scholarly journals Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition: A Literature Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Roberts ◽  
Kevin Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Open Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Strategic Review ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Open Data Movement

This paper begins by locating the Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition project (GODAN) in the context of wider debates in the open data movement by first reviewing the literature on open data and open data for agriculture and nutrition (ODAN). The review identifies a number of important gaps and limitations in the existing literature. There has been no independent evaluation of who most benefits or who is being left behind regarding ODAN. There has been no independent evaluation of gender or diversity in ODAN or of the development outcomes or impacts of ODAN. The existing research on ODAN is over-reliant on key open data organisations and open data insiders who produce most of the research. This creates bias in the data and analysis. The authors recommend that these gaps are addressed in future research. The paper contributes a novel conceptual ‘SCOTA’ framework for analysing the barriers to and drivers of open data adoption, which could be readily applied in other domains. Using this framework to review the existing literature highlights the fact that ODAN research and practice has been predominantly supply-side focused on the production of open data. The authors argue that if open data is to ‘leave no one behind’, greater attention now needs to be paid to understanding the demand-side of the equation and the role of intermediaries. The paper argues that there is a compelling need to improve the participation of women, people living with disabilities, and other marginalised groups in all aspects of open data for agriculture and nutrition. The authors see a need for further research and action to enhance the capabilities of marginalised people to make effective use of open data. The paper concludes with the recommendation that an independent strategic review of open data in agriculture and nutrition is overdue. Such a review should encompass the structural factors shaping the process of ODAN; include a focus on the intermediary and demand-side processes; and identify who benefits and who is being left behind.

scholarly journals The State of Open Data: Histories and Horizons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Davies ◽  
Stephen B. Walker ◽  
Mor Rubinstein ◽  
Fernando Luis Perini
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Open Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Open Data Movement ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Real World Problems

Its been ten years since open data first broke onto the global stage. Over the past decade, thousands of programmes and projects around the world have worked to open data and use it to address a myriad of social and economic challenges. Meanwhile, issues related to data rights and privacy have moved to the centre of public and political discourse. As the open data movement enters a new phase in its evolution, shifting to target real-world problems and embed open data thinking into other existing or emerging communities of practice, big questions still remain. How will open data initiatives respond to new concerns about privacy, inclusion, and artificial intelligence? And what can we learn from the last decade in order to deliver impact where it is most needed? The State of Open Data brings together over 60 authors from around the world to address these questions and to take stock of the real progress made to date across sectors and around the world, uncovering the issues that will shape the future of open data in the years to come.

Armchair Auditors: Crowdsourcing Analysis of Government Expenditures

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Open Data Movement

ABSTRACT Increasingly, there is interest in using information and communications technology (ICT) to help build a “better world.” As an example, the United Kingdom has initiated an “open data” movement to disclose financial information about federal and local governments and other organizations. This has led to the use of a wide range of technologies (Internet, Databases, Web 2.0, etc.) to facilitate disclosure. However, since there is a huge cost of generating and maintaining open data, there also is a concern: “will anyone do anything with the data?” In a speech in 2009, David Cameron, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, used the term “armchair auditor” to describe crowdsourcing analysis of that data. In that speech, Cameron (2009) noted: “Just imagine the effect that an army of armchair auditors is going to have on those expense claims.” Accordingly, as more and more countries and organizations generate open data, those “armchair auditors” could play an increasingly important role: to help crowdsource monitoring of government expenditures. This paper investigates a number of potential benefits and a number of emerging concerns associated with armchair auditors.

Corpus Phonetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Y. Liberman
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Speech Patterns ◽  
Open Data Movement

Semiautomatic analysis of digital speech collections is transforming the science of phonetics. Convenient search and analysis of large published bodies of recordings, transcripts, metadata, and annotations—up to three or four orders of magnitude larger than a few decades ago—have created a trend towards “corpus phonetics,” whose benefits include greatly increased researcher productivity, better coverage of variation in speech patterns, and crucial support for reproducibility. The results of this work include insights into theoretical questions at all levels of linguistic analysis, along with applications in fields as diverse as psychology, medicine, and poetics, as well as within phonetics itself. Remaining challenges include still-limited access to the necessary skills and a lack of consistent standards. These changes coincide with the broader Open Data movement, but future solutions will also need to include more constrained forms of publication motivated by valid concerns for privacy, confidentiality, and intellectual property.

scholarly journals The Challenges of Open Data Movement for Education: What is the Say of Young Employees and Students in Croatia?

2021 ◽  
pp. 374-383
Author(s):  
Branka Mraović
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
Data Policy ◽  
Data Portal ◽  
Open Data Movement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

This paper aims to shed light on how students and young employees in Croatia assess their education for open data and what is their opinion on the compliance of the central Open Data Portal with the needs of young people as well as how they evaluate open data policy related to the young people in Croatia. This research highlights the lack of technical knowledge as a serious obstacle to the productive use of open data. As many as 56% of respondents from companies that have undergone digital transformation believe that they do not have enough knowledge to participate in open data projects, and the same scepticism is expressed by 59.6% of non-technical respondents and 45.7% of students. The data presented in this paper is part of a broader empirical research on the impact of digitalization on the transformation of the Croatian economy, carried out by the author in late 2018 on a sample of 51 young employees from 10 companies in the city of Zagreb and 70 students from 16 technical and non-technical Faculties of Zagreb University.

Open data movement in Greece

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Alexopoulos ◽  
Lefkothea Spiliotopoulou ◽  
Yannis Charalabidis
Keyword(s):  
Open Data ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
Open Data Movement

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TEXTS IN CONTEXT. TOWARDS A CONCEPTUAL DATA MODEL (THE THOT DATA MODEL - TDM)

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
STÉPHANE POLIS ◽  
VINCENT RAZANAJAO
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Linked Open Data ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Online Implementation ◽  
Conceptual Data ◽  
Open Data Movement

Abstract In this paper, we propose a conceptual data model which could be the basis for future implementations of databases and digital corpuses of Ancient Egyptian texts that fully integrate the material dimensions of writing. The types of metadata that can be used for documenting the elements and relationships of this model are discussed and the resources (URIs) available for its online implementation (in the perspective of the ‘linked open data’ movement) are examined.

scholarly journals Civil Society and the Open Data Movement

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Church
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Nongovernmental Organization ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Global Community ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
Library Users ◽  
Open Data Movement

The GODORT International Documents Task Force held a pre-conference at the 2013 ALA Annual Conference in Chicago titled “International Statistics: Helping Library Users Understand the Global Community,”1 with which I was only marginally involved. But I was asked by the committee if it was worth presenting on Nongovernmental Organization (NGO) data, to which I replied it was not: most civil society organizations were not yet in the business of repurposing publicly available data or publishing their own.

scholarly journals Opening government health data to the public: benefits, challenges, and lessons learned from early innovators

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika G Martin ◽  
Grace M Begany
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
New York State ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Open Data Movement

Objective: Government agencies are rapidly developing web portals to proactively publish “open” data that are searchable, available in nonproprietary formats, and with unlimited use and distribution rights. In this dynamic environment, we aimed to understand the experiences of 2 early leaders in open health data, the US Department of Health and Human Services and the New York State Department of Health. Materials and Methods: Semistructured interviews with 40 practitioners and policymakers elicited value propositions, capabilities required for successful open data programs, and strategies for improving impact and sustainability. Transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach to identify common perspectives and divergent viewpoints. Results: Respondents were optimistic about the value of open data, reporting numerous opportunities to advance the triple aim of lower costs, improved health care quality, and better population health. Benefits to agencies include enhanced data quality and more efficient operations. External benefits include improved health literacy, data-driven changes in health care delivery, consumer engagement, and community empowerment. Key challenges are resources, cultural resistance, navigating legal and regulatory issues, and data quality. Discussion: The open data movement will likely continue, but success requires sustained leadership, resources, organizational cultural change, promotion of data use, and governance. Jurisdictions that are initiating open data programs can incorporate these lessons from early innovators. Conclusions: The open data movement has a bright future but unknown long-term impact. To maintain momentum, important directions for the field include reconsidering legal guidance on protecting health data in the open data era and quantifying the return on investment.

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