scholarly journals Dry matter partitioning and harvest index of maize crop as influenced by integration of sheep manure and urea fertilizer

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Sheep Manure

scholarly journals Optimizing dry-matter partitioning for increased spike growth, grain number and harvest index in spring wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 154-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rivera-Amado ◽  
Eliseo Trujillo-Negrellos ◽  
Gemma Molero ◽  
Matthew P. Reynolds ◽  
Roger Sylvester-Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning

scholarly journals Effect of the duration of the vegetative phase on crop growth, development and yield in two contrasting pearl millet hybrids

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Q. Craufurd ◽  
F. R. Bidinger
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Vegetative Phase

SummaryThe phenotype of medium duration pearl millet varieties grown in West Africa differs from that of the shorter duration millets grown in India. African varieties are usually much taller, have longer panicles, fewer productive tillers, and a lower ratio of grain to above-ground dry-matter (harvest index). The effect of crop duration on plant phenotype was investigated in two hybrids using extended daylengths to increase the duration of the vegetative phase (GSl: sowing to panicle initiation). The two hybrids, 841A × J104 and 81A × Souna B, were considered to represent the Indian and African phenotype, respectively. Tiller production and survival, leaf area, and dry-matter accumulation and partition, were monitored over the season. Grain yield and its components were determined at maturity.The two hybrids responded similarly to the short and long daylength treatments. The duration of GSl was increased from 20 to 30 days, resulting in increased number of leaves, leaf area, and stem and total dry-matter accumulation; there was no effect on tiller production and survival, or on panicle growth rate. Grain yield was, therefore, the same in both GSl treatments, and harvest index (HI) was much reduced in the long GSl treatment owing to the increased stem growth. One evident effect of a longer GSl was on dry-matter partitioning between shoots; partitioning to the main stem (MS) was increased, whereas partitioning to the tillers was reduced.There was no difference in crop development, growth or yield between the two hybrids in either GSl treatment. The only significant differences were in the efficiency with which intercepted radiation was converted to dry matter, which was greater in 841A × J104 than in 81A × Souna B, and in the balance between MS and tillers; the grain yield of the MS was significantly greater in 81A x Souna B than in 841A × J104, but at the expense of number of productive tillers.The results demonstrate that both African and Indian phenotypes are equally productive under good agronomic conditions. The lower HI in longer duration African millets is a consequence of a much extended stem growth phase and therefore increased competition between stem and panicle during grain filling. Possible ways to increase grain yield in the medium duration African millets are considered.

scholarly journals Effect of pattern of water supply on Vicia faba L. 1. Dry matter partitioning and yield variability.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Grashoff
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Seed Yields

V. faba cultivars including cv. Minica, Kristall, Alfred and Optica were grown with (a) full irrigation, or restricted irrigation (b) after the start of flowering, (c) after the end of flowering, (d) before flowering or (e) during flowering. Irrigation from the start of flowering stimulated vegetative growth but reduced initial reproductive growth and final seed yield compared with restricted water during flowering only. In 1982-84 using cv. Minica, treatment (e) gave high av. seed yields (7 t/ha), optimum harvest index (0.61 g/g) and a relatively small range of seed yields (2.2 t/ha), while (d) gave 7.1 t/ha, lower harvest index (0.57) and a small range of seed yields (1.4 t/ha). The other treatments and no irrigation gave much lower seed yields and a larger range of seed yields. Treatment (c) gave the lowest harvest index. Similar results were obtained with cv. Alfred. It was concluded that the amount and distribution of rainfall was a major reason for variability in seed yield of this crop. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Post-flowering dry matter accumulation and partitioning and timing of crop maturity in chickpea in western Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadeta Anbessa, Tom Warkentin ◽  
Rosalind Bueckert, Albert Vandenberg ◽  
Yantai Gan
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Crop Maturity ◽  
Pod Harvest Index

A field experiment aimed at determining whether timing of crop maturity was related to patterns of dry matter (DM) accumulation and partitioning to reproductive organs in chickpea was conducted at different locations in Saskatchewan over two seasons, 2003 and 2004. Five genotypes 272-2, 298T-9, E100Ym, CDC Anna, and CDC Frontier were grown in a RCB design with four replications. Beginning at 60 d after seeding (DAS) and every 15 d following, plant samples were taken and separated into stem, leaf and pod fractions. Then dry weights of the sample fractions were determined. Total DM production showed an increasing trend over sampling dates, but the increase was at a decreasing rate beginning in mid-season. The early genotype 272-2 had a pattern of total DM accumulation similar to the others, but had significantly smaller vegetative (stem plus leaf) DM accumulation during the latter part of the growth period. This shows a relatively high proportion of DM partitioning to pod for 272-2. Also, the partitioning of resources to reproductive parts (allometric partitioning) and pod harvest index were each negatively associated with days to maturity, implying that assimilate partitioning for maximum pod DM is important for early maturity in chickpea in western Canada. Key words: days to maturity, post-flowering growth, dry matter, dry matter partitioning, pod harvest index

scholarly journals Grain Sterility in relation to Dry Mass Production and Distribution in Rice (Oryza sativaL.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam B. Puteh ◽  
M. Monjurul Alam Mondal ◽  
Mohd. Razi Ismail ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Latif
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Source Limitation

The experiment was conducted to investigate potential causes of grain sterility in widely cultivated rice variety in Malaysia, MR219 and its two mutant lines (RM311 and RM109) by examining the source-sink relations. RM311 produced increased dry matter yield both at heading and maturity and also showed higher grain yield with greater proportion of grain sterility than the other two genotypes (RM109 and MR219) resulting in the lowest harvest index (49.68%). In contrast, harvest index was greater in RM109 (53.34%) and MR219 (52.76%) with less grain sterility percentage than MR311 indicating that dry matter partitioning to economic yield was better in RM109 and MR219 than in MR311. Results indicated that dry matter allocation per spikelet from heading to maturity was important for reducing grain sterility in rice. The greater above-ground crop dry matter per spikelet was observed in RM109 and MR219 as compared to high dry matter producing genotype; RM311 implies that poor grain filling may not have resulted from dry matter production or source limitation. These findings suggest that grain sterility or poor grain filling in rice is the result of poor translocation and partitioning of assimilates into grains (sink) rather than of limited biomass production or source limitation.

Interrelationships between stem and ear development in winter wheat: the effects of a Norin 10 dwarfing gene, Gai/Rht2

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Brooking ◽  
E. J. M. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Assimilate Partitioning ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
Per Se

SummaryA field and a glasshouse experiment were carried out to assess in winter wheat genotypes the interrelationships between stem and ear development, and to relate these to number of grains and yield. Capelle-Desprez (gai/rht2) and Hobbit ‘s’ (Gai/Rht2) were used together with four F4 lines from the cross between them. Two of the lines were homozygous for gai/rht2 and two lines homozygous for Gai/Rht2. Within each pair of homozygous lines there was a contrast between a tall and a short genotype.There were no consistent differences in shoot apex morphogenesis between the genotypes, and, in general, similar numbers of spikelets and floret primordia were initiated in all genotypes. This contrasts with the hypothesis that genotypes based on Norin 10 (Gai/Rht2) have a fundamentally different pattern of ear morphogenesis. The main differences between genotypes were in dry-matter partitioning to stem and ear prior to anthesis and these were associated more consistently with the dwarfing gene than with height per se. Gai/Rht2 genotypes partitioned more dry matter to the ear during its development and less to the stem and this was reflected in greater ear weight at anthesis, more fertile florets and grains per spikelet, a higher harvest index and higher grain yield than the gai/rht2 genotypes. Although similar numbers of floret primordia were initiated in all genotypes, assimilate partitioning during development determined the proportion which developed into fertile florets at anthesis.

Dry matter accumulation and seed yield of dwarf autumn-sown white lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Harzic ◽  
C. Huyghe ◽  
J. Papineau
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Seed Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Seed

DM accumulation and seed yield formation of the dwarf autumn-sown white lupin XA100 were compared with those of the tall cultivar Lunoble for 3 yr and at two plant densities to analyse to what extent the DM allocation to seed could be altered by dwarfism. At maturity, XA100 produced an average of 10.5 t ha−1 of above-ground DM, whereas Lunoble produced 12.3 t ha−1. Seed yield of XA100 (3.59 t ha−1) and Lunoble (3.36 t ha−1) were not significantly different, but the harvest index was 0.38 for XA100 and 0.32 for Lunoble. The reduction of the proportion of DM in XA100 stems was associated with an increase in the proportion of DM allocated to pods. The contribution of each pod order to total seed yield was different for XA100 and Lunoble, with XA100 producing more on the third and fourth branch orders. The low mainstem seed yield of XA100 was associated with late pod and seed abortion. XA100 mean seed weight was 0.287 g, and its seed protein concentration was 382 g kg−1, both of which were higher than for Lunoble. XA100 was not selected for its yield potential. However, no agronomic problem associated with dwarfism was detected in this experiment. Consequently, the characteristics of the dward lupin have to be considered for the breeding of autumn-sown white lupin. Key words: White lupin, dwarfism, growth, dry matter partitioning, seed yield, harvest index

scholarly journals Crop Load and Rootstock Influence on Dry Matter Partitioning in Trees of Early and Late Ripening Peach Cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Inglese ◽  
T. Caruso ◽  
G. Gugliuzza ◽  
L.S. Pace
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Early Ripening

Effect of crop load on dry matter partitioning was studied on 3-year-old peach [(Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Peach Group)] trees of the early ripening `Early May Crest' (EMC) grafted on `GF677' and Penta (Prunus domestica L.) rootstock and the late ripening `Flaminia' grafted on `GF677' rootstock [(Prunus persica × Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb] and grown outdoors in 230-L containers, for 2 years. Fruit thinning was carried out 10 days after fruit set to produce different crop loads. Trees were sampled destructively throughout two growing seasons and divided into above-ground and root components, for dry matter and carbohydrate analysis. At the end of the fruit development period, in the first year, total tree dry matter accumulation was related linearly to crop load even when the increase in crop load greatly decreased vegetative and root growth. Total dry matter accumulation was highest in EMC/`GF 677' at any specific crop load, and EMC trees on `GF677' allocated relatively more dry matter than EMC/`Penta' trees to vegetative and root growth, even under increasing fruit sink demand. Two consecutive years of heavy crops resulted in an inverse relationship between crop load and dry matter accumulation of trees, due to a major reduction of vegetative, root, and fruit growth. The percentage of dry matter partitioned to fruit decreased with the vigor of the rootstock, and EMC/`Penta' trees had the lowest harvest index at each specific crop load. The early ripening EMC/`GF677' trees which had twice the harvest index of `Flaminia'/`GF677' trees for any level of crop load. `Flaminia'/`GF677' trees had the largest canopy size. Starch content in the roots was lowest for cropping trees and depended on the rootstock and on the length of the fruit development period, being highest for the late ripening `Flaminia'/`GF677' trees. Individual fruit weight decreased with crop load, and the reduction of fruit size was related to rootstock and time of ripening.

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