditional diesel engines and bunker fuels. Therefore, ship owners need to adopt solutions to bring emissions within these and other future limits by means of environmentally friendly fuels and high efficiency propulsion technologies. In this context, hydrogen and fuel cells play a crucial role, thanks to their low criteria pollutant and GHG emission. This paper presents a techno-economic feasibility study for replacing the conventional diesel engine powertrain, usually employed in Ro-Pax ferries, with an innovative system based on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology. The ferry is actually powered by four diesel engines, which deliver a total output of 37.8 MW. The ferry also has two auxiliary engines which give an output of 4.0 MW and also two 2.0 MW bow thrusters for its manoeuvring. The energy analysis has allowed to define the hydrogen consumption for each cruise, as well as the optimal size of the innovative propulsion system. In particular, The PEMFC powertrain is sized at the same maximum power output as the main diesel engine and, thanks to the modular architecture of fuel cells and their flexible performance at partial load, the auxiliary engines are not contemplated. Moreover, in order to identify the best solution in terms of ship’s weight and space requirements, two hydrogen storage solutions based on compressed hydrogen technology and liquefied hydrogen technology, have been analyzed and compared. The economic assessment has been carried out by estimating the CAPEX and OPEX for each H2 storage technology by considering short-term, mid-term and long-term scenarios (from 2020 to 2050).

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Composition of a Diesel Engine Powered by Biodiesel from Waste of Animal Origin

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3472
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kurczyński ◽  
Grzegorz Wcisło ◽  
Piotr Łagowski
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Smoke Opacity

The use of biofuel is one method for limiting the harmful impact of diesel engines on the environment. It is also a way of gradually becoming less dependent on the depleting petroleum resources. New resources for producing biodiesel are currently being sought. The authors produced esters from animal fat waste, obtaining a fuel that can power diesel engines and identifying a way to utilise unnecessary waste. The animal fat methyl ester (AME) was produced using a reactor constructed for non-industrial ester production. The aim underlying this paper was to determine whether a diesel engine can be fuelled with AME biodiesel and to test this fuel’s impact on exhaust gas composition and fuel consumption. Fuelling a Perkins 1104D-44TA engine with AME biodiesel led to a reduction in the smoke opacity of the exhaust gas as well as in carbohydrate, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide concentrations. The carbon dioxide concentrations were similar for biodiesel and diesel fuel. Slight increases in nitrogen oxides concentrations and brake-specific fuel consumption were found for AMEs. An engine can be fuelled with AME biodiesel, but it is necessary to improve its low-temperature properties.

Experimental Investigation of Adding Vanes Into the Air Intake Runner of a Diesel Engine Run on Biodiesel to Improve the Air-Fuel Mixing

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bari ◽  
Idris Saad
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Lower Power ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Fuel Mixing

Diesel engine can be run with renewable biodiesel which has the potential to supplement the receding supply of crude oil. Use of biodiesel in diesel engines can also reduce harmful emissions of CO, unburned HC and particulates. As biodiesel possess similar physiochemical properties to diesel, most diesel engines can be run with biodiesel with minimum modifications. However, the viscosity and calorific values of biodiesel are higher and lower, respectively than diesel which will affect the performance of diesel engine run with biodiesel. Use of 100% biodiesel in diesel engines shows inferior performance of having lower power and torque. Guide vanes into the intake runner to improve the in-cylinder airflow characteristic to break down higher viscous biodiesel is the aim of this research. This is expected to improve the air-fuel mixing resulting better combustion. The experimental results of biodiesel run in a diesel-gen set showed that break specific fuel consumption reduced in between 0.90 and 1.77% with vane numbers of 3 to 5. In regards to emissions, CO reduced in the range 0.05 and 8.78%, CO2 reduced in the range of 0.82 and 1.75%, and HC in the range of 1.19 and 7.49% with vane numbers of 3 to 5. Interestingly, most improvements were found with the vane numbers of 4.

scholarly journals IMPROVING FUEL EFFICIENCY OF MARINE SWIRL-CHAMBER DIESEL ENGINE BY INCREASED THERMAL RESISTANCE OF HEAT TRANSFER

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Alexander Fedorovich Dorokhov ◽  
Pavel Aleksandrovitch Dorokhov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Swirl Chamber

The article considers ship swirl-chamber diesel engines used in shipbuilding as the main and auxiliary engines. Two reasons for low profitability of the swirl chamber diesel engines are highlighted: large heat losses of the cooling working fluid due to the extended heat transfer surface of the chamber, and significant aerodynamic energy losses of compressed air during its passage through a relatively narrow channel connecting the piston chamber with the combustion chamber and the flow of gases from the swirl chamber on top the piston space. There have been proposed the methods for improving the operational performance of swirl-chamber diesels in production, in particular, their fuel efficiency. The scheme of the swirl-chamber and a section of the swirl-chamber cylinder head are presented. It has been stated that the total coefficient of thermal conductivity can be reduced if the wall of the swirl- chamber is made multi-layer. The layouts of a multi-layer cylinder-spherical wall of a swirl combustion chamber with a titanium cylinder-spherical insertion and thermal insulation of a vortex combustion chamber are given. The total thermal resistance of the spherical wall was calculated, heat loss through the multilayer spherical wall was determined, gas temperature in the vortex chamber was calculated, according to the average cycle temperature diagram. It was inferred that the amount of heat removed from the working fluid to cooling through the thermally insulated wall of the swirl-chamber will be 40% less than the amount of heat released to the cooling through the wall of the swirl-chamber of a commercial diesel engine. The difference in heat will be used to increase the indicator gas operation, which, with the same cyclic fuel supply, will lead to a decrease in the specific indicator fuel consumption, and at a constant level of internal engine losses - to a decrease in the specific effective fuel consumption.

scholarly journals Model development and experimental validation of an exhaust brake supported dual loop exhaust gas recirculation on a medium duty Diesel engine

Mechanika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 486-496
Author(s):  
Ádám NYERGES ◽  
Máté ZÖLDY
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Due to the new European emission norms internal combustion engines have to comply stricter rules. The new norms contain new requirements that were not included in previous regulations for example the decreased temperature of the cold start or the real driving emission part. The emission cycles for passenger vehicles are completely news, the stricter emission norms for commercial vehicles will follow them within a few years. Despite the increasing spread of alternative transmission systems in road transport Diesel engines are going to be remain in commercial vehicles in the next decades due to their good torque and fuel consumption performance. The emission of Diesel engines can be kept low by several way: by the modification of combustion processes, or by exhaust gas after treatment. To comply future regulations both of them seems to be necessary. By exhaust gas recirculation systems alternative Diesel combustion processes can be realized which can provide lower nitrogen-oxide emission and in several operation points also lower fuel consumption. Exhaust gas recirculation systems also can support the thermal management of a Diesel engine. To utilize the advantages of the recirculated exhaust gases a complex system is necessary to get a freedom in control possibilities: duel loop exhaust gas recirculated systems supplemented with supporter valves on the intake or on the exhaust side. In this paper a pressure and mass flow rate based control oriented engine model will be presented which contains high and low pressure exhaust gas recirculation systems and both of them are supported by exhaust brakes. The model considers four balance volumes and it has five state variables. The model is validated by an engine dyno measurements on a medium duty Diesel engine.

scholarly journals Effect of butanol on fuel consumption and smoke emission of direct injection diesel engine fueled by jatropha oil and diesel fuel blends with cold EGR system

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Syarifudin ◽  
Syaiful ◽  
Eflita Yohana
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine

Diesel engines are widely used in industry, automotive, power generation due to better reliability and higher efficiency. However, diesel engines produce high smoke emissions. The main problem of diesel engine is actually the use of fossil fuels as a source of energy whose availability is diminishing. Therefore alternative fuels for diesel fuels such as jatropha and butanol are needed to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In this study, the effect of butanol usage on fuel consumption and smoke emissions of direct injection diesel engine fueled by jatropha oil and diesel fuel with cold EGR system was investigated. The percentage of butanol was in the range of 5 to 15%, jatropha oil was in the range of 10 to 30% and the balance was diesel fuel. Cold EGR was varied through valve openings from 0 to 100% with 25% intervals. The experimental data shows that the BSFC value increases with increasing percentage of butanol. In addition, the use of EGR results in a higher increase of BSFC than that without EGR. While the addition of butanol into a blend of jatropha oil and diesel fuel causes a decrease in smoke emissions. The results also informed that the use of EGR in the same fuel blend led to increased smoke emissions.

scholarly journals Study on the Greenhouse Gases Generated by the Direct Injection Diesel Engines Running on Biodiesel

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-621
Author(s):  
Doru Coşofreţ ◽  
Cătălin Popa ◽  
Marian Ristea
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption

Abstract The formation of CO2 emissions is largely dependent on the carbon content of the fuel used in diesel engines and on the fuel consumption. The mixture of biodiesel in fossil fuels is in line with most of the research presented in the specialty literature, a method of reducing CO2 emissions from diesel engines. Due to these controversies on the obtained results, the research of the biodiesel effects blended with fossil fuels is still a matter of study. Therefore, a laboratory study has been conducted on a naturally aspirated 4-stroke diesel engine, using different mixtures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50%) of diesel with biodiesel produced from oil rape. The results of the study revealed the fact that CO2 emissions of the blends used are lower than the same emissions produced when powering the engine with diesel fuel. Furthermore, of all blends used in the study, the 15% biodiesel mixture in diesel fuel was marked by a major decrease of CO2 emissions and of specific fuel consumption.

scholarly journals The efficiency engine – cost-effective alternative to downsizing

2012 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Michael WEISSBÄCK ◽  
Mike HOWLETT ◽  
Norbert AUSSERHOFER ◽  
Stefan KRAPF
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Moderate Power ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Efficiency Engine

As an alternative to the familiar option of downsizing diesel engines, AVL has developed the so-called efficiency engine in collaboration with Renault. Because of the engine’s moderate power density, its peak pressure requirements are lower in some areas than those of turbocharged gasoline engines. Consequently, its mechanical friction and fuel consumption can be significantly reduced, as the comparison with a conventional and a downsized diesel engine demonstrates.

Simulation of Combustion in a DI Diesel Engine Operating on Biodiesel Blends

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshav S. Varde ◽  
Shubha K. Veeramachineni
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
The Impact

There has been considerable interest in recent years in using blends of petroleum diesel and biodiesels in diesel engines. Some of the interests arise in making use of renewable fuels, or in reducing dependency on imported fossil fuels and, in some cases, to provide economic boost to agricultural industry. It is believed that substitution of a small amount of biodiesel for petroleum diesel can reduce the import of fuel and help in trade balance. Biodiesels, whether derived from vegetable oils or animal fat, have many properties that align with those of petroleum diesel. This makes biodiesel a good candidate for blending it in small quantities with petroleum diesel. Studies have shown biodiesel blends to work well in diesel engines. However, experimental investigations of biodiesel blends have shown some discrepancies in engine thermal efficiency and emissions of NOx. A combustion simulation model for diesel engine may help to understand some of the differences in engine performance when different fuels are used. This paper deals with an existing simulation model that was applied to a diesel engine operating on biodiesel blends. The model was a modified version of GT-Power that was specifically modified to fit the test engine. The model was calibrated using a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, DI diesel engine operating on ultra-low sulfur (ULSD) diesel. It was used to predict engine performance when operating on different blends of soy biodiesel and ULSD. The simulation utilized detailed physical and chemical properties of the blends to predict cylinder pressures, fuel consumption, and emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Comparison between predicted and experimental values showed good correlations. The predicted trends in fuel consumption, emissions of NOx and smoke showed comparable trends. The model allows the user to change fuel properties to assess the impact of variations in blend composition on exhaust emissions. This paper discusses comparisons between the predicted and experimental results and how fuel composition can possibly impact NOx emissions.

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