MPCs through COVID: spending, saving and private transfers

Abstract From our evolutionary past, humans inherited a long period of child dependency, extensive intergenerational transfers to children, cooperative breeding, and social sharing of food. Older people continued to transfer a surplus to the young. After the agricultural revolution, population densities grew making land and residences valuable assets controlled by older people, leading to their reduced labor supply which made them net consumers. In some East Asian societies today, elders are supported by adult children but in most societies the elderly continue to make private net transfers to their children out of asset income or public pensions. Growing public intergenerational transfers have crowded out private transfers. In some high-income countries, the direction of intergenerational flows has reversed from downward to upwards, from young to old. Nonetheless, net private transfers remain strongly downward, from older to younger, everywhere in the world. For many but not all countries, projected population aging will bring fiscal instability unless there are major program reforms. However, in many countries population aging will reduce the net cost to adults of private transfers to children, partially offsetting the increased net costs to working age adults for public transfers to the elderly.

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Analysis of private transfers with panel fixed-effect censored model estimator

Economics Letters ◽

10.1016/s0165-1765(03)00083-1 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 233-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sung Jin Kang ◽

Myoung-jae Lee

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effect ◽

Private Transfers

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Social Security and Private Transfers in Developing Countries: The Case of Peru

The World Bank Economic Review ◽

10.1093/wber/6.1.155 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 155-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Donald Cox ◽

Emmanuel Jimenez

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Social Security ◽

Private Transfers

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On the Taxation of Private Transfers

10.3386/w15818 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Louis Kaplow

Keyword(s):

Private Transfers

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Association of health-related private transfers with treatment compliance of musculoskeletal disorders in the rural elderly: evidence from an underdeveloped region of China

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-020-03760-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chaoyang Yan ◽

Aichun Li ◽

Qin Xiang ◽

Jing Wang

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Filial Piety ◽

Rural China ◽

Treatment Compliance ◽

Formal Support ◽

Health Related ◽

The Relationship ◽

Private Transfers

Abstract Background The prevalence and economic burdens of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are serious in rural China. In addition to formal support, health-related private transfers (HRPTs), including adult children transfers (ACTs), as well as relatives and friends transfers (RFTs), are very common in rural China. We explored the relationship between HRPTs and MSD treatment compliance and the heterogeneity of this relationship in terms of family socioeconomic status. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out in Enshi, Hubei, China by stratified random sampling in July 15–25,2018. A total of 2679 questionnaires on the economic burden of chronic diseases were collected. We deleted two questionnaires with missing data. The data was described using the mean and proportion. The Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA was used to compare each independent variable in the three groups, and ordered probit regression was used to analyse the relationship between each factor and treatment compliance. The heterogeneity of the effect was examined by group regression analysis of the samples with or without poverty. Results In total, 853 samples with MSD were included in the analysis. The age was 70.27 ± 6.97 (mean +/− sd) years old, and the ADL was 11.64 ± 0.12, with more respondents being female (56.15%), partnered (73.51%), primary school educated (45.96%), working (57.91%), feeling poor in health (55.69%), lived alone or with a spouse (54.75%). Respondents with both ACTs and RFTs had better treatment compliance, and this was significant only in poor populations (p < 0.05). Under the same HRPTs’ condition, respondents who more compliant with MSD treatment were female (p < 0.01), had primary school education (p < 0.05), has self-reported poor (p < 0.01) and very poor (p < 0.05) health, had a high level of physical disability (p < 0.01), and were living with their children and grandchildren (p < 0.05). Respondents with more chronic diseases had poorer treatment compliance (p < 0.05). Conclusions Only those in poverty who both have ACTs and RFTs are likely to have better treatment compliance for MSD. Promoting a culture of filial piety and fostering harmonious interpersonal relationships, policies that focus on groups that lack social support, and general formal support are essential for sustained access to treatment for MSD.

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