scholarly journals Constructing full adult life-cycles from short panels

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Shaw ◽  
Peter Levell
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Life Cycles

Geographic intraspecific variation in buoyancy within Antarctic notothenioid fishes

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Near ◽  
Christopher D. Jones ◽  
Joseph T. Eastman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Significance ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
West Antarctica ◽  
Pleuragramma Antarcticum ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Neutrally Buoyant ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractWe investigated intraspecific geographic variation in buoyancy by obtaining percentage buoyancy (%B) measurements for the Antarctic notothenioid speciesPleuragramma antarcticum,Trematomus hansoni,T. bernacchiiandGymnodraco acuticepsfrom both McMurdo Sound in East Antarctica and the South Shetland Islands in West Antarctica. Mean percentage buoyancies in these species ranged from 0.22–0.52% in the neutrally buoyantP. antarcticumto 3.34–3.67% in the benthicT. bernacchii. Dispersion (1 standard deviation) of percentage buoyancy (%B) values around the mean was ± 0.2–0.5 %B units for the entire sample. Although intraspecific differences in mean percentage buoyancy were statistically significant (P < 0.05) inP. antarcticumandT. hansoni, we consider these differences as normal variation without substantive biological significance. The dispersion in buoyancy measurements during adult life reflects the density of the fish and this may be influenced, in both the short- and long-term, by gut contents, nutritional condition, and reproductive state. Mitigation of the effects of these variables is not biologically realistic because they constitute normal aspects of the daily and yearly life cycles. The results of our measurements of buoyancy are consistent with what is known about the ecology of these four species and this is considered in the discussion.

scholarly journals Persistence of an extracellular systemic infection across metamorphosis in a holometabolous insect

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 20170771 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Duneau ◽  
Brian P. Lazzaro
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Holometabolous Insect ◽  
Complete Metamorphosis

Organisms with complex life cycles can differ markedly in their biology across developmental life stages. Consequently, distinct life stages can represent drastically different environments for parasites. This difference is especially striking with holometabolous insects, which have dramatically different larval and adult life stages, bridged by a complete metamorphosis. There is no a priori guarantee that a parasite infecting the larval stage would be able to persist into the adult stage. In fact, to our knowledge, transstadial transmission of extracellular pathogens has never been documented in a host that undergoes complete metamorphosis. We tested the hypothesis that a bacterial parasite originally sampled from an adult host could infect a larva, then survive through metamorphosis and persist into the adult stage. As a model, we infected the host Drosophila melanogaster with a horizontally transmitted, extracellular bacterial pathogen, Providencia rettgeri . We found that this natural pathogen survived systemic infection of larvae (L3) and successfully persisted into the adult host. We then discuss how it may be adaptive for bacteria to transverse life stages and even minimize virulence at the larval stage in order to benefit from adult dispersal.

MODIFICATIONS IN THE CALLING BEHAVIOUR OF PSEUDALETIA VNIPUNCTA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), INDUCED BY TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS DURING PUPAL AND ADULT DEVELOPMENT

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1015-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean J. Turgeon ◽  
Jeremy N. McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Calling Behaviour ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe age at which Pseudaletia unipuncta females initiated calling varied with temperatures experienced during pupal and adult stages. Entrainment was induced by temperatures during pupal development if similar to or lower than temperatures during adult life. However, adult temperatures were of major importance if lower than those experienced during pupal development. These observations were generally supported by data from field experiments repeated at different periods of the summer. The possibility that entrainment occurs at a specific period of development is proposed to explain certain field observations.Changes in mean onset time of calling and the time spent calling also varied, although generally not in the same manner as reported for other species. Differences in the life cycles, particularly the site of pupation, are proposed to explain these discrepancies.

scholarly journals Constructing Full Adult Life-cycles from Short Panels

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Levell ◽  
Jonathan Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Life Cycles

The Female Life Course: Life Situations and Perception of Control

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean A. Steitz
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Personal Efficacy ◽  
Indirect Control ◽  
Perception Of Control ◽  
Study Results ◽  
And Gender

The adult life course can be divided into socially defined age status periods differentiated not only by members' chronological age, but also by their experience within the family and work life cycles and degree of socially accorded rights, power, and privilege. The effects of individuals' social age status (adolescence, adulthood, retired adulthood) and gender on subjective perception of control and personal efficacy in familiar life situations from three domains (work, home, school) are examined within a multivariate cohort study. Results indicate that the adults, regardless of gender, perceived the greatest direct personal control or indirect control through the ability to influence powerful others. The adult females perceived a greater degree of influence on powerful others than adolescent or retired females, but the same as males of any age status period. The implications of these results for the female life course are discussed.

Adult Life Cycles and Teaching

1977 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Don Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Life Cycles

The demography of terrestrial orchids: life history, population dynamics and conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P Shefferson ◽  
Hans Jacquemyn ◽  
Tiiu Kull ◽  
Michael J Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Terrestrial orchid life-cycles are complex and dependent on pollinators and mycorrhizal associates. Worldwide, orchid populations are declining because of urbanization, atmospheric nitrogen deposition and climate change. To advance understanding of the factors determining orchid population viability, we review knowledge about orchid demography, life histories and population dynamics. Orchids can produce thousands of seeds, although few survive to reach maturity, with mortality rates declining from juvenile to adult life states. Flowering and fruiting rates vary widely between years, and many populations, especially of deceptive species, are pollen- and seed-limited. Many species have long lifespans and periods of vegetative dormancy and exhibit costs associated with reproduction, sprouting, vegetative dormancy, growth and size. Population growth rates range from 0.50–2.92 (mean: 0.983 ± 0.026). Although vital rates can fluctuate widely between years and be strongly correlated, these correlations have little impact on population dynamics. Variation in spatial density of fungi and microsite quality, limited dispersal and competition generate density dependence in vital rates. Future research should elucidate the roles of biotic and abiotic factors on population dynamics to underpin effective management for conservation. Understanding the impact of idiosyncratic individual plant behaviour on population dynamics will also improve demographic parameter estimation, including population growth rate and net reproductive rate.

Review of Bereavement: Studies of Grief in Adult Life.

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
CHARLES R. STROTHER
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life

Interdisciplinary Adult Life Span Learning (Really!)

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-591
Author(s):  
Barbara R. Bjorklund
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adult Life Span

Emotion experience and expression across the adult life span: Insights from a multimodal assessment study.

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Magai ◽  
Nathan S. Consedine ◽  
Yulia S. Krivoshekova ◽  
Elizabeth Kudadjie-Gyamfi ◽  
Renee McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Multimodal Assessment ◽  
Emotion Experience ◽  
Assessment Study
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