scholarly journals Role of Resilience Factors in Mitigating the Negative Effects of Conflict on Land Expansion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesoji Adelaja ◽  
Justin George ◽  
Thomas Jayne ◽  
Milu Muyanga ◽  
Titus Awokuse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Economic Volatility ◽  
Social Safety Nets

Shocks and stresses from natural disasters, climate change, economic volatility, armed conflicts and political instability could hinder expansion efforts by smallholder farms (SHFs). The application of the resilience concept as a mitigator of the impacts of such shocks on land expansion by farmers is an important developmental challenge. In this paper, we hypothesise that the resilience capacity of SHFs mitigate the adverse effects of conflict shocks and examine how assets, off-farm income, access to social safety nets, and education level of the household lead contribute to household-level resilience to armed conflicts.

scholarly journals Pakistan: Breaking Out of Stagflation into Sustained Growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 13-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Amjad ◽  
Musleh ud Din Musleh ud Din ◽  
Abdul Qayyum Abdul Qayyum
Keyword(s):  
Output Growth ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Supply Shocks ◽  
Fiscal Balance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
Social Safety Nets ◽  
Macroeconomic Management

This paper proposes that the underlying cause of the macroeconomic problems facing Pakistan today are a series of supply shocks which have constrained output growth. It is argued that while the current debate has solely focused on government expenditures and revenues, it is critical to also address the acute energy shortages which is constraining supply. The paper goes on to present four recommendations for breaking out of the present stagflation: (i) prudent macroeconomic management, (ii) reviving the role of the government in development while restoring fiscal balance, (iii) loosening monetary policy in order to spur the private sector, and (iv) improving social safety nets.

Democracy, Market and Social Safety Nets: Implications for Postcommunist Eastern Europe

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalman Rupp
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources ◽  
Social Safety Nets ◽  
Political Decisionmaking ◽  
Party State

ABSTRACTPast discussions of market versus planned economies in terms of the efficiency/equity tradeoff missed the adverse equity implications of totalitarian political systems and the importance of pluralistic political decisionmaking structures. The paper demonstrates the role of the paternalistic party–state in creating nonmarket inequities, limiting the articulation of political preferences concerning social safety nets, and restricting nonstate sources of welfare. The transition to pluralistic market economies implies potential improvements both in equity and efficiency. The distinct problems of the transition are primarily rooted in uncertainties arising from the scarcity of resources and the fluidity of political preferences.

Contemporary German-French relations in political-military sphere

2021 ◽  
pp. 288-313
Author(s):  
Philipp Trunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Eu

Since the era of Cold War the dialogue with France has been too important for FRG in its efforts to strengthen its influence both in the Euro-Atlantic community and in the world. That is why the article has the goal to explore the relations between these two European powers in the security sphere from the second half of the 2010 s until the beginning of the 2020 s. The paper tries to determine the degree of institutionalization of interstate relations and the role of bilateral negotiating platforms in the creating of common position on international problems. It is also important to show the dynamics of negotiating process on the highest level. The author also examines the key articles of the Aachen Treaty (2019). In this regard the paper analyses early efforts of Emmanuel Macron to confirm French leadership in bilateral tandem. The article considers the features of German-French tactics to minimize negative impact of Brexit on the EU. Another aspect is the tandem actions aimed at weakening of negative effects of the steps of Trump`s administration over the system of international security. In this regard it`s important to show German-French contribution in the development of PESCO and also to analyse what problems and perspectives two powers may face on their way to the creation of common European army. Another interesting aspect is the features of common approach to the resolution of the armed conflicts in Ukraine and Syria, keeping JCPOA. The article also covers the «bottlenecks» and features of German diplomatic and military assistance to France in Mali. The situation shows the growing mutual interest for the deepening of cooperation in the Sahel G5 (also Burkina-Faso, Mauretania, Niger, Tchad). The author concludes about the prospects of German leadership in the tandem and its importance for both powers in the long-term.

scholarly journals The essential role of farm capital in the sustainability of smallholder farms in West Java (Indonesia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pria Sembada ◽  
Guillaume Duteurtre ◽  
Charles-Henri Moulin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
West Java ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cattle Farms

Smallholder farms represent the largest population of dairy cattle farms in Indonesia. Dairy activities can play an important role to secure the livelihood of smallholder farms. However, small farms face several constraints and challenges to be sustainable in the future. To assess the sustainability of smallholder dairy farms and to understand in what conditions farms are more sustainable, we conducted a study in two districts of the West Java Province. Our method was based on participatory meetings that allowed us to identify “critical features” of the local farming systems, and associated indicators. From discussions with local stakeholders, we proposed 6 “strategic indicators” of sustainability. Five of those indicators were related to the social and economic dimensions of sustainability, which appeared to be crucial in the local context. To assess the sustainability of farms based on those 6 indicators, we collected secondary data from the local cooperative, and carried out a formal field survey to 355 farmers from May to August 2015. Results showed that the most sustainable farms were those who had highest capital and diversified activity. Farms which had low capital but had additional activity were more sustainable than specialized ones. Whereas the level of farm income appears to be linked directly to farm capital, pluriactivity contributes to reduce risks related to dairy business and to gain benefit from synergies between activities. In the future, policies and projects to enhance farm capital and farmers’ pluriactivity will be needed to support the sustainability of smallholder farms.

scholarly journals The Role of Liquidity in Preventing Dis-investment in Crop Inputs: Evidence from Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-396
Author(s):  
Yoko Kusunose ◽  
Nicole Mason-Wardell ◽  
Solomon Tembo
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Income Shocks ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Small Livestock ◽  
Rural Zambia

Abstract Despite the current focus on asset smoothing, very few studies consider how seasonal crop input decisions are affected by income shocks. If households cope with ‘bad’ harvests by cutting back on production inputs in the following seasons, they are likely to be slowing down their economic recovery. If such shocks increase in frequency, the ability to recover quickly becomes critical. This study posits that access to liquidity sources plays a role in determining a household’s investments in crop inputs following low-harvest years. Using nationally representative, household-level panel survey data from rural Zambia, we test for differential effects—by household liquidity level—of rainfall shocks on input investments in own-farm production. We estimate semi-elasticities, with respect to these shocks, of four maize inputs: basal fertilizer, top dressing fertilizer, improved maize seed and area planted to maize. Crucially, we allow the magnitude of these input adjustments to differ by household liquidity indicators, as measured by chickens, small livestock (sheep, goats, pigs), cattle, off-farm income and access to fertilizer subsidies. Our findings suggest that rainfall shocks negatively affect the use of some maize inputs. Importantly, households with cattle and access to the national fertilizer subsidy program show significantly smaller reductions in the use of mineral fertilizer. Curiously, we also observe that households with poultry and small livestock reduce their fertilizer use even more than those without.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Can trust become a factor of economic growth? Dynamic changes in the level of trust of Russian youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
A. A. Stavinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.

الإمام المصلح عبد الحميد بن باديس: حياته وجهوده التربوية Reformer Imam Abdal-hamid ibn Badis: His Life and Educational Reforms

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-152
Author(s):  
باي زكوب عبد العالي ◽  
سوهيرين محمد صوليحين
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Journalism Education ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Difficult Times

الملخّصيعدّ عبد الحميد بن باديس أحد العلماء الجزائريين المبرزين بالإصلاح الاجتماعي والدّيني والسّياسي والتربوي، عاش خمسين سنة في القرن العشرين الميلادي، حيث كانت ولادته سنة 1889م، وكانت وفاته سنة 1940م، ولقد فرض الواقع الجزائري إبّان فترة الاحتلال الفرنسي الذي كان يسعى إلى طمس ثوابت الأمّة الجزائرية، وخرق تاريخها، وهُويّتها، وثقافتها، ووحدتها الدينيّة، واللّغوية على ابن باديس أن يسلك نهج التربية والتعليم، قاصداً بذلك مواجهة الاحتلال الفرنسي الغاشم من خلال عدّة جبهات ومجالات كمثل مجال الصحافة، ومجال التربية والتعليم، ومجال الجمعيات، ومجال السياسة وغير ذلك، يهدف هذا البحث إلى إبراز دور عبد الحميد بن باديس في النّهوض بالأمّة الجزائريّة نحو تربيّة أفضل، وحياة أسعد، فيبدأ أوّلاً وبشكل موجز، بالتعرّف على الفترة الصعبة التي عايشها ابن باديس والمتمثلة في فترة الاحتلال الفرنسي الغاشم، وآثاره السلبية على الصعيد السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي والثقافي والديني الجزائري وقتذاك، ثم يقوم ثانياً بتسليط الضّوء على حياة ابن باديس وتكوينه العلمي ورحلاته الداخلية وأسفاره الخارجية؛ ثم يسعى ثالثاً وبتعمّق، التعرّف على أعمال ابن باديس الاجتماعيّة وجهوده التربويّة التي أخذت حظّاً وافراً من حياته اليومية، والتي تركّزت على منبرين رئيسين، هما: منبر الصّحافة، ومنبر التربيّة والتعليم.الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الإمام عبد الحميد بن باديس، الاحتلال الفرنسي، التربية، الجزائر، الإصلاح.             AbstractImÉm ‘Abd al-×amÊd ibn BÉdÊs is an Algerian scientist, and eminent social, religious, political and educational reformer. He lived fifty years in the twentieth century. He was born in 1889 and died in 1940, and lived during the French occupation that attempted to distort and undermine the foundations of the Algerian nation by destroying its history, identity, culture, and religious and linguistic unity. Ibn BÉdÊs pursued an educational approach to face the brutal French occupation on several fronts, including journalism, education, civil associations, politics, etc. This paper highlights the role of ‘Abd al-×amÊd ibn BÉdÊs in the advancement of the Algerian nation toward better education and a happier life. The paper begins with a brief canvas of the difficult times in which Ibn BÉdÊs lived, and the negative effects of the brutal French occupation from political, economic, social, cultural and religious angles, besides highlighting the life of Ibn BÉdÊs, his education and his local and international travels. The focus of this research is an in-depth examination of Ibn BÉdÊs’ social and educational efforts that consumed much of his daily routine: journalism, and education.Keywords: ImÉm ‘Abd al-×amÊd ibn BÉdÊs, the French Occupation, Education, Algeria, Reform.

scholarly journals Measuring Household Resilience to Cyclone Disasters in Coastal Bangladesh

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Maruf ◽  
J. Craig Jenkins ◽  
Amelie Bernzen ◽  
Boris Braun
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Indicator Approach ◽  
Island Communities ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring ◽  
Social Safety Nets

The main objective of this paper is to measure the level of household resilience to cyclone and storm surges in the coastal area of Bangladesh. We draw on four general disaster frameworks in terms of addressing household-level resilience to cyclones and storm surges. We use a composite indicator approach organized around four components: (1) household infrastructure (HI); (2) household economic capacity (HEC); (3) household self-organization and learning (HSoL), and; (4) social safety nets (SSN). Drawing on a household survey (N = 1188) in nine coastal union parishads in coastal Bangladesh purposively selected as among the most vulnerable places in the world, we use principal components analysis applied to a standardized form of the survey data that identifies key household resilience features. These household index scores can be used for the assessment and monitoring of household capacities, training, and other efforts to improve household cyclone resilience. Our innovative methodological approach allows us to (a) identify patterns and reveal the underlying factors that accurately describe the variation in the data; (b) reduce a large number of variables to a much smaller number of core dimensions of household resilience, and (c) to detect spatial variations in resilience among communities. Aggregated to the community level, our new index reveals significant differences in community cyclone resilience in different areas of the coastal region. In this way, we can show that shoreline and island communities, in particular, have significant deficits in terms of household resilience, which seem to be mutually reinforcing one another and making for lower resilience.

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