Systemic management of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors in older women: two case reports and a review of the literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Michael Luis ◽  
Stergios Boussios ◽  
Lucy Dumas ◽  
Susana Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Aggressive Disease

Background Ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCT) account for 2-5% of ovarian malignancies, with an annual incidence of 0.5-1:100,000, typically occurring in young women. Yolk sac tumor (YST) is the second most common type of OGCT and has an aggressive phenotype. The rarity of this pathology in postmenopausal women poses challenges in the diagnosis and treatment. Patients and Methods We report two clinical cases of YST in postmenopausal women treated at the Royal Marsden and discuss diagnosis and treatment issues of OGCTs in older women. A literature review was also performed, which identified thirty-nine cases, including the two reported in this article. Results and Conclusion This showed that YSTs in older women are rare and are generally aggressive with poor clinical outcomes. Twelve of the described patients with malignant OGCTs died within 8 months of diagnosis. In conclusion, YST in postmenopausal women can have an aggressive disease course compared with younger patients. More evidence for the tolerability and outcomes of cytoreductive surgical approaches and intensive chemotherapy regimens in older patients is required.

scholarly journals Uncommon Metastasis of Ovarian Dysgerminoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Mihaela Camelia Tîrnovanu ◽  
Irina Daniela Florea ◽  
Adina Tănase ◽  
Bogdan Florin Toma ◽  
Elena Cojocaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Vaginal Metastasis ◽  
Ovarian Dysgerminoma ◽  
Systemic Relapse ◽  
Malignant Germ Cell Tumors

Ovarian malignant germ cell tumors (OMGCT) represent less than 10% of all ovarian tumors. Dysgerminoma is the most common malignant primitive germ cell tumor in young women, known for its curability and low propensity to invade and metastasize when diagnosed early. Herein, we report an unusual type of ovarian dysgerminoma (OD) metastasis with a brief review of the literature, lacking similar reported cases. To our knowledge, although there are several case reports of dysgerminoma metastases with variable anatomic location and presentation, vaginal metastasis has not been previously described. The local or systemic relapse together with local and distant metastasis is considered as an independent predictor of poor survival in patients with OD. In light of the absence of mutations status, our patient successfully responded to therapy. Currently, the patient remains in clinical remission. A specific follow-up plan is ongoing knowing that ovarian dysgerminomas tend to recur most often in the first 2–3 years after treatment.

scholarly journals Klinefelter syndrome and germ cell tumors: review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Bonouvrie ◽  
Jutte van der Werff ten Bosch ◽  
Machiel van den Akker
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors

Abstract Objective The most common presentation of Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is infertility and features of hypogonadism. Currently no consensus exists on the risk of malignancy in this syndrome. Several case reports show an incidence of extragonadal germ cells tumors (eGCT) of 1.5 per 1000 KS patients (OR 50 against healthy population). Malignant germ cell tumors are rare in children. They account for 3% of all children cancers. Young patients with a germ cell tumor are not routinely tested for Klinefelter syndrome. This can therefore result in underdiagnosing. Literature data suggest a correlation between eGCT and KS. To the best of our knowledge there is no precise description of the primary locations of germ cell tumors in KS patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate age groups and primary locations of extragonadal germ cell tumors in Klinefelter patients. With this data we investigate whether it is necessary to perform a cytogenetic analysis for KS in every eGCT patient. Study design This study is based on case report publications in PubMed/Medline published until march 2020 that described “Klinefelter Syndrome (MeSH) AND/OR extragonadal germ cell tumors”. Publications were included when patients age, location and histology of the germ cell tumor was known. Two double blinded reviewers selected the studies.Results: 141 KS patients with eGCTs were identified. Mean age at presentation was 17.3 years (StDev + − 10.2). In contrast to the extragonadal germ cell tumors in adults, most eGCT in children were mediastinal or in the central nervous system (respectively 90/141; 64% and 23/141; 16% of all tumors). Distribution of histologic subtypes showed that the largest fraction represented a teratoma, mixed-type-non-seminomateus GCT and germinoma, respectively 34/141; 24%, 26/141; 18% and 20/141; 14% of all tumors. Conclusion These data suggest a correlation between primary extragonadal germ cell tumors and Klinefelter syndrome. There appears to be an indication for screening on KS in young patients with an eGCT in the mediastinum. A low threshold for radiologic examinations should be considered to discover eGCT. We emphasize the need for genetic analysis in all cases of a male with a mediastinal germ cell tumor for the underdiagnosed Klinefelter syndrome.

scholarly journals Hemangioma of the Tympanic Membrane: A Case and a Review of the Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Mevio ◽  
Marco Cazzaniga ◽  
Mauro Mullace ◽  
Donatella Paolotti
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Benign Neoplasm ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Vascular Tumor ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Bony Canal ◽  
Sixth Decade

Hemangiomas of the external auditory canal, involving the posterior bony canal and the adjacent tympanic membrane, although rare, are considered a specific disease entity of the human external auditory canal. Hemangiomas of the tympanic membrane and/or external auditory canal are rare entities; there are 16 previous case reports in the literature. It is a benign vascular tumor. It generally occurs in males in the sixth decade of life. Total surgical excision with or without tympanic membrane grafting appears to be effective in the removal of this benign neoplasm. The authors present a case and a review of the literature discussing diagnostic and surgical approaches.

scholarly journals A Huge Dermoid Cyst in Postmenopausal Women with Third Degree Uterine Prolapse

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Shrivastava ◽  
Anuradha Kakani ◽  
Indradeep Bannerjee
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dermoid Cyst ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Uterine Prolapse ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors

ABSTRACT Germ cell tumors are derived from primordial germ cells of the ovary. Approximately 25 to 30% of all ovarian tumors are of germ cell origin and of these, 95% are benign and only 3 to 4% are malignant. They are seen mostly in women in their second and third decades of life and very rarely in postmenopausal women. There are many reported cases of ovarian tumor in postmenopausal women but a huge dermoid cyst in postmenopausal women causing prolapse uterus is very rare. Here, we are presenting a rare case of large dermoid cyst in a 58-year-old postmenopausal multiparous woman with third degree uterine prolapse. How to cite this article Kakani A, Bannerjee I, Shrivastava D. A Huge Dermoid Cyst in Postmenopausal Women with Third Degree Uterine Prolapse. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2013;1(1):43-44.

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