scholarly journals Evaluating the Key Determinants of India’s Energy Security and Overseas Equity Oil Investment

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Dulal Halder ◽  
Anshuman Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
National Oil Companies ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
The Government

<p>In a span of about two decades, India has become the second fastest growing economy in the world after China. India has surpassed other Asian developing countries not only because of increases in inflows of foreign direct investment but also because of its potential to be a significant outward investor, including in the energy sector. With less than one percent of the world’s oil and gas reserves, more than 80% of its oil requirement is imported. Overseas equity oil investment gradually emerged as a policy instrument of augmenting energy security. In the early 2000s, Indian national oil companies (NOCs) were encouraged by the Government to seek sourcing fossil fuels from abroad. While equity ownership ensures long-term supply security, they are complex and bring in strategic and geo-political considerations. Within India, there are demands for stronger diplomatic support. In this paper, the factors governing outward investment for equity oil are analysed in the context of an energy security framework with four vectors of Accessibility, diversity, reliability, and affordability.</p>

Progress in merging India’s oil companies may be slow

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Energy Company ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
At Home

Subject India's efforts to make state-run oil companies more competitive at home and abroad. Significance India’s Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), which specialises in exploration, is set to acquire a majority stake in refiner Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) by the end of the fiscal year ending March 2018. The planned consolidation of these two state-owned enterprises (SOEs) reflects the Indian government’s aim of making public sector oil companies more competitive at home and abroad, improving long-term energy security. Impacts India’s oil ministry will become increasingly involved in scrutinising oil companies’ competitiveness domestically and overseas. Any perceived privatisation of the ONGC’s assets could be met with protests by many of its 33,000 employees. The ONGC will in the long term need to diversify into a broader energy company rather than focusing only on oil and gas.

Am Tropf Russlands? Ein Konzept zur empirischen Messung von Energieversorgungssicherheit

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Frondel ◽  
Christoph M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Supply Risk ◽  
Statistical Indicator ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Domestic Energy ◽  
Oil Embargo

AbstractAlong with the oil price, concerns about the security of energy supply have soared once again in recent years. Yet, more than 30 years after the OPEC oil embargo in 1973, energy security still remains a diffuse concept. This article conceives a statistical indicator that aims at characterizing the long-term energy supply risk of nations that are heavily dependent on energy imports. Our indicator condenses the bulk of empirical information on the imports of fossil fuels originating from a multitude of export countries as well as data on the indigenous contribution to the domestic energy supply, thereby providing us with a single parameter. Applying the proposed concept to empirical energy data on Germany (1980-2004), we find that the energy supply risk has increased substantially since the 1970s. This outcome is mainly due to the drastic raise of oil and gas imports from Russia.

China’s Geopolitical Economy of Energy Security

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi P. Amineh ◽  
Guang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
National Oil Companies ◽  
Structure State ◽  
Global Impacts ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

Abstract China’s transition to an urban-industrial society relies predominantly on its abundant domestic coal supplies and, secondly, on an increase in oil and gas imports. For this reason, China’s strategic investments in the oil and gas industries of resource-rich, energy-exporting countries have vastly increased. Given the high levels of import-dependency, the domestic power-wealth structures in China rely on uninterrupted supplies from beyond state borders. In their search for supply security, major import-dependent actors have two options. One is to reduce dependency by, for instance, higher energy efficiency. Another option is to increase the security of energy imports. This requires improving supply security from resource-rich oil- and gas-exporting countries and regions. The significant growth in the overseas assets and activities of China’s state-led National Oil Companies (nocs) are crucial to China’s energy supply security. In this study we argue that the transnational activities of Chinese nocs are part of the country’s so-called ‘statist’, state-led economic globalization, in the course of which some developing economies have become global political powers. In this paper we outline the approach and the conceptual foundations to understand geopolitical economy of energy security in China based on the following section: [1] the unit of analysis in the Political Economy of Energy. [2] Sequential industrialization and its global impacts, [3] Fossil fuel security and resource-scarcity, [4] China’s power structure, state class, and industrialization, [5] Industrialization, lateral pressure, the geopolitical economy and China’s external relations [6] National oil companies: changing the game.

scholarly journals Potential for Farmers’ Cooperatives to Convert Coffee Husks into Biochar and Promote the Bioeconomy in the North Ecuadorian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4747
Author(s):  
Mario A. Heredia Salgado ◽  
Ina Säumel ◽  
Andrea Cianferoni ◽  
Luís A. C. Tarelho
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
The North ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Ecuadorian Amazon ◽  
Specific Standard ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post Harvesting ◽  
Term Maintenance

Improving the livelihoods of communities living in fragile ecosystems, such as tropical forests, is among the main strategies to promote their conservation and preserve wildlife. In the Ecuadorian Amazon, farmers’ cooperatives are recognized as an important mechanism to improve the socioeconomic conditions of local communities. This study analyzes the integration of pyrolysis processes to convert agricultural waste into biochar as a way to implement the bioeconomy in these organizations. We found that post-harvesting processes in the studied farmers’ cooperatives are similar, and coffee husks are a potential feedstock to produce biochar. Although the environmental policies in Ecuador consider the valorization of agricultural waste, we did not find any specific standard to regulate the operation of pyrolysis facilities. Nonetheless, conversion of agricultural waste into biochar can contribute to (i) replacement of subsidized fossil fuels used in drying processes, (ii) prevention of environmental pollution caused by accumulation of waste, (iii) emergence of new income sources linked with the provision of carbon sequestration services, and (iv) the long-term maintenance of soil fertility. Currently, demonstration projects are needed to stimulate collaboration among farmers’ cooperatives, academia, the government, international cooperation agencies, and existing forest conservation initiatives.

Using system dynamics to evaluate renewable electricity development in Malaysia

Kybernetes ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Ahmad ◽  
Razman bin Mat Tahar
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Capacity Expansion ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy Targets

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an assessment of Malaysia's renewable capacity target. Malaysia relies heavily on fossil fuels for electricity generation. To diversify the fuel-mix, a technology-specific target has been set by the government in 2010. Considering the complexity in generation expansion, there is a dire need for an assessment model that can evaluate policy in a feedback fashion. The study also aims to expand policy evaluation literature in electricity domain by taking a dynamic systems approach. Design/methodology/approach – System dynamics modelling and simulation approach is used in this study. The model variables, selected from literature, are constituted into casual loop diagram. Later, a stock and flow diagram is developed by integrating planning, construction, operation, and decision making sub-models. The dynamic interactions between the sub-sectors are analysed based on the short-, medium- and long-term policy targets. Findings – Annual capacity constructions fail to achieve short-, medium- and long-term targets. However, the difference in operational capacity and medium- and long-term target are small. In terms of technology, solar photovoltaic (PV) attains the highest level of capacity followed by biomass. Research limitations/implications – While financial calculations are crucial for capacity expansion decisions, currently they are not being modelled; this study primarily focuses on system delays and exogenous components only. Practical implications – A useful model that offers regulators and investors insights on system characteristics and policy targets simultaneously. Originality/value – This paper provides a model for evaluating policy for renewable capacity expansion development in a dynamic context, for Malaysia.

ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR THE EAST ASIA/PACIFIC REGION: IMPLICATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR AUSTRALIAN OIL AND GAS EXPLORERS AND PRODUCERS

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
N.G. Grollman
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Resource Limitations

The oil and gas reserves of Australia and the East Asian region fall well short of the region's long-term requirements, even for a scenario that phases out all fossil fuels by the end of the 21st century. There is, therefore, no contradiction between vigorous exploration for oil and gas and the process of transition to renewable energy sources. However, to be an independent player in environmental policy-making, the Australian petroleum exploration industry should focus on its particular role within the energy sector as a whole, whose nature will change radically over the next several decades. This role will combine concerns over long term oil supply security with, in particular, the objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from oil and gas consumption to levels commensurate with Australia's international obligations. The role extends to Australian involvement in the region as a whole through the accrual of emissions credits from projects implemented jointly with developing countries. It also envisages that Australian explorers, especially those focussed on gas, will form alliances with downstream companies, power generators, appliance manufacturers and energy marketers as links in an integrated chain of operations with value added and emissions reduced at each stage. This re-orientation should lead the industry to question the extent to which its interests correspond with those of the coal and mineral industries, which do not face the same resource limitations.

Low oil prices put pressure on China's energy policy

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
International Market ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
National Oil Companies ◽  
Financial Pressure ◽  
Difficult Time

Subject Effect of low oil prices on China. Significance China is the world's second-largest oil user and imports nearly 60% of its annual requirements. If oil prices remain below 50 dollars per barrel, China's import bill for crude oil will fall by tens of billions of dollars in 2015, while the national oil companies (NOCs) face a difficult time as their profits from oil production are squeezed. However, the consequences are not straightforward due to the government's role in setting energy prices and the mix of commercial and state objectives of the NOCs. Impacts Financial pressure on China's NOCs will not be as great as on their international counterparts. The NOCs are likely to embark on a spree of buying overseas oil and gas assets. With contracted gas supplies exceeding domestic demand, Chinese LNG importers will sell surplus on the international market.

Belarus will contest gas price as Russia's charms fade

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Lower Price ◽  
The West ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gas Price

Subject Arguments about gas prices as a reflection of deteriorating relations. Significance Attempts by the Belarusian government to secure a lower price for gas imported from Russia have political undertones. The government is cautiously distancing itself from Moscow while signalling an openness to improved ties with the West. A long-term energy security programme adopted in December 2015 sets out steps towards diversifying fuel imports and would, if successful, undermine Russia's role as monopoly supplier. Impacts Reduced economic reliance on Russia is likely to be accompanied by greater political frictions. A worsening relationship could prompt Moscow to consider covertly undermining the Belarusian leadership. The government is unlikely to institute democratic and human rights reforms. This reluctance to change will be a constraint on closer EU ties.

Entrepreneurial implications of Nigeria's oil industry local content policy

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugwushi Bellema Ihua ◽  
Olatunde Abiodun Olabowale ◽  
Kamdi Nnanna Eloji ◽  
Chris Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
General Level ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Local Content ◽  
National Oil Companies ◽  
Indigenous Entrepreneurs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of Nigeria's oil and gas industry local content (LC) policy, with particular reference to how the policy has enhanced entrepreneurial activities and served as panacea to resolving some of the country's socio‐economic challenges within the oil‐producing Niger Delta region.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were randomly obtained from a questionnaire sample of 120 indigenes in Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers states; and subjected to factor‐analysis using varimax rotation to identify the most crucial factors likely to influence the success of the policy. Cronbach's α was also applied to ascertain the reliability of the data and overall agreement amongst respondents.FindingsThe study reveals a general level of indifference amongst the respondents, and an insignificant level of entrepreneurial implication, regarding the LC policy. Notwithstanding, the need to create business prospects, jobs opportunities, and establish special quota arrangements to benefit indigenes of the oil producing host‐communities were found to be most crucial in their assessment of the policy's efficacy.Practical implicationsIt is expected that the policy should stimulate and open up more channels for budding entrepreneurial activities, job opportunities and wealth generation. These would mitigate situations of unwarranted militant activities, social disorder and disguised criminalities such as kidnapping and destruction of oil installations, resulting from perceived marginalisation, massive unemployment and poor living standards experienced within the region.Originality/valueThe study provides insights into how the LC policy, if properly harnessed and judiciously implemented, can generate win‐win outcomes for the nation, multi‐national oil companies, host communities and indigenous entrepreneurs.

Legal Safeguards in Egypt's Petroleum Concession Agreements

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
Minas Khatchadourian
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Production Sharing ◽  
Arbitration Clause ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil Company

This article deals with the concession contracts for the exploration and the production of oil and gas in Egypt. Such tripartite contracts are concluded between the Government of Egypt (GOE) as the host country, a National Oil Company (NOC) as the concession holder and an international oil company (IOC) as the foreign contractor who receives a part of the oil or gas production on a production sharing agreement (PSA). From an Egyptian legal perspective, this contract is qualified as a State contract which is supposed to give the Government some exorbitant powers towards its counterparts. However, in order to attract foreign investors into this kind of agreement and encourage international oil companies to explore natural resources, several legal safeguards are incorporated in the concession agreement. Examples of this include placing the contract in the framework of a legislative act, granting the contract a supremacy on any contrary legislation, stabilization clause, adaptation of the contract through renegotiation, arbitration clause, etc.

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