scholarly journals Revisiting the Relationship between International Terrorism and Transnational Organised Crime 22 Years Later

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex P. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Organised Crime ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
The Relationship

International Terrorism and Human Rights

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Sundaresh MENON
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
September 11 ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, a line was crossed in the history of terrorism and political violence—many things we had until then taken for granted were lost. This paper analyzes the relationship between international terrorism and human rights and examines how these two concepts—which some suggest are antithetical—might appropriately be spoken of in the same breath even in the aftermath of those terrible attacks. The overarching thesis is that counter-terror efforts must be approached in a way that endeavours to achieve a positive relation to, and co-existence with, the system of human rights at both international and national levels. In this connection, Singapore's approach to counter-terrorism will be considered, providing food for thought on how far it achieves a balance between security and liberty.

scholarly journals Networked territorialism: the routes and roots of organised crime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Clark ◽  
Alistair Fraser ◽  
Niall Hamilton-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Drug Economy ◽  
Similarity And Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In the digital age, space has become increasingly structured by the circuitry of global capital, communications and commodities. This ‘network society’ splinters and fragments territorial space according to the hidden logic of networked global capital; with successful criminal entrepreneurs connecting bases in low-risk, controllable territories with high-profit markets. Drawing on a recent, large-scale study of organised crime in Scotland, in this paper we elaborate the relationship between place, territory and criminal markets in two contrasting communities. The first is an urban neighbourhood with a longstanding organised crime footprint, where recognised local criminal groups have established deep roots. The second is a rural community with a negligible organised crime footprint, where the drug economy is serviced by a mobile criminal network based in England. Through comparison of the historical roots and contemporary routes of these criminal markets, we note both similarity and difference. While both communities demonstrated evidence of ‘networked territorialism’, key differences related to historical and social antecedents, in particular the impact of deindustrialisation.

Mafia, money-laundering and the battle against criminal capital: the Italian case

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara El Siwi
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
To Come ◽  
Financial Intelligence ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to look at the case of Italy, which clearly stands out in its relationship with organised crime. The recognition that money is the “lifeblood” of OC has resulted in the implementation of what we can refer to as the anti-money laundering (AML) regime, which backs the systematic targeting of mafia assets and the application of severe obstacles to the concealment of dirty money through increased financial surveillance. This paper discusses the financialisation of counter-mafia strategies, with the purpose of questioning the extent to which this system has been delivering what it promised. Design/methodology/approach The paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter looks at the relationship between Italian mafia and dirty money. The second chapter discusses the rationale and pillars of the AML regime. Finally, the last section examines and discusses recent evidence of the outcome of AML policies, by looking at figures as reported by relevant entities, such as the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), Europol, the Italian Ministry of Interior and the Direzione Investigativa Anti-Mafia (DIA). Findings Evidence suggests that financial surveillance, the first pillar of the AML regime, is much costlier than it is beneficial to society. Reporting of suspicions has rocketed in the past years, bringing very little change to yearly ML convictions, and being only marginally helpful in mafia-related investigations, confiscations and arrests. The confiscation of assets from mafia members, i.e. the second pillar of the AML regime, has proven to be effective in gaining control over large sums and goods. However, more research is needed around the question of confiscated asset-management and desirable re-investment opportunities. Originality/value As the AML regime gains in prominence internationally, it is of great value to assess its achievements so far. This is especially true of a country like Italy, which suffers from a long-standing mafia dominance. This paper represents a modest initial inquiry, which will hopefully be complemented by future research to come to an in-depth understanding of the value and limitations of an AML regime in fighting OC.

Europol as the Director and Coordinator of the Joint Investigation Teams

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 313-328
Author(s):  
José Antonio Farah Lopes de Lima
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
National Level ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Joint Investigation ◽  
European Arrest Warrant

One of the most serious problems troubling the European Union is the evolution of cross-border crimes and, in particular, international terrorism and organised crime. National law enforcement authorities cannot fight cross-border crimes efficiently if their efforts are made solely on a national level. Since the early 1990s, the (European) political authorities have become increasingly aware of this problem and have taken steps to facilitate the participation of the law enforcement and other relevant personnel from other state(s) in investigating offences. This has resulted in the adoption of a vast number of documents and new instruments (eg the European Arrest Warrant), and the creation of new agencies within the European Union, the aim of which is to facilitate cross-border activities to fight cross-border crimes.

The 'Ndrangheta: the current state of historical research

Modern Italy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Truzzolillo
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Preliminary Review ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Community Ties ◽  
Rural World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article surveys the state of the research undertaken to date on Calabrian organised crime, now known as the 'Ndrangheta. Using continuous reference to the historiography of the Sicilian Mafia, and prompted in particular by a preliminary review of various documentary sources, it also poses questions and develops theories that will need further study and reflection. The first section addresses the classic image of the 'Ndrangheta, as crime linked to the traditional values of the Calabrian rural world. It is suggested that the interweaving of this criminal phenomenon and traditional society is more complex than a relationship of identification between the two, and results from the deliberate pursuit of criminal objectives such as legitimisation and social control. Further problems are highlighted as attention is turned from issues regarding values to the socio-economic features of the ‘Picciotteria’, as the 'Ndrangheta was known prior to the 1950s. There is a discussion of the reasons for its success, the economic parasitism practised using positions of social intermediation, and the existence of formal structures distinct from traditional family bonds and community ties. The article's final section focuses on the relationship between the 'Ndrangheta and politics in the period after the Second World War. The paucity of research that specifically addresses the period between the war and the 1970s is highlighted; linked to this, approaches are suggested for investigating the nature of crime's penetration of politics, the relationship with the parties at the local level, and the ways in which the 'Ndrangheta was interpreted by these same political parties.

Fragmenting Mexican cartels will focus on mining

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Drug Traffickers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Defence

Subject The impact of organised crime on the mining sector. Significance Canada-based McEwen Mining said on May 11 that it was on track to meet annual production targets despite last month's theft of 900 kilos of gold concentrate from its El Gallo mine in Mexico. On April 6, eight heavily armed robbers burst into the mine in Sinaloa state and walked away with concentrate containing gold worth 8.5 million dollars -- equivalent to two-fifths of the mine's quarterly production. Suspicion inevitably fell on the local Sinaloa cartel. Company CEO Rob McEwen seemed to acknowledge that up to that point the mining company had cooperated with the cartel, putting the question of the relationship between mining companies and drug traffickers back on the table. Impacts Greater fragmentation of Mexican cartels will lead to increasing criminal targeting of mining businesses. Following the general pattern of insecurity, companies operating in Michoacan and Guerrero are most at risk. The April heist at the El Gallo mine suggests that more independent gangs are also now operating in Sinaloa. Mining company experiments with supporting self-defence organisations seem to have failed.

Political corruption and organised crime

2018 ◽  
pp. 82-102
Author(s):  
James L. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Organised Crime ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Debt Collection ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Point Of Departure

This chapter takes its point of departure from the fact that corruption typically involves the interaction of a wide range of actors – including mediators and third-party enforcers specialised in the job of ensuring a sufficient degree of trust between the counterparts to enable transactions to be concluded successfully. It is on these third-party enforcers – referred to as ‘mafias’ – that the chapter focusses, as they offer the threat of violence to ensure that, once the parties to a corrupt exchange have agreed to do business, the terms are actually respected. To that extent, they offer something analogous to the insurance policies available, in the world of legal contracts, to protect firms and individuals against non-compliance or the consequences of non-compliance. They might also be regarded as analogous to legal debt collection agencies or private security firms, the difference being that once their services have been engaged, they cannot easily be dismissed. The chapter begins by looking at the characteristics of mafias, before considering the conditions under which they succeed in establishing themselves as powerful entities able to offer the protection and contract enforcement that are their distinguishing features. It then considers the relationship between mafias and corruption in some detail.

Europol as the Director and Coordinator of the Joint Investigation Teams

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 313-328
Author(s):  
José Antonio Farah Lopes de Lima
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
National Level ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Joint Investigation ◽  
European Arrest Warrant

One of the most serious problems troubling the European Union is the evolution of cross-border crimes and, in particular, international terrorism and organised crime. National law enforcement authorities cannot fight cross-border crimes efficiently if their efforts are made solely on a national level. Since the early 1990s, the (European) political authorities have become increasingly aware of this problem and have taken steps to facilitate the participation of the law enforcement and other relevant personnel from other state(s) in investigating offences. This has resulted in the adoption of a vast number of documents and new instruments (eg the European Arrest Warrant), and the creation of new agencies within the European Union, the aim of which is to facilitate cross-border activities to fight cross-border crimes.

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