DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF IN OVO EXPOSURE TO POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS: II. EFFECTS OF MATERNAL OR PATERNAL EXPOSURE ON SECOND-GENERATION NESTLING AMERICAN KESTRELS

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Fernie ◽  
Gary Bortolotti ◽  
Ken Drouillard ◽  
Judit Smits ◽  
Tracy Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Paternal Exposure ◽  
American Kestrels

Combined toxicities of tributyltin and polychlorinated biphenyls on the development and hatching of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos via in ovo nanoinjection

Chemosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuchun Qiu ◽  
SangGyoon Kim ◽  
Ik Joon Kang ◽  
Takeshi Hano ◽  
Yohei Shimasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Japanese Medaka ◽  
In Ovo

Heart rate changes mediate the embryotoxic effect of antiarrhythmic drugs in the chick embryo

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (6) ◽  
pp. H895-H902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radka Kockova ◽  
Jarmila Svatunkova ◽  
Jiri Novotny ◽  
Lucie Hejnova ◽  
Bohuslav Ostadal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Β Adrenergic Receptors

A significant increase in cardiovascular medication use during pregnancy occurred in recent years. Only limited evidence on safety profiles is available, and little is known about the mechanisms of adverse effect on the fetus. We hypothesized that drug-induced bradycardia is the leading mechanism of developmental toxicity. Embryotoxicity was tested in ovo after administration of various doses of metoprolol, carvedilol, or ivabradine. Embryonic day (ED) 4 and 8 chick embryos were studied by video microscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy ex ovo after intraamniotic injection of the drug for a period of 30 min. Stroke volume was calculated by the Simpson method and prolate ellipsoid formula. Significant dose-dependent mortality was achieved in embryos injected with carvedilol and ivabradine. In ED4 embryos, metoprolol, carvedilol, and ivabradine reduced the heart rate by 33%, 27%, and 55%, respectively, compared with controls (6%). In ED8 embryos this effect was more pronounced with a heart rate reduction by 71%, 54%, and 53%, respectively (controls, 36%). Cardiac output decreased in all tested groups but only proved significant in the metoprolol group in ED8 embryos. The number of β-adrenergic receptors showed a downward tendency during embryonic development. A negative chronotropic effect of metoprolol, carvedilol, and ivabradine was increasingly pronounced with embryonic maturity despite a downward trend in the number of β-adrenergic receptors. This effect was associated with reduced cardiac output in chick embryos, probably leading to premature death. Although standard doses of these drugs appear relatively safe, high doses have a potentially adverse effect on the fetus through reduced heart rate.

Behavioral variation and its consequences during incubation for American kestrels exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri A. Fisher ◽  
Gary R. Bortolotti ◽  
Kimberley J. Fernie ◽  
David M. Bird ◽  
Judit E. Smits
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Behavioral Variation ◽  
American Kestrels
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