scholarly journals Consumer Demand System Estimation and Value Added Tax Reforms in the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Jansky
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Consumer Demand System ◽  
Demand System Estimation

scholarly journals VAT Gap Estimation and Influence of Selected Methods of Financial Administration on its Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Lukáš Moravec ◽  
Jana Hinke ◽  
Monika Borsiczká
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tax Gap ◽  
Tax Fraud ◽  
Financial Administration

Abstract The aim of this contribution is to quantify the influence of selected methods on elimination of value added tax gap in the Czech Republic within the researched period 2015–2016. To find a possible share of influence of the VAT control statement on tax fraud following priority methods were set: VAT control statement invitation, initiatives from pairing check reports, tax checking and procedures for doubt removal. By quantifying these methods, the values of theoretical benefits are measured and further compared with value added tax gap within the researched period. To set the VAT gap estimation a method was used that calculates via cleaning gross domestic product based on the database of national accounts. By using this approach it was found out that with the influence of selected methods of financial administration there was a tax gap decrease in 2015 by 5.54% and for 2016 by 4.00%.

scholarly journals How to Avoid the Usual Price Rule on the Fuel Market in the Czech Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-355
Author(s):  
Pavel Semerád
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Specific Measure ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Price Rule ◽  
Measure Methods ◽  
Free Shipping

The paper deals with value added tax evasions on the fuel market in the Czech Republic. This commodity is used in carousel fraud. In the chains of taxpayers there are missing traders who fail to meet their tax obligations. Their business strategy is based on quick sales at unusually low prices which do not allow honest parties to compete. Tax administrators should focus on unusual prices which constitute a higher probability of tax evasions. This paper aims to verify whether or not there are ways to evade the measure, focusing specifically on applying methods which could help achieve lower sales prices while avoiding the possibility to require unpaid tax from the recipients of taxable supply. The weaknesses thus found are described and demonstrated in more detail in the paper. During a research some ways were found which could be used for avoiding this specific measure. Methods of Cash Back and Free Shipping were identified and described.

scholarly journals   Distribution of the increased tax burden for agricultural products and food  in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
P. David
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Reduced Rate

The article determines the transfer rate of tax burden to the buyers of agricultural products and food consumer in the most recent major change in the reduced rates of value added tax in the Czech Republic in late 2007 and 2008. At the same time, it identifies the size of the portion of the increased tax burden which agricultural producers and sellers of food carry, after the increase in the reduced rate of VAT in the Czech Republic. The possible future changes in this field are considered on the basis of determining the values of the distribution of the increased tax burden. It also includes the determination of the indicator of change in the selling prices of agricultural products and food in the increase of the reduced rate of VAT in the Czech Republic. In 2008, the buyers of agricultural products carried a considerable part of the increased tax burden and food buyers were burdened by significantly more than just b an increased tax burden of the reduced rate of the value added tax. The growth in prices of agricultural products in the given period corresponded to the growth of the tax burden. Food prices doubled compared to the increase in the tax burden. These results should be considered when planning future changes in the field of the rates of VAT in the Czech Republic.  

scholarly journals Impact of permanent sales discounts on value added tax revenues: Case of basic food in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Mikhail Krivko ◽  
Lukaš Moravec ◽  
Daniela Šálková ◽  
Luboš Smutka ◽  
Gabriela Kukalová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tax Revenues

scholarly journals A nutritional goods and a complete consumer demand system estimation for South Africa using actual price data

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Louis Van Oordt
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Demand Systems ◽  
Price Data ◽  
Consumer Demand System ◽  
Expenditure Data ◽  
Demand System Estimation ◽  
Actual Price

Empirical analysis of South African indirect tax policy reform and the welfare consequences of such reform has been limited by a lack of reliable consumer demand system estimations. One reason for potentially unreliable demand estimations is not using actual price data in estimation. In this paper, the results of a nutritional goods demand system estimation and a complete demand system estimation are reported. Both systems were estimated with the use of the quadratic almost ideal demand system (QUAIDS) model incorporating demographic variables and using actual price and expenditure data. Subsequent to estimations, expenditure, own and cross-price elasticities of demand were calculated for both demand systems. The coefficients estimated provided largely statistical significant results and all elasticities calculated seem plausible in sign and magnitude.

scholarly journals Value Added Tax Gap in the Czech Republic

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1427-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Stavjaňová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tax Gap ◽  
Government Deficit ◽  
The Government ◽  
Maastricht Criteria

The paper deals with an estimation of tax evasion of value added tax in the Czech Republic during 2006–2012. For the estimation I have used the concept of tax gap which is based on a comparison of the theoretical tax liability in the economy with the actual tax receipts. According to my results the VAT gap in the Czech Republic gradually increased during the observed period and it is more than CZK 100 billion in the last three years. The most significant growth of VAT gap occurred between the years 2007 and 2008 and between 2011 and 2012 when the reduced VAT rate was increased by 4 percentage points. The second part of the paper focuses on impact of my estimates on tax policy of the Czech Republic. I discuss two different possibilities how the additional revenue gained from VAT gap reduction could be used – either to decrease the government deficit and therefore to meet the Maastricht criteria or to decrease tax burden on labour which influences particularly low income workers.

scholarly journals Analysis of the development of the economic account for agriculture of the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
J. Klíma ◽  
M. Palát Sn
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Production Output ◽  
Net Value Added

The paper is focused on assessing the development of the economic account for agriculture of the Czech Republic in the selected reference period 1998–2003. There were evaluated effects of the particular types of the economic accounts. Methods of regression and correlation analysis and development trends were used for the mathematical-statistical analysis. The plant production output similarly as the output of agricultural industry show an increasing tendency since the period under investigation reaching a peak about 2001 and in next years decreasing in difference to the gross value added at basic prices and the net value added at basic prices which shows an increasing trend throughout the period. Both animal output and the agricultural services output show a decreasing trend reaching a minimum about 2002. 

scholarly journals A Modern Industrial Policy for the Czech Republic: Optimizing the Structure of Production

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 3095
Author(s):  
Maria Markaki ◽  
Stelios Papadakis ◽  
Anna Putnová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Restructuring Process

The decreased demand for new vehicles will put pressure on the economy of the Czech Republic, a country deeply integrated into global value chains, as part of global vehicle production. The aim of this research was to define an appropriate industrial policy for the Czech Republic that will ensure that the country maintains its competitive position in the global market. A constrained optimization model was built, based on input–output analysis, to determine the optimal value-added structure and the intersectoral structure of the Czech economy for the country to retain its exporting character. The optimization problem was solved by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results suggest that the optimal industrial policy plan for the country is the structural transformation of production, mainly targeting the development of technologically advanced sectors of manufacturing (such as: chemicals and chemical products; basic pharmaceutical products; computer, electronic, and optical products; electrical equipment; and machinery and equipment). The suggested restructuring process increased the domestic value-added in gross exports as a share of total exports by 6.77%, creating optimal production capabilities for the economy. The Czech Republic appears to have the potential for the implementation of an industrial policy, avoiding the increasingly vulnerable motor-vehicle sector.

scholarly journals Tax Revenue, Tax Reform and Government Expenditure: The Case of Nigerian Economy (1994 – 2017)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Chinedu Jonathan Ndubuisi ◽  
Onyekachi Louis Ezeokwelume ◽  
Ruth Onyinyechi Maduka
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Excise Duties

The objective of this study is to empirically investigate the effect of tax revenue and years tax reforms on government expenditure in Nigerian. Tax revenue were explained using custom and excise duties, company income tax, value-added tax and tax reforms explained by the years in which reforms took place measured by dummy variables as proxies. In conducting this research, an annual time series data from central bank statistical bulletins and Federal Inland revenue Service of Nigeria spanning from 1994-2017 were employed. The data were tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dicker-Fuller Unit Root Test and found stationary at first difference. The Johansen co-integration test was also conducted and showed that the variables are co-integrated at the 5% level, which implied that there is a long-run relationship between the variables in the model. The presence of co-integration spurred the use of vector error correction model and VEC granger causality to determine the effects and decision for the study objective. Findings revealed that Customs and Excise Duties has positive (3.96) and significant (-8.38) impact on government expenditure at 5% level of significance (t=8.38>1.96), Company Income Tax has negative (-1.25) and significant (2.98) impact on government expenditure at 5% level of significance (t=2.98>1.96), Value added tax has positive (8.54) and significant (3.90) impact on government expenditure at 5% level of significance (t=3.90>1.96) and Tax reforms periods has negative(-3.52E+12) and significant (8.39) impact on government expenditure at 5% level of significance (t=8.39>1.96). The study thus concluded that tax revenue and tax reforms significantly affect the Nigerian economy with the direction of causation running from government revenue to government expenditure, supporting the revenue-spend or tax-spend hypothesis.  It was recommended while seeking to increase its revenue base via tax should also increase their expenditure profile to create a balance with the tax revenue and every other tax reform should be geared towards this balance.

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