scholarly journals Preliminary tests on dual fuel spark ignition engine fuelled with methanol and gasoline

2008 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Zdzisław STELMASIAK ◽  
Jerzy LARISCH ◽  
Janusz SEMIKOW
Keyword(s):  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Advantageous Effect ◽  
Valve Area

The paper presents a fuel system of a dual fuel spark ignition engine with a multipoint methanol and gasoline injection into the inlet valve area. The engine is fitted with double electronically controlled injectors. The system allows the engine operation on gasoline and methanol separately as well as combustion of the mixture of both fuels of any given alcohol content. The preliminary tests have been performed on a 4-cylinder spark ignition engine – Fiat 1100. The paper presents comparative results of the tests of an engine fuelled with gasoline and methanol. The performed tests showed an advantageous effect on the engine efficiency, the level of nitric oxides and hydrocarbons in the exhaust. A quick combustion of methanol increases the thermal load of the engine, which in turn may lead to an improper operation of the ignition system.

scholarly journals The possibilities of improvement of spark ignition engine efficiency through dual fueling of methanol and gasoline

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Zdzisław STELMASIAK ◽  
Janusz SEMIKOW
Keyword(s):  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Intake Valve ◽  
Fuel Feed ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Methanol Content ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Dual Fueling

The paper presents the results of the investigations into a dual fuel spark ignition multipoint methanol/gasoline injection engine where the injection is realized into the area of the intake valve. The engine fuel feed was realized through a prototype intake system having double electronically controlled injectors. The here used system can feed the engine with gasoline and methanol separately and the combustion of the mixture of the said fuels with any given methanol content. The test were performed on a 4-cylinder spark ignition engine (Fiat 1100 MPI). The paper presents the comparative results of the efficiency of the dual fuelled engine at variable methanol content. The investigations revealed an advantageous influence of methanol addition on the engine efficiency, particularly for higher methanol content and higher loads.

scholarly journals Numerical Study of Engine Performance and Emissions for Port Injection of Ammonia into a Gasoline\Ethanol Dual-Fuel Spark Ignition Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Farhad Salek ◽  
Meisam Babaie ◽  
Amin Shakeri ◽  
Seyed Vahid Hosseini ◽  
Timothy Bodisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Hc Emissions

This study aims to investigate the effect of the port injection of ammonia on performance, knock and NOx emission across a range of engine speeds in a gasoline/ethanol dual-fuel engine. An experimentally validated numerical model of a naturally aspirated spark-ignition (SI) engine was developed in AVL BOOST for the purpose of this investigation. The vibe two zone combustion model, which is widely used for the mathematical modeling of spark-ignition engines is employed for the numerical analysis of the combustion process. A significant reduction of ~50% in NOx emissions was observed across the engine speed range. However, the port injection of ammonia imposed some negative impacts on engine equivalent BSFC, CO and HC emissions, increasing these parameters by 3%, 30% and 21%, respectively, at the 10% ammonia injection ratio. Additionally, the minimum octane number of primary fuel required to prevent knock was reduced by up to 3.6% by adding ammonia between 5 and 10%. All in all, the injection of ammonia inside a bio-fueled engine could make it robust and produce less NOx, while having some undesirable effects on BSFC, CO and HC emissions.

scholarly journals Performance Small Spark Ignition Engine Using Producer Gas From Coal Gasification: Dual Fuel Operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Fajri Vidian ◽  
Abdul Kholis
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Shaft Power ◽  
Power Operation

This study proposed a dual fuel operation of a mix of gasoline and producer gas from coal gasification on the spark ignition engine. The experiment was carried out on a constant load with variations in speed for single fuel operation of gasoline and dual fuel operation of a mix of gasoline and producer gas to see the influence on speed, torque, power, and braking (effective pressure). The power produced was compared to power produced by the single fuel of producer gas that has been reported in the literature. The result shows an increase of speed would increase torque, power, and braking (effective pressure) for single fuel operation of gasoline and dual fuel operation of a mix of gasoline and producer gas. The power operation of dual fuel of a mix of and gasoline and producer gas will decrease by about 10.9% compared to operation of single fuel of gasoline, and the power operation of the single fuel of producer gas will decrease by about 20% compared to the operation of the single fuel of gasoline. The maximum shaft power produced by dual fuel operation is 1.49 kW at a load of 5 kg and a speed of about 3,500 rpm.

Combustion, Knock and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas Fuelled Spark Ignition Engine with Particular Reference to Low Intake Temperature Conditions

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Karim ◽  
I. A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Ignition Limits ◽  
Combustion Knock

For various fuel-air mixtures and different compression ratios, the intake temperature was varied over the entire range of ***200°F (366K) down to − 100°F (200K) when employing a single cylinder spark ignited research engine fuelled with natural gas. Performance data such as knock and ignition limits the nature and extent of exhaust emission and chamber pressure cyclic variation were obtained. Means were then suggested for the interpretation of the above mentioned data in terms of engine operation on liquefied natural gas. The experimental work confirmed in general the attractive features of the use of natural gas as a fuel in a spark ignition engine operated under extremely cold intake temperature conditions and that emissions of pollutants were not significantly increased.

Effects of Blending Gasoline With Ethanol and Butanol on Engine Efficiency and Emissions Using a Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Cooney ◽  
Thomas Wallner ◽  
Steve McConnell ◽  
Jeffrey C. Gillen ◽  
Clint Abell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Advanced Biofuels ◽  
Engine Calibration ◽  
Combustion Behavior ◽  
Test Engine

The new U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard requires an increase of ethanol and advanced biofuels to 36 billion gallons by 2022. Due to its high octane number, renewable character and minimal toxicity, ethanol was believed to be one of the most favorable alternative fuels to displace gasoline in spark-ignited engines. However, ethanol fuel results in a substantial reduction in vehicle range when compared to gasoline. In addition, ethanol is fully miscible in water which requires blending at distribution sites instead of the refinery. Butanol, on the other hand, has an energy density comparable to gasoline and lower affinity for water than ethanol. Butanol has recently received increased attention due to its favorable fuel properties as well as new developments in production processes. The advantageous properties of butanol warrant a more in-depth study on the potential for butanol to become a significant component of the advanced biofuels mandate. This study evaluates the combustion behavior, performance, as well as the regulated engine-out emissions of ethanol and butanol blends with gasoline. Two of the butanol isomers; 1-butanol as well as iso-butanol, were tested as part of this study. The evaluation includes gasoline as a baseline, as well as various ethanol/gasoline and butanol/gasoline blends up to a volume blend ratio of 85% of the oxygenated fuel. The test engine is a spark ignition, direct-injection, (SIDI), four-cylinder test engine equipped with pressure transducers in each cylinder. These tests were designed to evaluate a scenario in terms of using these alcohol blends in an engine calibrated for pump gasoline operation. Therefore no modifications to the engine calibration were performed. Following this analysis of combustion behavior and emissions with the base engine calibration, future studies will include detailed heat release analysis of engine operation without exhaust gas recirculation. Also, knock behavior of the different fuel blends will be studied along with unregulated engine out emissions.

scholarly journals Quantitative, time-resolved detection of CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations in flows for injection analysis in CNG engines using IR absorption

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Bauke ◽  
Kai Golibrzuch ◽  
Frank Rotter ◽  
Hainer Wackerbarth ◽  
Olaf Thiele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Ir Absorption ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Inlet Manifold

Abstract. The reduction of CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions is an important driving force for the development of modern engines. Especially in the transport sector, the use of alternative fuels like methane, the main component of compressed natural gas (CNG), is an applied measure to achieve this goal. This work describes the development of an optical measurement system for accurate quantification of CH4 densities in gas flows based on broadband absorption of infrared light, i.e. non-dispersive IR absorption spectroscopy (NDIR). We demonstrate the capability of the system to achieve high time resolution as well as high measurement accuracy and precision. The optical set-up of the system is designed for usage at the inlet manifold of CNG-fuelled spark ignition engines. It allows for detailed analysis of the mixture formation during single engine cycles. CH4 densities can be determined by monitoring the infrared light attenuation around 3.3 µm caused by the ν3 anti-symmetric C–H-stretch vibration. We calculate the nonlinear relation between transmittance and CH4 density from absorption cross sections calculated from the HITRAN database. The theoretical transmittance signals are corrected for spectral influences of the bandpass filter, the detector sensitivity, the fibre transmittance and the emission spectrum of the light source in order to calculate CH4 densities directly from the measured transmittance. A calibration function corrects remaining differences between experimental and simulated values and improves the accuracy. We show that the sensor system is capable for determination of air–fuel ratios (λ-values) and demonstrate the dynamic quantification of a CH4 injection into a flow channel under various flow conditions. Furthermore, we present the first measurements with a prototype probe capable of measurements inside the inlet manifold of a four-stroke spark ignition engine. We validate the detection strategy in experiments with premixed gases using a modified inlet geometry and demonstrate its application under standard engine operation with port fuel injection while varying the injection parameters.

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