scholarly journals Direct Reprogramming Facilitated by Small Molecules

2015 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conner Lewis ◽  
Blake Brewster ◽  
E Tian ◽  
Yanhong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Direct Reprogramming

scholarly journals Small molecules enable OCT4-mediated direct reprogramming into expandable human neural stem cells

Cell Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiyong Zhu ◽  
Rajesh Ambasudhan ◽  
Woong Sun ◽  
Hyun Jung Kim ◽  
Maria Talantova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Direct Reprogramming ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Induced Pluripotency

Acta Naturae ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Muchkaeva ◽  
E. B. Dashinimaev ◽  
V. V. Terskikh ◽  
Yu. V. Sukhanov ◽  
A. V. Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Ips Cells ◽  
Direct Reprogramming ◽  
Induced Pluripotency ◽  
Somatic Cell Reprogramming ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Genome Modifications

In this review the distinct aspects of somatic cell reprogramming are discussed. The molecular mechanisms of generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from somatic cells via the introduction of transcription factors into adult somatic cells are considered. Particular attention is focused on the generation of iPS cells without genome modifications via the introduction of the mRNA of transcription factors or the use of small molecules. Furthermore, the strategy of direct reprogramming of somatic cells omitting the generation of iPS cells is considered. The data concerning the differences between ES and iPS cells and the problem of epigenetic memory are also discussed. In conclusion, the possibility of using iPS cells in regenerative medicine is considered.

Direct Reprogramming of Glioblastoma Cells into Neurons Using Small Molecules

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3175-3185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Lee ◽  
Meghan Robinson ◽  
Stephanie M. Willerth
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Direct Reprogramming ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells

scholarly journals CFM: a database of experimentally validated protocols for chemical compound-based direct reprogramming and transdifferentiation

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Alexey Sizykh ◽  
Khalimat Murtazalieva ◽  
Yulia Vyshkvorkina ◽  
Alexey Stupnikov ◽  
Yulia A. Medvedeva
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Chemical Compound ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Direct Reprogramming ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Cell Conversion ◽  
Direct Cell ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability

Cell fate engineering technologies are critically important for basic and applied science, yet many protocols for direct cell conversions are still unstable, have a low yield and require improvement. There is an increasing need for a data aggregator containing a structured collection of protocols -  preprocessed, verified, and represented in a standardized manner to facilitate their comparison, and providing a platform for the researchers to evaluate and improve the protocols.   We developed CFM (cell fate mastering), a database of experimentally validated protocols for chemical compound-based direct reprogramming and direct cell conversion. The current version of CFM contains 169 distinct protocols, 113 types of cell conversions, and 158 small molecules capable of inducing cell conversion. CFM allows stem cell biologists to compare and choose the best protocol with high efficiency and reliability for their needs. The protocol representation contains PubChem CIDs and Mechanisms Of Action (MOA) for chemicals, protocol duration, media , and yield with a comment on a measurement strategy. Ratings of the protocols and feedback from the community will help to promote high-quality and reproducible protocols. We are committed to a long-term database maintenance strategy. The database is currently available at https://cfm.mipt.ru}{cfm.mipt.ru

scholarly journals Direct conversion of human fibroblasts into osteoblasts and osteocytes with small molecules and a single factor, Runx2

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjiao Li ◽  
YaoLong Wang ◽  
Juehua Yu ◽  
Zhaoxia Ma ◽  
Qiong Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Direct Reprogramming ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Genetic Manipulations ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Promising Strategy

AbstractHuman osteoblasts can be induced from somatic cells by introducing defined factors, however, the strategy limits cells therapeutic applications for its multi-factor and complicated genetic manipulations that may bring uncertainty into the genome. Another important cell type in bone metabolism, osteocytes, which play a central role in regulating the dynamic nature of bone in all its diverse functions, have not been obtained from transdifferetiation so far. Herein, we have established procedures to convert human fibroblast directly into osteocyte-like and osteoblast-like cells using a single transcription factor, Runx2 and chemical cocktails by activating Wnt and cAMP/PKA pathways. These induced osteoblast-like cells express osteogenic markers and generate mineralized nodule deposition. A good performance of bone formation from these cells was observed in subcutaneous site of mouse at 4 weeks post-transplantation. Moreover, further studies convert human fibroblasts into osteocyte-like cells by orchestrating timing of the aforementioned chemical cocktails exposure. These osteocyte-like cells express osteocyte-specific markers and display characteristic morphology features of osteocytes. In summary, this study provides a promising strategy for cell-based therapy in bone regenerative medicine by direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into osteocytes and osteoblasts.

Gap junctions in the prothoracic glands of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 706-707
Author(s):  
Ji-da Dai ◽  
M. Joseph Costello ◽  
Lawrence I. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Prothoracic Glands ◽  
Polyhydroxylated Steroids ◽  
Stimulation Of

Insect molting and metamorphosis are elicited by a class of polyhydroxylated steroids, ecdysteroids, that originate in the prothoracic glands (PGs). Prothoracicotropic hormone stimulation of steroidogenesis by the PGs at the cellular level involves both calcium and cAMP. Cell-to-cell communication mediated by gap junctions may play a key role in regulating signal transduction by controlling the transmission of small molecules and ions between adjacent cells. This is the first report of gap junctions in the PGs, the evidence obtained by means of SEM, thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas.

Fusion and Fission Processes in Exocytosis: Possible Roles for Synexin and Osmotic Lysis in the Two Events

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 594-597
Author(s):  
H.B. Pollard ◽  
C.E. Creutz ◽  
C.J. Pazoles ◽  
J.H. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Large Protein ◽  
Granule Membrane ◽  
Osmotic Lysis ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Chemical Evidence

Exocytosis is a general concept describing secretion of enzymes, hormones and transmitters that are otherwise sequestered in intracellular granules. Chemical evidence for this concept was first gathered from studies on chromaffin cells in perfused adrenal glands, in which it was found that granule contents, including both large protein and small molecules such as adrenaline and ATP, were released together while the granule membrane was retained in the cell. A number of exhaustive reviews of this early work have been published and are summarized in Reference 1. The critical experiments demonstrating the importance of extracellular calcium for exocytosis per se were also first performed in this system (2,3), further indicating the substantial service given by chromaffin cells to those interested in secretory phenomena over the years.

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