scholarly journals Accountability Bargains in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Loureiro ◽  
Maheen Pracha ◽  
Affaf Ahmed ◽  
Danyal Khan ◽  
Mudabbir Ali
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Citizen Engagement ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Reciprocity Relations

Poor and marginalised citizens rarely engage directly with the state to solve their governance issues in fragile, conflict and violence-affected settings, as these settings are characterised by the confrontational nature of state–citizen relations. Instead, citizens engage with, and make claims to, intermediaries some of them public authorities in their own right. What are these intermediaries’ roles, and which strategies and practices do they use to broker state–citizen engagement? We argue that in Pakistan intermediaries make themselves essential by: (1) being able to speak the language of public authorities; (2) constantly creating and sustaining networks outside their communities; and (3) building collectivising power by maintaining reciprocity relations with their communities. In doing so, households and intermediaries engage in what we are calling ‘accountability bargains’: strategies and practices intermediaries and poor and marginalised households employ in order to gain a greater degree of security and autonomy within the bounds of class, religious, and ethnic oppression.

Blockchain technologies and their application in governmentadministration

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
Myroslav Kosіak ◽  
Inna Kosіak
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Property Insurance ◽  
Data Registration ◽  
State Management ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Government ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Methods Analytical

The purpose of the article. The article considers the Blockchain technology asan innovative tool. In particular, the essence and background of the developmentof blocks, the principles and specifics of the functioning of the system, as well asthe scheme of its work, are determined. The article presents the prospects forusingdistributed registry technologies (blockchain) in various socioeconomic spheresrelated to state administration. Provided examples and forecasts of the use ofblockchain technologies in the provision of state and municipal services forindividuals and legal entities in the following areas: formation of a unified registercontaining the history of the placement of the state, municipal order, as well asprocurement of corporations with state participation and / or control; registers ofdocuments (diplomas, certificates, lost and disavowed passports, policies for movableand immovable property insurance, health, etc.); database of court decisions andexecutive proceedings; public participation portals for citizens of Ukraine district- city – country. The fact that the blockchain technology is, first of all, theprinciples, and not the only possible way of implementing them, allows us to counton maximum openness and multivariate application in a dynamically changingchanging«digital world». Methodology. The research methodology is to use a combinationof methods: analytical, historical, comparative. The scientific novelty. The priorityof state blockchain systems introduction in stationary and distant voting, distributeddocument circulation, medical data registration, land resources registration,electronic auctions (auctions) in Ukraine was grounded. Conclusions. Already today,blockchain systems can change the role and participation of citizens in the conductof the state-management process, by raising the responsibility level, from thetransparent will expression in the elections to regulating the government serviceactivity in the society’s digitization conditions. The main advantages blockchainsystems using by public authorities that will increase the level of citizens trust todigital technologies using in general, namely: reliability and reliability of datastorage, transparency of transactions and virtually absolute protection of informationfrom distortion and unauthorized removal (relocation), are determined. In furtherscientific research it is proposed to consider the promising areas of the blockchaindigital technology usage: service activities of public authorities, legal proceedings,property rights management, implementation of migration control, verification ofgoods and services, registration of data on passing qualifying tests, patenting,intellectual property, digital identification, logistics , taxation, accounting ofbudget funds movement.

Documents from the State Archive of the Orel Region as a Source for Studying Peasant Legal Sense in Early 20th Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Kulachkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Legal Sense

The article studies documents from the State Archive of the Orel Region (GAOO) as an important source for studying the sense of justice of the Oryol gubernia peasants in early 20th century. Introduction of new archival materials allows to flesh out our knowledge and to produce a true-to-life picture of the Oryol peasants’ way of life. The peasant origins of the majority of the population necessitate a comprehensive study of peasant legal consciousness. Historical legacy is pertinent to present day, and forgetting its lessons is fraught with consequences. Evolution of modern Russian statehood hedges on its historical and legal traditions. The article studies documents in the fonds of public authorities, police, gendarmerie, courts, and prosecution offices. Introduction of new materials of public authorities, police, gendarmerie, courts, and prosecution offices into the scholarship promotes the analysis of the evolution of peasant legal sense in early 20th century. The chronological framework of the article is limited to the period from 1900 to 1917, its territorial framework is limited to the Oryol gubernia in its pre-revolutionary borders. The article studies reports, dispatches, and circular letters using the comparative method. The intensification of peasant protest was incidental to the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907 – the peasants hoped to force the government to settle the agrarian question, wherein lay the crux of their interests. As peasants of the Oryol gubernia suffered from shortage of arable land, antimonarchical sentiments gained momentum and translated a growing number of trials for contempt of the Emperor. Illegal literature spreading among the peasants, further radicalized them, and the authorities grew more and more hesitant in their assessment of peasant loyalty, which is quite intelligible in the archival documents. Thus, the use of new archival documents in addition to published materials promotes the scholarship on the peasant legal sense.

De la gestión local a la gobernanza global: actores e interacciones multiniveles en la gestión del agua en la ciudad de México

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-66
Author(s):  
Joyce Valdovinos
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The One

The provision of water services has traditionally been considered a responsibility of the state. During the late 1980s, the private sector emerged as a key actor in the provision of public services. Mexico City was no exception to this trend and public authorities awarded service contracts to four private consortia in 1993. Through consideration of this case study, two main questions arise: First, why do public authorities establish partnerships with the private sector? Second, what are the implications of these partnerships for water governance? This article focuses, on the one hand, on the conceptual debate of water as a public and/or private good, while identifying new trends and strategies carried out by private operators. On the other hand, it analyzes the role of the state and its relationships with other actors through a governance model characterized by partnerships and multilevel networks.Spanish La provisión del servicio del agua ha sido tradicionalmente considerada como una responsabilidad del Estado. A finales de la década de 1980, el sector privado emerge como un actor clave en el suministro de servicios públicos. La ciudad de México no escapa a esta tendencia y en 1993 las autoridades públicas firman contratos de servicios con cuatro consorcios privados. A través de este estudio de caso, dos preguntas son planteadas: ¿Por qué las autoridades públicas establecen partenariados con el sector privado? ¿Cuáles son las implicaciones de dichos partenariados en la gobernanza del agua? Este artículo aborda por una parte, el debate conceptual del agua como bien público y/o privado, identificando nuevas tendencias y estrategias de los operadores privados. Por otra parte, se analizan el rol y las relaciones del Estado con otros actores a través de un modelo de gobernanza, definido en términos de partenariados y redes multi-niveles.French Les services de l'eau ont été traditionnellement considérés comme une responsabilité de l'État. À la fin des années 1980, le secteur privé est apparu comme un acteur clé dans la fourniture de certains services publics. La ville de Mexico n'a pas échappé à cette tendance et en 1993, les autorités publiques ont signé des contrats de services avec quatre consortiums privés. À travers cette étude de cas, nous nous interrogerons sur deux aspects : pourquoi les autorités publiques établissentelles des partenariats avec le secteur privé ? Quelles sont les implications de ces partenariats sur la gouvernance de l'eau ? Cet article s'intéresse, d'une part, au débat conceptuel sur l'eau en tant que bien public et/ou privé, en identifiant les tendances nouvelles et les stratégies menées par les opérateurs privés. D'autre part y sont analysés le rôle de l'État et ses relations avec d'autres acteurs à travers un modèle de gouvernance, défini en termes de partenariats, et des réseaux multi-niveaux.

“The Criminal Actors Have a Social Base in Their Communities”: Gangs and Service Provision in Medellín, Colombia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Caroline Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Citizen Engagement ◽  
Design And Implementation

ABSTRACT In the last ten years, Medellín, Colombia has undergone significant socioeconomic improvements and a reduction in homicides. By drawing from qualitative data collected in Medellín, this article shows how, despite these improvements, residents in the marginalized neighborhoods maintain a perception that the state is unable or unwilling to provide them with services, such as employment and order or social control. Criminal gangs in these neighborhoods appear to rely on, and even exploit, the weakness of the state, as they are able to get citizens to perceive them as more reliable and legitimate than the state. This article argues that it is important for Latin American policymakers to promote citizen engagement in the design and implementation of policies to reduce current levels of violence.

Support of young studying compatriots abroad: expert assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
E.I. Vasileva ◽  
◽  
T.E. Zerchaninova ◽  
A.S. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Research Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
State Support ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Presented is the research in a large number of studies, devoted to the study of state policy in relation to compatriots living abroad, at the same time, today there are practically no data on the state and assessment of the state and non-state support. In this regard, the authors have classified the forms of support into two groups - state and non-state, investigate the specific features of these forms of support, and analyze their effectiveness. Empirical analysis carried out in this research study includes qualitative data from expert interviews collected in 2021. In total, 31 interviews were conducted with experts from sixteen countries (Russia, Ukraine, Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Moldova, Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Armenia, Tajikistan, USA, Germany, Czech Republic, Turkey, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Cyprus, Panama, Uganda, New Zealand). Representatives of Russian and foreign public authorities, heads of the Coordination Councils of organizations of Russian compatriots abroad, heads of Russian youth public organizations abroad, heads of higher educational institutions, teachers and educators, and public figures acted as experts. In conclusion, the authors summarize the effectiveness of state and non-state support for young students of compatriots abroad, form a set of practical recommendations for improving these forms of support.

PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Olga Reznikova
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
National Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
Methodological Principles

The article explores the development of methodological principles in the field of strategic planning and management and the development of planning documents in the field of national security, taking into account the peculiarities of the current stage of global development, the variability of the security environment. The purpose of this article is to identify problematic issues in the field of national security planning in Ukraine and ways to improve the process of development and implementation of the National Security Strategy, taking into account the best world practices. The research is based on the analysis of publications by domestic and foreign researchers in the field of strategic planning, appropriate legal acts of Ukraine, as well as the author's experience gained from her involving in development of draft strategic documents of the state. This article is focusing on solving the following scientific and practical problems: identification of the main trends in the development of methodological framework of strategic planning in the field of national security; identification of problems in the field of strategic planning in the field of national security of Ukraine; identification of scientifically substantiated ways to improve the process of strategic planning in the field of national security in Ukraine, taking into account the best international practices. The main research methods are empirical (in particular, observations, descriptions, comparisons) and general scientific (primarily, analysis, synthesis, generalization, explanation, historical and logical methods, etc.). The main results of the study are, in particular, the following: It is determined that in accordance to the best world practices the development of national security strategies take into account the principles of national resilience and the wide expert involvement in the process of preparation of such a document is recommended. The growing role of strategic management and the need to ensure national resilience characterize current trends in the development of methodological framework of strategic planning in the field of national security. It is emphasized that the very fact that the state has a national security strategy based on the scientific ground is not a guarantee of achieving certain goals and results in practice. Therefore, the process of implementation of such a document should be under constant control by the public authorities. The new cycle of planning has been starting after the adoption in 2020 of the new National Security Strategy of Ukraine. The analysis conducted by the author revealed a number of problematic issues, the solution of which requires, in particular, the amendment to the Law of Ukraine "On National Security of Ukraine" in terms of strategic planning. The fundamental differences and innovations of the current National Security Strategy of Ukraine in comparison with its previous editions are determined. It is emphasized that lessons from the experience of implementing strategic planning documents in the field of national security should be learned in Ukraine. It is determined that the low level of implementation of previous national security strategies of Ukraine was caused by the declarative nature of some of their norms, lack and formality of control over the implementation of such documents, lack of reporting procedures, indicators and criteria for evaluating the results, including for their compliance with certain objectives. The lack of attention to the analysis of the security situation in appropriate field, risk assessment, forecasting, threat identification and vulnerability detection are identified as some of the most significant problems during the preparation of strategic planning documents in the field of national security. Based on the results of the study, recommendations for the state authorities of Ukraine were prepared.

CIVIL SOCIETY AS THE MAIN DRIVER SUSTAINABILITY OF COMMUNITIES IN CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Orlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
National Security ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Community Sustainability ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
The Impact

The article considers a set of issues related to the formation of sustainability in the state at different levels of government: national, regional and local, with an emphasis on the sustainability of territorial communities. The concept of "sustainability" is defined, the criteria of sustainability for national security and its components at the local level are analyzed, in particular, in the formation of affluent communities. Sustainability is considered in various aspects: as a component of national security and defense of the state, in relation to the concepts of "cohesion" and "national security". Financial stability is justified as an important sign of the viability of local communities. The role of civil society in shaping the sustainability of communities is revealed, as well as different views of scientists on the impact of civil society on sustainability are analyzed. The foreign experience of implementation of the basic principles of sustainability in the life of communities is studied. The most important component of sustainability is the ability of the community to consolidate to counteract harmful and dangerous external and internal influences. Open partnership of public authorities with business structures and the public should be a prerequisite for this. It is proved that in the conditions of decentralization and various internal and external challenges, civil society (active citizens and civil society institutions) can and should be a driver of community sustainability. It is assumed that the implementation of state policy to promote the development of civil society should create a solid foundation of democracy in Ukraine as a component of national sustainability. Since the systemic mechanisms for ensuring national sustainability in the Ukrainian state at both national and local levels are not yet fully formed, the development and implementation of comprehensive strategic decisions in this area requires proper scientific substantiation, which is why the author’s contribution to this topic.

SEARCHING FOR LEGAL GROUNDS FOR ENTREPRENEURS’ COMPENSATION CLAIMS FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY RESTRICTIONS ON BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN ORDER TO COMBAT COVID-19 – PART II

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (XXI) ◽  
pp. 155-172
Author(s):  
Wojciech Papis
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Compensation Claims ◽  
Legal Grounds

In the second part of the article, the author discusses the procedure for recognizing normative acts as unconstitutional - which is the basis for claiming compensation from the state treasury for damages caused by the application of these unconstitutional normative acts and regulations based on the provisions of substantive civil law. When analyzing the content of the regulations regarding the COVID-19 epidemic, the author reviews the regulations that raise doubts in the doctrine as to their constitutionality. He also notes the inconsistency of these provisions with the legal system. Finally, the problem of possible compensation of the state treasury for damages caused by the legal activities of public authorities is discussed

LEGAL REGULATION DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY IN THE SYSTEM OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Davydova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
Socialist State ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
Delegation Of Powers

Delegation of authority itself, as an element of the system of relations in the sphere of local self-government, is one of the most difficult, since the completeness of the competences of local self-government bodies and their resource provision occupy a central place in the scientific discourse on this issue. The legal and organizational support of delegation is also unstable today from the point of view of the completeness of the mechanisms of administrative and legal regulation of this direction of the implementation of the right to self- government by communities. In the context of the administrative reform, the consolidation of administrative-territorial units, the stimulation of the creation of united territorial communities, the question of finding the most optimal model for organizing delegation, as a process of redistribution of powers, acquires particular relevance and importance. The aim of the research is to study the formation of legal regulation of delegation of powers in the system of local self- government in Ukraine. The article defines the content of legal regulation, which is characterized by such elements as form, subject and methods. Review that the forms of legal regulation are normative legal acts adopted according to the procedures by authorized public authorities, the subject of regulation of which is the process of delegation of powers in the local self-government system. The author revealed that the idea of local self-government, provides for the decentralization of power, organizational and financial autonomy of self- government bodies, contradicted the doctrine of the socialist state, as well as the task of the state of the proletarian dictatorship, was centralized by nature. It has been substantiated that the adoption of the Law of Ukraine dated May 21, 1997 No. 280/97-ВР "On local self-government in Ukraine" became a decisive step towards creating a system of local self-government in Ukraine, effective organizational and legal support for the delegation of powers in the local self- government system. By means of retrospective analysis, it was determined that the idea of local self-government, provides for the decentralization of power, organizational and financial autonomy of self-government bodies, contradicted the doctrine of the socialist state, as well as the task of the state of the proletarian dictatorship, was centralized by nature.

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
S. V. NEZHDAI ◽  
◽  
A. Yu. LUKYANOVA ◽  
I. S. GRUZINOVA ◽  
A. A. PROSTYAKOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Partnership Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development

The article shows that, in general, cooperation between public authorities and private business is one of the most important factors that generally affect the social and economic development of territories. The powers in the field of organizational and regulatory regulation of public-private partnership issues at the federal level are considered.

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