Crop rotation: a sustainable system for maize production

2017 ◽  
pp. 181-202
Author(s):  
Bao-Luo Ma ◽  
◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Sustainable System

scholarly journals Long-term experiments on chernozem soil in the University of Debrecen

2018 ◽  
pp. 357-369
Author(s):  
Péter Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
The Impact

The impact of agrotechnical management practices (nutrient and water supply, crop rotation, crop protection, genotype) on the yields of winter wheat and maize and on the soil water and nutrient cycles was studied in long-term experiments set up in 1983 in Eastern Hungary on chernozem soil. The long-term experiments have shown that nitrogen fertilizer rates exceeding the N-optimum of winter wheat resulted in the accumulation of NO3-N in the soil. Winter wheat varieties can be classified into four groups based on their natural nutrient utilization and their fertilizer response. The fertilizer responses of wheat varieties depended on crop year (6.5–8.9 t ha-1 maximum yields in 2011–2015 years) and the genotypes (in 2012 the difference was ~3 t ha-1 among varieties). The optimum N(+PK) doses varied between 30–150 kg ha-1 in different crop years. In maize production fertilization, irrigation and crop rotation have decision role on the yields. The efficiency of fertilization modified by cropyear (in dry 891–1315 kg ha-1, in average 1927–4042 kg ha-1, in rainy cropyear 2051–4473 kg ha-1 yield surpluses of maize, respectively) and crop rotation (in monoculture 1315–4473 kg ha-1, in biculture 924–2727 kg ha-1 and triculture 891–2291 kg ha-1 yield surpluses of maize, respectively). The optimum fertilization could improve the water use efficiency in maize production. Our long-term experiments gave important ecological and agronomic information to guide regional development of sustainable cropping systems.

scholarly journals Determining elements of variety-specific maize production technology

2010 ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Mihály Sárvári ◽  
Beáta Boros
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Hybrids

Our aim was to work out such new maize fertilizer methods and models which can reduce the harmful effects of fertilization, canmaintain the soil fertility and can moderate the yield fluctuation (nowadays 50-60 %).The soil of our experimental projects was meadow soil. The soil could be characterized by high clay content and pour phosphorus andmedium potassium contents. In the last decade, out of ten years six years were dry and hot in our region. So the importance of crop-rotationis increasing and we have to strive for using the appropriate crop rotation.The yields of maize in monoculture crop rotation decreased by 1-3 t ha-1 in each dry year during the experiment (1983, 1990, 1992,1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2003, and 2007). The most favourable forecrop of maize was wheat, medium was the biculture crop rotationand the worst crop rotation was the monoculture.There is a strong correlation between the sowing time and the yield of maize hybrids, but this interactive effect can be modified by theamount and distribution of precipitation in the vegetation period. At the early sowing time, the grain moistures were 5-12 % lower comparedto the late sowing time and 4-5 % lower compared to the optimum sowing treatment.There are great differences among the plant density of different maize hybrids. There are hybrids sensitive to higher plant density andthere are hybrids with wide and narrow optimum plant densities.The agro-ecological optimum fertilizer dosage of hybrids with a longer season (FAO 400-500) was N 30-40 kg ha-1 higher in favourableyears as compared to early hybrids.We can summarize our results by saying that we have to use hybrid-specific technologies in maize production. In the future, we have toincrease the level of inputs and have to apply the best appropriate hybrids and with respect to the agroecologial conditions, we can betterutilize the genetic yield potential.

Optimizing genotype-environment-management interactions to ensure silage maize production in the Chinese Maize Belt

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
L Zhang ◽  
Z Zhang ◽  
J Cao ◽  
Y Luo ◽  
Z Li
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Silage Maize

Grain maize production exceeds the demand for grain maize in China. Methods for harvesting good-quality silage maize urgently need a theoretical basis and reference data in order to ensure its benefits to farmers. However, research on silage maize is limited, and very few studies have focused on its energetic value and quality. Here, we calibrated the CERES-Maize model for 24 cultivars with 93 field experiments and then performed a long-term (1980-2017) simulation to optimize genotype-environment-management (G-E-M) interactions in the 4 main agroecological zones across China. We found that CERES-Maize could reproduce the growth and development of maize well under various management and weather conditions with a phenology bias of <5 d and biomass relative root mean square error values of <5%. The simulated results showed that sowing long-growth-cycle cultivars approximately 10 d in advance could yield good-quality silage. The optimal sowing dates (from late May to July) and harvest dates (from early October to mid-November) gradually became later from north to south. A high-energy yield was expected when sowing at an early date and/or with late-maturing cultivars. We found that Northeast China and the North China Plain were potential silage maize growing areas, although these areas experienced a medium or even high frost risk. Southwestern maize experienced a low risk level, but the low soil fertility limited the attainable yield. The results of this paper provide information for designing an optimal G×E×M strategy to ensure silage maize production in the Chinese Maize Belt.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

Modes of agricultural use, productivity and fertility of developed lowland peat soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Glubokovskih
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Fodder Crop ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Fodder Crop Rotation

The results of many years of research on the cultivation of crops in fodder crop rotation on dried peat soil are presented. A productive and agroecological assessment of crop rotation with various saturation with perennial grasses is given. The data on the reduction of peat reserves and changes in the agrochemical properties of the soil are presented.

Fertilization System as a Factor of Transforming the Humus State of the Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Stable Forms

Aim. To establish the effect of different fertilization systems in short fi eld crop rotation on the change in the state of humus in the dark gray podzolic soils in Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the L’viv National Agrarian University; determination of humus content – according to DSTU 4289:2004, and that of its labile forms – in accordance with DSTU 4732:2007, fraction-group composition – by Ponomare- va-Plotnikova’s method, according to the measurement procedure 31-497058-008-2002. Results. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer system in short fi eld crop rotation with the saturation of organic fertilizers of 15 t/ha of crop rotation contributes to the humus content increase by 0.7 % after the third rotation in 0–40 cm layer of dark gray podzolic soil, the increase in the share of stable forms of humic compounds up to 57–59 % and the increase in the ratio of R HA :R FA to 1.3–1.4. The study demonstrated very high dependence of amount of gross energy reserves in the humus on the R HA :R FA ratio. Conclusions. The combined application of organic fertili- zers in the form of manure, non-market of the crop (straw) and siderate, along with mineral fertilizers is re- commended in short fi eld crop rotations of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine toensure expanded reproduction of fertility of dark gray podzolic soil, improvement of its humus status, increase in gross energy reserves and the share of the stable forms and humic acids in the humus.

Sequestration of carbon oxide in different fertilization systems in agrocenoses

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
Yu. Zapasna ◽  
V. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Carbon Oxide ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Capacity Level ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
By Products

Aim. To substantiate the agroecological estimation of the performance of a short crop rotation in conditions of intense and organic system of fertilization on the basis of restoring normative parameters of emission and se- questration of С-СО 2 circulation while using by-products as organic fertilizers in conditions of modern climatic system of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, statistical, laboratory. Results of Investigations. The performance of short crop rotations is determined by the capacity of С-СО 2 balance. Strong inverse correla- tion was found between the capacity of N and the ratio between C and N in the agrocenosis, which demon- strated that enhancing the humifi cation processes (ratio constriction) led to the increase in the capacity of С org balance and the decrease in the capacity level of С-СО 2 balance (enhancing mineralization), related to the reduction in the performance of crops in the agrocenosis of a crop rotation compared to the organic system of fertilization. The capacity of С-СО 2 and С org balance correlates at the medium level of inverse direction, and the yield of the main products, feed units and digestible protein correlates at the level of strong direct correlation. Conclusions. General mineralization of by-products and humus in the agrocenosis and humifi cation processes are antagonists, so extending the ratio between С and N at the intense fertilization system stimulates the in- crease in performance and reducing С to N similar to the organic fertilization system enhances the humifi cation process due to binding of С org into humus and limits mineralization which leads to the reduction in agrocenosis performance at the organic fertilization system.

NITROGEN CYCLES IN CROP ROTATIONS DIFFERING IN FERTILIZATION

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulius GUŽYS ◽  
Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Cereal Crop

The use of nitrogen fertilizer is becoming a global problem; however continuous fertilization with nitrogen ensures large and constant harvests. An 8 year research (2006–2013) was conducted to evaluate the relationships between differently fertilized cultivated plant rotations. The research was conducted in Lipliunai (Lithuania) in the agroecosystem with nitrogen metabolism in fields with deeper carbonaceous soil, i.e. Endocalcari Endohypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-n-w-can). The research area covered three drained plots where crop rotation of differently fertilized cereals and perennial grasses was applied. Samples of soil, water and plants were investigated in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University certified by the Environment Ministry of the Republic of Lithuania. The greatest productivity was found in a crop rotation with higher fertilization (N32-140). In crop rotation with lower fertilization (N24-90) productivity of cereals and perennial grasses (N0-80) was 11–35 % lower. The highest amount of mineral soil nitrogen was found in cereal crop rotation with higher fertilization. It was influenced by fertilization and crop productivity. The lowest Nmin and Ntotal concentrations in drainage water were found in grasses crop rotation. Crop rotations of differently fertilized cereals increased nitrogen concentration in drainage water. Nmin concentration in water depended on crop productivity, quantity of mineral soil nitrogen, fertilization, and nitrogen balance. The lowest nitrogen leaching was found in the crop rotation of grasses. Cereal crop rotation increased nitrogen leaching by 12–42 %. The usage of all crop rotations resulted in a negative nitrogen balance, which essentially depended on fertilization with nitrogen fertilizer.

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