scholarly journals Surveillance de l'incidence de la trypanosome chez les bovins pendant les lâchers de mouches tsé-tsé stérilisées sur l'île d'Unguja, à Zanzibar

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Dyck ◽  
H. Pan ◽  
S. S. Kassim ◽  
F. W. Suleiman ◽  
W. A. Mussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Glossina Austeni

L'incidence de la trypanosomose chez des bovins sentinelles sur l'île d'Unguja à Zanzibar a été contrôlée tous les deux à cinq mois entre 1994 et 1997 afin d'observer les changements dans la transmission de la maladie, logiquement attribuables à l'application d'insecticides, aux lâchers de mouches tsé-tsé stérilisées (Glossina austeni Newstead) et à la diminution consécutive, jusqu'à l'éradication, de la population naturelle de glossines. Deux techniques parasitologiques (centrifugation microhématocrite et examen du buffy coat) ont été utilisées pour surveiller l'incidence de la maladie due à Trypanosoma congolense Broden et à T. vivax Ziemann. T. congolense et T. vivax ont été détectés en 1994 et en 1995 mais, par la suite, seul T. vivax a été observé. En 1997, l'incidence de la trypanosomose bovine n'était plus que de 0,1 p. 100. Elle n'a manifestement pas augmenté après les lâchers de mouches tsé-tsé mâles stérilisées et traitées au chlorure d'isométamidium.

Livestock trypanosomiasis, owners’ perception and search for human gambiense parasite in cattle and sheep in remote communities of Iseyin, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
F.N.C. Enwezor ◽  
R.T. Emmanuel ◽  
R.L. Bizi ◽  
T.O. Olanrewaju ◽  
M.A. Kugama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Cattle Rearing ◽  
Ocular Discharge

The study assessed livestock for human and animal infective trypanosomes in seven remote communities of Iseyin, Oyo State, Nigeria. Blood samples collected at random from 330 cattle and 20 sheep were examined using the buffy coat technique and Leishman stained thin film. Packed cell volume and differential leukocyte counts were determined and interviews conducted. Animals examined showed clinical symptoms; emaciation (2%), rough hair coat (0.57%), body weakness (3.14%), ocular discharge (1.43%), dermatophylosis (0.57%) and ticks (0.57%). Leishman stained thin blood films indicated 34 cattle (9.71%) infected with Trypanosoma congolense, 0% infection in sheep and 100% slides positive for Anaplasma and Babesia parasites with no Trypanosoma brucei species. Anaemia was recorded in male cattle between 1year and 10 years old and was statistically significant (p<0.05). Acute inflammatory responses revealed by  neutrophilia, lymphocytopaenia and lymphocytosis; 21.81%, 1.51% and 10% respectively in cattle suggested underlying bacterial orparasitic infections. All (100%) herdsmen confirmed presence of tsetse and other biting flies in bush and canopies around water bodies and stated observable signs and symptoms of trypanosomiasis (samore) which could wipe off the whole herd if untreated. Risk of trypanosome infection remained high as long as the old systems of cattle rearing exist; and urinary schistosomiasis and intestinal ailments due to lack of access to clean and portable water. Keywords: Livestock;Trypanosoma congolense; Trypanosoma brucei species;Iseyin; Nigeria

scholarly journals Vector competence of Glossina austeni and Glossina brevipalpis for Trypanosoma congolense in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makhosazana Motloang ◽  
Justin Masumu ◽  
Barend Mans ◽  
Peter Van den Bossche ◽  
Abdalla Latif
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Glossina Austeni ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Glossina Brevipalpis

Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis (nagana) has been the cause of stock losses in the recent past and still presents a major problem to livestock owners in certain areas of KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa. Over 10 000 cattle mortalities were reported in the 1990 nagana outbreak. Although information on the distribution and abundance of the tsetse flies Glossina brevipalpis and Glossina austeni in KwaZulu-Natal exists, data on their vector competence are lacking. This study aimed to determine the rate of natural Trypanosoma congolense infection by field-collected as well as colony-reared flies of these species. A total of 442 field-collected G. brevipalpis and 40 G. austeni flies were dissected immediately after collection to determine their infection rates, whilst 699 G. brevipalpis and 49 G. austeni flies were fed on susceptible animals in 10 and four batches, respectively, for use in xenodiagnosis experiments. Teneral colony flies were fed on infected animals and dissected 21 days post infection to confirm their infectivity testing. Glossina austeni harboured 8% immature and mature infections. In G. brevipalpis, the infection with the immature stages was lower (1%) and no mature infections were observed. Although all four batches of G. austeni transmitted T. congolense to four susceptible animals, no transmission resulted from 10 batches of G. brevipalpis fed on susceptible cattle. Colony-derived G. austeni (534) and G. brevipalpis (882) were fed on four bovines infected with different T. congolense isolates. Both G. austeni and G. brevipalpis acquired trypanosome infection from the bovines, with immature infection ranges of 20% – 33% and 1% – 4%, respectively. Parasites, however, only matured in G. austeni (average = 4%). Glossina austeni plays a larger role in the epidemiology of animal trypanosomosis in KwaZulu-Natal than G. brevipalpis and therefore more focus should be aimed at the former when control measures are implemented.

scholarly journals Evaluation sur le terrain et sur souris de la résistance des trypanosomes des bovins du plateau de l’Adamaoua au Cameroun à l’acéturate de diminazène et au chlorure d’isométamidium

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mamoudou ◽  
A. Zoli ◽  
C. Tanenbe ◽  
J. P. Andrikaye ◽  
Mr. Bourdanne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Risque Relatif

Suite à une enquête dans quelques villages du département de Faro et Déo, le village de Kontcha, qui a présenté la prévalence de la trypanosomose la plus élevée (32,5 p. 100), a été sélectionné afin d’évaluer la résistance des trypanosomes au diminazène et à l’isométamidium. Deux lots de 40 bovins ont été traités au jour 0, l’un au diminazène, l’autre à l’isométamidium. Le statut parasitologique de ces deux lots a été évalué toutes les deux semaines en utilisant la technique du buffy coat pendant une période de deux mois. Chaque animal diagnostiqué positif a été traité au diminazène. Le pourcentage d’animaux infectés par des trypanosomes a été de 32,5 p. 100 dans le lot traité au diminazène et de 27,5 p. 100 dans le lot traité à l’isométamidium. L’analyse de survie ainsi que l’estimation du risque relatif (1,38) ont suggéré une résistance à l’isométamidium et une diminution de l’activité prophylactique de ce produit. Plusieurs animaux traités au diminazène à 7 mg/kg ont été diagnostiqués positifs deux semaines après le traitement, ce qui indiquait également une forte suspicion de résistance à ce trypanocide. Ces résultats du terrain ont été confirmés par le test standardisé sur souris en utilisant six isolats de Trypanosoma congolense provenant des animaux traités. Ces isolats ont été testés au chlorure d’isométamidium (1 mg/kg) et à l’acéturate de diminazène (20 mg/kg) pour établir leur sensibilité. Tous les isolats ont été résistants à au moins un des produits testés, tandis que quatre isolats ont été résistants aux deux produits. Cette étude montre pour la première fois la présence au Cameroun de souches de trypanosomes résistantes aux trypanocides.

Characterization ofTrypanosoma congolenseserodemes in stocks isolated from cattle introduced onto a ranch in Kilifi, Kenya

Parasitology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Masake ◽  
V. M. Nantulya ◽  
A. J. Musoke ◽  
S. K. Moloo ◽  
K. Nguli
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Glossina Austeni

SUMMARYA herd of 20 cattle was introduced on a ranch in Kilifi, Coast Province of Kenya, where they were in contact withGlossina austenifor 6 months. In total, 65 trypanosome isolates were made from these animals. Examination of the isolates revealed that 61 wereTrypanosoma congolenseand 4 wereT. theileri. Out of the 61T. congolenseisolates, 55 were successfully passaged and cloned in mice to provide trypanosome populations for further analyses. The stocks and their clones were inoculated into goats on which teneralG. morsitans centraliswere later fed in order to provide metacyclics for use in serodeme analysis. Identification of serodemes was carried out by indirect immunofluorescence and neutralization using antimetacyclic hyperimmune sera prepared in mice against metacyclics of cloned trypanosome populations. So far 4 serodemes have been identified in 8 stocks and 7 clones. Each of the 9 stocks contained a mixture of at least 2 of the 4 serodemes identified. Furthermore, stocks isolated sequentially from individual animals contained the same serodemes despite repeated treatment with a curative dose (6 mg/kg body weight) of Berenil between isolations. From the latter finding, it can be inferred that the 4 serodemes were present on the ranch throughout the study period.

Ultrastructure of rat alveolar macrophages activated in situ by poly:IC

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 768-769
Author(s):  
A. M. Klinkner ◽  
R. A. Weiss ◽  
A. Kelley ◽  
P. J. Bugelski
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Fischer 344 Rats ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid ◽  
Macrophage Activator ◽  
Endogenous Peroxidase

Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid is an inducer of interferon and a macrophage activator. We have found that intratracheal instillation of polyI:C (IT-pI:C) activates rat bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BAL) for a variety of functions. Examination of Giemsa stained, cytocentrifuge preparations showed that IT-pI:C induced a population of BAL not seen in resident BAL. The morphology of these cells suggested that they might be derived from blood monocytes. To test this hypothesis we have examined several populations of macrophages that had been stained for endogenous peroxidase activity as a marker of cells derived from the monocyte-macrophage lineage.Macrophages were obtained from Fischer 344 rats. Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) were collected by lavage 4 days after i.p. injection of 20 ml 3% thioglycolate. Buffy coat monocytes were separated from venous blood from naive rats.

Buffy Coat

2020 ◽  
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Buffy Coat
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