scholarly journals Situation actuelle de la fièvre catarrhale ovine en Grèce

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
J. Tsakiris ◽  
E. Aronis ◽  
M. Sachsamanoglou ◽  
P. Petridou ◽  
T. Patounis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
East Side ◽  
Culicoides Imicola ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Of Greece

The first incursion of bluetongue (BT) in Greece was in 1979 on Lesvos Island. The disease was caused by serotype 4 (BTV-4), which was endemic in Turkey, with Culicoides imicola the virus vector. Strict measures were applied, preventing the spread of the disease to the rest of the country. In the epidemic of 1998- 2001, four different serotypes invaded Greece: BTV-1, 4, 9 and 16. The vectors were C. imicola and C. obsoletus. In November 2008, the type of virus that invaded Lesvos Island was identified as BTV-16. In few flocks BTV-8 was also identified. In February 2009, seropositive and ribonucleic acid (RNA) positive bovines (BTV-16 again) were detected on Chios Island without clinical disease. In late September 2009, new outbreaks appeared on Lesvos Island caused again by BTV-16. During the recent incur­sion (until December 2009), 132 flocks of sheep and goats were infected. The epidemic began in north-eastern regions of the island and spread from north to south on the island. Sporadic cases occurred on the east side, and the west side seemed BT free. BT clinical signs that were moderate and slightly different from the previous year were observed in sheep but not in cattle. The humidity (after the first rain) and warm weather present at that time in combination with moderate north winds helped the spread of the disease. Culicoides trapping revealed significant numbers of C. imicola. Clinical suspicion of the disease was followed by laboratory confirmation. Serological, virological and molecular biology tests were conducted. Results were con­firmed by the Community Reference laboratory. Appropriate restrictive measures have been taken from 2008 on, in order to protect the other regions of Greece. No clinical signs or seroconversion has been observed at time of writing in the rest of the country.

scholarly journals The first outbreak of brucellosis in the region of Sabac

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 634-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Markovic-Denic ◽  
Vesna Skodric-Trifunovic ◽  
Vladimir Zugic ◽  
Dragana Radojcic ◽  
Goran Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
The Military

Background/Aim. In Serbia brucellosis is a primary disease of the animals in the southern parts of the country. The aim of this study was to describe the first outbreak of human and animal brucellosis in the region of Sabac, Serbia. Methods. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify a source of outbreak and the ways of transmission of brucellosis infection in human population. A descriptive and analytical epidemiological methods (cohort study) were used. Additional data included monthly reports of the infectious diseases from the Institutes of Public Health and data from the Veterinary Specialistic Institute in Sabac. The serological tests for human brucellosis cases were performed in the Laboratory of the Military Medical Academy; laboratory confirmation of animal brucellosis cases was obtained from the reference laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade. Results. Twelve cases of brucellosis were recorded from February 9 to September 1, 2004. Total attack rate was 8.1% (7.5% of males, 14.2% of females). Relative risk (RR) of milk consumption was 8.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.63-13.38), and RR for direct contact with animals was 14 (95% confidence interval: 3.5-55.6). The prevalence of seropositive animals in 33 villages of the Macva region accounted for 0.8%. Regarding animal species, sheep were predominant - 264 (95.7%). Out of a total number of seropositive animals, ELISA results were positive in 228 (88.7%) of them. Conclusion. As contact epidemics generally last longer, it is probable that the implemented measures of outbreak control did reduce the length of their duration.

scholarly journals Rubella outbreak in Poland in 2013 – an analysis of surveillance data at the national and province level

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Dorota Mrozek-Budzyn ◽  
Renata Majewska ◽  
Agnieszka Kiełtyka ◽  
Małgorzata Augustyniak
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation

Abstract Introduction. Poland is a member of the WHO European Region where a complete eradication of measles and rubella is planned to be finished by 2015. Poland accounted for 99% of all reported rubella cases in 27 EU/EEA countries in 2013. It is a good time to evaluate whether the established Polish vaccination strategy was sufficient to reach the goal of rubella elimination in the near future. Aim. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of rubella in Poland when the disease outbreak took place in 2013, to determine the reasons of that situation and to find the solution for future rubella elimination strategies. Material and methods. To analyze the epidemiology of rubella in Poland during the disease outbreak in 2013 the authors used rubella surveillance data collected by the Provincial and National Notifiable Disease Reporting System in 2004-2013. The information at the provincial level derived from one of the 16 provinces (Malopolska). The data on MMR vaccination coverage in 2003-2012 derived from the National Surveillance System. The percentages of rubella cases and vaccine coverage between Poland with Malopolska province were compared. Results. The outbreak started in late 2012 and continued through 2013, when 38548 rubella cases (incidence rate 100.1/ 100 000) were notified. Geographically, rubella cases were reported from the entire country, with the highest incidence rate in Malopolska province (254.9/100 000). Only 5 cases from Malopolska and 120 in whole country were laboratory confirmed, the remaining 99.7% were reported solely on the basis of clinical signs. The vaccination coverage was not sufficient to protect the population against rubella outbreak in Poland, especially among adolescents and young adult males. Conclusions. The strengthening of routine immunization program and implementation of some additional vaccination campaigns in young adults as well as laboratory confirmation of all suspected cases are the challenges that will have to be met to eliminate rubella in Poland

scholarly journals Outbreak of Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia in sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 2593
Author(s):  
Felipe Masiero Salvarani ◽  
Mayane Faccin ◽  
Nayra Fernanda de Queiroz Ramos Freitas ◽  
Mônica Regina de Matos ◽  
Edismair Carvalho Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Spastic Paralysis ◽  
Type D ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Epsilon Toxin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

This work describes the first Brazilian laboratory-confirmed outbreak of enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D in sheep, which occurred in the state of Paraná. We address the epidemiological aspects involved, the diagnostic modalities employed, and the clinical signs and pathological findings observed. Eight healthy pregnant female sheep with no history of vaccination for clostridiosis presented with a history of abrupt feeding changes and neurological manifestations that quickly evolved to illness, coma and death. Four other females with clinical neurological signs were referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Palotina Sector. These animals presented with lethargy, motor incoordination, opisthotonus, pedal movements, muscle tremors, spastic paralysis, bruxism, mandibular trismus, sialorrhea, hyperexcitability and the inability to stand. They were examined and euthanized due to the seriousness of the clinical picture with an unfavorable prognosis. We performed gross anatomical and microscopic analyses of the organs and intestinal contents. We also performed bacterial isolation with molecular typing. From the intestinal contents, we detected toxins by means of the seroneutralization technique in mice. At necropsy, we noted pulmonary edema (2/4), necrotizing enteritis (4/4) and hyperemia of the leptomeninges (1/4). Microscopically, we observed lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia, necrotic enteritis associated with the presence of rods, and nephrosis with interstitial lymphohistiocytic nephritis. No significant brain lesions were observed. Using serum neutralization, we identified epsilon toxin in the intestinal contents of all four animals. C. perfringens type D was identified. Based on the history, clinical signs, postmortem findings, and laboratory confirmation of the presence of epsilon toxin, we concluded that C. perfringens type D enterotoxemia caused this outbreak of sheep deaths.

scholarly journals Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Could They Be Beneficial for the Treatment of COVID-19?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Giorgi ◽  
Silvia Cardarelli ◽  
Federica Ragusa ◽  
Michele Saliola ◽  
Stefano Biagioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pde Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Hydrolyzing Enzymes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Restrictive Measures

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection to be a pandemic disease. SARS-CoV2 was first identified in China and, despite the restrictive measures adopted, the epidemic has spread globally, becoming a pandemic in a very short time. Though there is growing knowledge of the SARS-CoV2 infection and its clinical manifestations, an effective cure to limit its acute symptoms and its severe complications has not yet been found. Given the worldwide health and economic emergency issues accompanying this pandemic, there is an absolute urgency to identify effective treatments and reduce the post infection outcomes. In this context, phosphodiesterases (PDEs), evolutionarily conserved cyclic nucleotide (cAMP/cGMP) hydrolyzing enzymes, could emerge as new potential targets. Given their extended distribution and modulating role in nearly all organs and cellular environments, a large number of drugs (PDE inhibitors) have been developed to control the specific functions of each PDE family. These PDE inhibitors have already been used in the treatment of pathologies that show clinical signs and symptoms completely or partially overlapping with post-COVID-19 conditions (e.g., thrombosis, inflammation, fibrosis), while new PDE-selective or pan-selective inhibitors are currently under study. This review discusses the state of the art of the different pathologies currently treated with phosphodiesterase inhibitors, highlighting the numerous similarities with the disorders linked to SARS-CoV2 infection, to support the hypothesis that PDE inhibitors, alone or in combination with other drugs, could be beneficial for the treatment of COVID-19.

A Mycenaean Pictorial Vase of the Fifteenth Century B.C. from Laconia

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
K. Demacopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
East Side ◽  
Early Date ◽  
The Village ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Brown Clay

The large pictorial jug published here (Plate 12 a-d) was discovered in 1966 in a plundered Mycenaean chamber tomb at the site Melathria, near the village of Skoura in Laconia. Skoura is close to Sparta, opposite to and east of the Vapheio tholos tomb, on the east side of the river Eurotas.It is a most unusual Mycenaean vase, remarkable for its pictorial decoration at such an early date. In view of the shape of the vase and its linear decoration, it seems to be one of the earliest pictorial vases yet found on the mainland of Greece.The jug, which is now exhibited in Sparta Museum (Inv. no. 5533), has been restored from fragments, and large pieces of the belly have been completed with plaster. It can be described as follows: Tall jug with cut-away neck (Plate 12a). Light brown clay, polished yellow-pink surface, lustrous red paint which in places has adhered badly and flaked away.

scholarly journals THE TRANSMISSION AND TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS OPHTHALMIA OF CATTLE

1924 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Jones ◽  
Ralph B. Little
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
Fine Spray ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Nasal Passages ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Gain Access

The experiments in which transmission of the disease was attempted by flies hardly parallel the observations within the herd. It is not unusual to observe large numbers of flies feeding on the exudate. Slight disturbances may interrupt feeding and cause the flies to disperse and within a short period alight about the eyes of other cows. The experiments, however, bring out the fact that the bacterium will not remain viable for even a few minutes in the digestive tract of the fly. Its life on the external surfaces of the fly is extremely short and in our observations has not exceeded 3 hours. The latter fact strengthens the opinion that in the main the infection is not dust-borne since the bacterium soon dies when not in contact with the eye. Two other points are of considerable significance. The ability of the organism to maintain itself on the eye for considerable periods after the acute symptoms have subsided may explain the reappearance of cases during the warmer months. The organism can exist in the eye throughout the winter and with the warm weather flies may transmit it to other susceptible individuals and thus a nucleus of an epidemic may be established. The presence of the organism in the nasal passages in the incubation stage and early in the disease in two of our experimental animals affords an explanation for the appearance of the disease in sporadic cases in the colder months. It is assumed that nasal exudate as a fine spray may be forcibly expelled and directly reach the eyeball of a normal individual. It has been shown that small quantities of culture sprayed on the cornea are capable of giving rise to the characteristic disease. The irregularity of the elimination of the organism through the nostril may be explained by the effect of inflammation on the tear duct. In experimental cases a small quantity of bouillon containing the culture was dropped or sprayed on the cornea. Doubtless the bacilli are deposited on the mucosa of the tear duct. Here they may multiply and set up an inflammation and thus gain access to the nasal passage. To what degree the virus is spread by the forcible expulsion of nasal secretion containing lacrimal fluid cannot be determined. The elimination of the bacilli from the nasal passage in our experimental inoculations leads us to believe that in the main the phenomenon is associated with early infections. The examination of the nasal passages of a large number of well established cases with negative findings tends to corroborate this view. Of interest to those concerned with the treatment of animal diseases is the readiness with which the inflammation subsides when treated with 1:40 zinc sulfate.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and clinico-pathological characteristics of current goat pox outbreak in North Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trang Pham Hong ◽  
Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila ◽  
Nor Yasmin Abd. Rahaman ◽  
Huong Lai Thi Lan ◽  
Lan Nguyen Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
The Government ◽  
North Vietnam

Abstract Background: In view of the current swine fever outbreak and the government aspiration to increase the goat population, a need arises to control and prevent outbreaks of goat pox. Despite North Vietnam facing sporadic cases of goat pox, this most recent outbreak had the highest recorded morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate. Thus, owing to the likelihood of a widespread recurrence of goat pox infection, an analysis of that outbreak was done based on selected signalment, management and disease pattern (signs and pathology) parameters. This includes examination of animals, inspection of facilities, tissue sampling and analysis for confirmation of goatpox along with questionaires. Results: It was found that the susceptible age group were between 3-6 months old kids while higher infection rate occurred in those under the free-range rearing system. The clinical signs of pyrexia, anorexia, nasal discharges and lesions of pocks were not restricted to the skin but have extended into the lung and intestine. The pathogen had been confirmed in positive cases via PCR as goat pox with prevalence of 79.69%. Conclusions: The epidemiology of the current goat pox outbreak in North Vietnam denotes a significant prevalence which may affect the industry. This signals the importance of identifying the salient clinical signs and post mortem lesions of goat pox at the field level in order to achieve an effective control of the disease.

scholarly journals Endoparasites and vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Greek islands: pathogen distribution and zoonotic implications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Diakou ◽  
Angela Di Cesare ◽  
Simone Morelli ◽  
Mariasole Colombo ◽  
Lenaig Halos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rickettsia Conorii ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Of Greece

AbstractThe present study investigated the presence of endo- and ecto-parasites, and vector-borne pathogens, in dogs from four islands of Greece. A total of 200 owned and sheltered dogs were examined with different microscopic, serological and molecular methods.Of the examined dogs, 130 (65%) were positive for one or more parasites and/or vector-borne pathogens. The most common zoonotic intestinal helminths recorded were Ancylostomatidae (12.5%) and Toxocara canis (3.5%). Ninety-three dogs (46.5%) seroreacted to Rickettsia conorii. Twenty-two (11%) of them were also PCR positive and 7 (3.5%) showed corpuscoles suggestive of Rickettsia spp. on the blood smears. Nineteen dogs (9.5%) were seropositive for Ehrlichia canis, three of them being also PCR positive. Dogs positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum-Anaplasma platys (1%), Dirofilaria immitis (0.5%) and Babesia canis (0.5%) were also found. Fleas and ticks were recorded in 53 (26.5%) and 50 (25%) dogs and all specimens were identified as Ctenocephalides felis felis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu latu. Binary multiple univariate Generalized Linear Models were used to investigate factors and clinical signs related to the recorded positivity, while the association of specific signs with the pathogens was evaluated using tests of independence. Knowledge of occurrence and impact of zoonotic parasites and vector-borne pathogens in dog populations is crucial to prevent the infection in animals and people, and to control the risk of spreading of these pathogens in endemic and non-endemic areas.Author summaryBoth owned and sheltered dogs can harbor a variety of intestinal and extra-intestinal endoparasites, as well as vector-borne pathogens and ectoparasites, of zoonotic concern. Dog shelters and stray dogs are present in several touristic areas of Greece, including Sporades and Cyclades islands, where tourists often bring their pets with them, likely travelling from non-endemic to endemic areas. The present study has been carried out with the aim to evaluate the occurrence of the aforementioned pathogens. Data obtained showed that they are present in canine populations of Greece, with possibilities of infection for travelling dogs, which can also contribute to the spreading of zoonotic vector-borne diseases, introducing new pathogens in previously non-endemic areas. For these reasons, a constant monitoring of the epidemiological situation, improving control measures and correct diagnostic approaches are of primary importance for the prevention of canine and human infections, decreasing the spreading of potentially deadly pathogens.

scholarly journals Lyme disease.

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
V. I. KONTOS (Β.Ι. ΚΟΝΤΟΣ) ◽  
L. V. ATHANASIOU (Λ. Β. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Health It ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Pathognomonic Sign

Lyme borreliosis is a tickbone, zoonotic, chronic disease with multisystemic clinical signs caused by bacteria of borelia species. It has a worldwide distribution and it is transmitted by the ticks of ixodes species. The reservoir of the causative agent in nature are small rodents, wild mammals and birds. In man, the clinical picture is quite clear: the pathognomonic sign is the chronicum erythema migrans in the acute phase, while in the dog, the clinical picture is not as clear: it looks like that of lupus erythematosus. The most constant symptom is lameness caused by the affection of joints. Diagnosis is based on the detection of antibodies against borrelia by the IFA method. Concerning public health, it is mentioned that in the U.S and in northern European countries, it is the most frequent tickbone disease while in Greece only some sporadic cases have been reported.

scholarly journals A laboratory-based study of COVID-19 in Casablanca, Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idrissa Diawara ◽  
Houda Benrahma ◽  
Nida Meskaouni ◽  
Jalila Rahoui ◽  
Fatima-Zahra Moujid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Zone ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
One Step

Background: Given the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its impact on human health, laboratory confirmation of diagnosis is essential. Objective: This study examined the contribution of laboratory diagnosis to the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the diagnosis of COVID- 19, taking into account patient risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, clinical symptoms and comorbidities. Methods: A cross-sectional, laboratory-based study was carried out from 1 April 2020 to 30 April 2020 at the National Reference Laboratory in Morocco using nasopharyngeal samples from patients admitted to the Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital or other hospitals in Casablanca. A one-step reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. A national epidemiological investigation form was used to analyze patient exposure risk, clinical symptoms and comorbidities. Results: A total of 793 samples from 375 patients were analyzed and 1150 RT-PCR tests were conducted; 116 patients (30.93%) were COVID-19 positive. Travel to a risk zone, contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case and contact with a person who had been in a risk zone were significantly associated with being positive for COVID-19. Fever and cough were the main symptoms; 7.76 % of positive patients were asymptomatic. Conclusion: This is the first laboratory-based study in Morocco for the diagnosis of COVID- 19. Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 by RT-PCR associated with knowledge of exposure risk factors and clinical symptoms and comorbidities remains essential for clinicians for early, appropriate medical management COVID-19 patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document