scholarly journals STIMULUS FADING AND DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEEDLE PHOBIA IN A YOUTH WITH AUTISM

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Shabani ◽  
Wayne W. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Stimulus Fading

Assessing and Treating Anxiety in Individuals with Autism

2021 ◽  
pp. 014544552110516
Author(s):  
Keira Moore ◽  
Amanda Bullard ◽  
Gemma Sweetman ◽  
William H. Ahearn
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Aversive Stimulus ◽  
Aversive Event ◽  
Stimulus Fading ◽  
Alternative Responses ◽  
Anxious Behavior ◽  
High Comorbidity

Anxiety is a cluster of responses that can involve both operant and respondent behavior, which can be both public and/or private in nature, and occurs when an upcoming aversive stimulus is signaled. Despite the reported high comorbidity of autism and anxiety, there has been very limited research on how to directly assess and treat anxiety, especially with individuals who have limited communication skills. In Study 1, anxiety was assessed in five individuals with autism, ranging in age from 10 to 19 years old. Anxiety was assessed by measuring behavior during (1) a baseline (with no putative anxiety-provoking stimuli present), (2) signals for an upcoming aversive event, and (3) exposure to that aversive event. Anxiety presented in several different ways, as both conditioned activation and suppression, and both with and without problem behavior during the aversive event. In Study 2, individualized treatments involving differential reinforcement of alternative responses and stimulus fading were used to successfully reduce anxious responding in all four participants who displayed anxiety. These studies demonstrated a potentially useful means of assessing anxiety in individuals with autism which may not only help to measure anxious behavior and identify anxiety-provoking events, but may also lead to effective treatment.

scholarly journals Stimulus Fading and Response Elaboration in Differential Reinforcement for Alternative Behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Schlichenmeyer ◽  
William V. Dube ◽  
Mariela Vargas-Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Alternative Behavior ◽  
Stimulus Fading

Differential reinforcement without extinction: A review of the literature.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
Cary E. Trump ◽  
Kevin M. Ayres ◽  
Kadijah K. Quinland ◽  
Karla A. Zabala
Keyword(s):  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Review Of The Literature

Concept learning without differential reinforcement in pigeons by means of contextual cueing.

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalliu C. Couto ◽  
Victor M. Navarro ◽  
Tatiana R. Smith ◽  
Edward A. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Concept Learning ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Contextual Cueing

Effects of differential reinforcement of choosing phrases about reading upon the duration of reading behavior

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Cazati Faleiros ◽  
Maria Martha Costa Hübner
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Response Class ◽  
Reading Behavior ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Before And After

In the scope of studies that investigate the effects of manipulation in verbal antecedents upon the related non verbal behavior, the present study evaluated the effect of differential reinforcement of one response class (choice of phrases about positive aspects about reading, interpreted as tacts with positive qualifying autoclitics) upon other class (the choice of reading behavior), reinforcing choices of phrases about positive aspects of reading and observing its effects upon the emission of reading behavior. It were registered activities and photographs chosen before and after the training. During training, four phrases appeared in a computer screen and just the choice of one of them (related to reading) was reinforced with points. The results indicated an augment of the choices in reading behavior as well as in the time of reading for the majority of the participants and an augment of the choices of choosing photographs related to reading, when compared to the results of the baseline. The results are interpreted according to behavior verbally governed.

Check-In/Check Out: Electronic Adaptation and Individual Progress Monitoring

2021 ◽  
pp. 016264342199410
Author(s):  
Jordan Yassine ◽  
Leigh Ann Tipton-Fisler
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Progress Monitoring ◽  
Middle School Student ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Electronic Application ◽  
Long Line ◽  
And Performance

Check-in/Check-Out (CICO) has a long line of research evidence demonstrating its effectiveness in increasing prosocial behavior. The current paper demonstrated an electronic application of CICO utilizing Google Sheets® with teacher feedback. Google Sheets® offers an inexpensive, collaborative, and remote method for tracking behaviors. In the first study, 2,322 teacher ratings (from 38 teachers) were compared between traditional paper CICO forms or electronic Google Sheets®. Results found that teacher ratings were significantly more complete with the use of the electronic forms. In the second study, an electronic CICO form was used for progress monitoring and performance feedback with a middle school student. Through the form we were able to successfully track our participant’s behavior change in response to CICO with the combination of feedback and a differential reinforcement intervention. Social validity showed that overall teacher ratings were high with respect to ease of use, usefulness, cost-effectiveness, and convenience of the electronic Google Sheets®.

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