scholarly journals Peptides and Their Potential Role in the Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah C. Greenwood ◽  
Stephen R. Bloom ◽  
Kevin G. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Liraglutide for psychiatric disorders: clinical evidence and challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Akif Camkurt ◽  
Luca Lavagnino ◽  
Xiang Y. Zhang ◽  
Antonio L Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Abstract Obesity and diabetes are both risk factors and consequences of psychiatric disorders. Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists such as liraglutide are widely used in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. There are considerable amounts of preclinical studies showing the effects of liraglutide on promotion of neurogenesis, while preventing apoptosis and oxidation. Preliminary clinical evidence has suggested that liraglutide could decrease weight gain, improve cognition and prevent cognitive decline. Accordingly, liraglutide has been regarded as a potential candidate for the management of psychiatric disorders. Herein, we will discuss the association between obesity/diabetes and psychiatric disorders, and the emerging use of liraglutide in psychiatry.

scholarly journals Gut as an emerging organ for the treatment of diabetes: focus on mechanism of action of bariatric and endoscopic interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 237 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Haluzík ◽  
Helena Kratochvílová ◽  
Denisa Haluzíková ◽  
Miloš Mráz
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Endoscopic Methods ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Increasing worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its accompanying pathologies such as obesity, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia represents one of the most important challenges of current medicine. Despite intensive efforts, high percentage of patients with type 2 diabetes does not achieve treatment goals and struggle with increasing body weight and poor glucose control. While novel classes of antidiabetic medications such as incretin-based therapies and gliflozins have some favorable characteristics compared to older antidiabetics, the only therapeutic option shown to substantially modify the progression of diabetes or to achieve its remission is bariatric surgery. Its efficacy in the treatment of diabetes is well established, but the exact underlying modes of action are still only partially described. They include restriction of food amount, enhanced passage of chymus into distal part of small intestine with subsequent modification of gastrointestinal hormones and bile acids secretion, neural mechanisms, changes in gut microbiota and many other possible mechanisms underscoring the importance of the gut in the regulation of glucose metabolism. In addition to bariatric surgery, less-invasive endoscopic methods based on the principles of bariatric surgery were introduced and showed promising results. This review highlights the role of the intestine in the regulation of glucose homeostasis focusing on the mechanisms of action of bariatric and especially endoscopic methods of the treatment of diabetes. A better understanding of these mechanisms may lead to less invasive endoscopic treatments of diabetes and obesity that may complement and widen current therapeutic options.

scholarly journals Unimolecular Polypharmacy for Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias H. Tschöp ◽  
Brian Finan ◽  
Christoffer Clemmensen ◽  
Vasily Gelfanov ◽  
Diego Perez-Tilve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Exercise in Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver K Fuller ◽  
Martin Whitham ◽  
Suresh Mathivanan ◽  
Mark A Febbraio
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Physical activity has systemic effects on the body, affecting almost every organ. It is important not only for general health and wellbeing, but also in the prevention of diseases. The mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of physical activity are not completely understood; however, studies indicate these benefits are not confined to simply managing energy balance and body weight. They also include systemic factors which are released into the circulation during exercise and which appear to underlie the myriad of benefits exercise can elicit. It was shown that along with a number of classical cytokines, active tissues also engage in inter-tissue communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes and other small EVs, which are able to deliver biomolecules to cells and alter their metabolism. Thus, EVs may play a role in the acute and systemic adaptations that take place during and after physical activity, and may be therapeutically useful in the treatment of a range of diseases, including metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity; and the focus of this review, neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Mo1997 Next Generation, Atraumatic Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner for the Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. AB488-AB489
Author(s):  
Barham K. Abu Dayyeh ◽  
Mark Topazian ◽  
Todd Stangenes ◽  
Kedar R. Belhe
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Jejunal Bypass ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Exercise and the Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 953-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donal J. O'Gorman ◽  
Anna Krook
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

scholarly journals Empowerment in the Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Łuczyński ◽  
Barbara Głowińska-Olszewska ◽  
Artur Bossowski
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Positive Effect

As the available therapies for diabetes and obesity are not effective enough, diabetologists and educators search for new methods to collaborate with patients in order to support their health behaviors. The aim of this review is to discuss perspectives for the development of new empowerment-type therapies in the treatment of diabetes/obesity. Empowerment is a process whereby patients gain the necessary knowledge to influence their own behavior to improve the quality of their lives. It is carried out in five stages: (1) identify the problem, (2) explain the feelings and meanings, (3) build a plan, (4) act, and (5) experience and assess the execution. Although many years have passed since the advent and popularization of the concept of empowerment, the area remains controversial, mainly with regard to the methodology of therapy. Some previous studies have confirmed the positive effect of empowerment on body weight, metabolic control, and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes; however, few studies have been conducted in patients with type 1 diabetes. There is still a need to confirm the effectiveness of empowerment in accordance with Evidence Based Medicine by performing long-term observational studies in a large group of patients. In future, empowerment may become part of the standard of care for patients with diabetes and/or obesity.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise, Metformin, Pioglitazone and Exenatide Treatment on Inflammation Induced Insulin Resistance and Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Diabetes and Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A438-A438
Author(s):  
Ersin Akarsu ◽  
Can Demirel ◽  
Sibel Oguzkan Balci ◽  
Zeynel A Sayiner ◽  
İbrahim Yilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is; To examine the destruction of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) molecule, which is one of the mechanisms that cause insulin resistance in diabetes and obesity, and its effect to reduce this destruction. For this purpose, the effects of exercise, metformin, exenatide and pioglitazone treatments on IRS-1 ubiquitination in pancreas, muscle and adipose tissue were investigated in an obese and diabetic animal model. Method: Obese rat model was used in this study. This model is characterised by obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of IRS-1 breakdown in diabetes. IRS1, SOCS1, SOC3 expressions were evaluated in the liver, muscle and adipose tissue of this model. At the same time, immunohistochemical analyses were performed in terms of IRS1, SOCS1 and SOCS3 in the same tissues. Results: Gene expression and Immunohistochemical analysis results were evaluated, the increase in IRS1 was noticeable in rats treated with exenatide, especially in the liver tissue despite the greater decrease in SOCS1 (P> 0.05). It was determined that other drugs in this study and used in the treatment of diabetes may also affect this mechanism to different degrees. Conclusion: Our findings showed that some drugs used in the treatment of diabetes may alter the SOCS effect and / or proteasomal degradation of the IRS-1 protein. This effect was particularly pronounced in liver tissue. However, more comprehensive studies are required to show the contribution of ubiquitination in the destruction of IRS-1 and which drugs are effective on this mechanism. Acknowledgement: This study was supported by the Scientific And Tecnological Research Council Of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Project No: 217S089

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