scholarly journals Seasonal species interactions minimize the impact of species turnover on the likelihood of community persistence

Ecology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serguei Saavedra ◽  
Rudolf Rohr ◽  
Miguel Fortuna ◽  
Nuria Selva ◽  
Jordi Bascompte
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Community Persistence ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Seasonal species interactions minimize the impact of species turnover on the likelihood of community persistence

Ecology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serguei Saavedra ◽  
Rudolf Philippe Rohr ◽  
Miguel Fortuna ◽  
Nuria Selva ◽  
Jordi Bascompte
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Community Persistence ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The importance of species interactions in eco-evolutionary community dynamics under climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Åkesson ◽  
Alva Curtsdotter ◽  
Anna Eklöf ◽  
Bo Ebenman ◽  
Jon Norberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEco-evolutionary dynamics are essential in shaping the biological response of communities to ongoing climate change. Here we develop a spatially explicit eco-evolutionary framework which features more detailed species interactions, integrating evolution and dispersal. We include species interactions within and between trophic levels, and additionally, we incorporate the feature that species’ interspecific competition might change due to increasing temperatures and affect the impact of climate change on ecological communities. Our modeling framework captures previously reported ecological responses to climate change, and also reveals two key results. First, interactions between trophic levels as well as temperature-dependent competition within a trophic level mitigate the negative impact of climate change on biodiversity, emphasizing the importance of understanding biotic interactions in shaping climate change impact. Second, our trait-based perspective reveals a strong positive relationship between the within-community variation in preferred temperatures and the capacity to respond to climate change. Temperature-dependent competition consistently results both in higher trait variation and more responsive communities to altered climatic conditions. Our study demonstrates the importance of species interactions in an eco-evolutionary setting, further expanding our knowledge of the interplay between ecological and evolutionary processes.

scholarly journals Sensory-based niche partitioning in a multiple predator–multiple prey community

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1808) ◽  
pp. 20150520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay J. Falk ◽  
Hannah M. ter Hofstede ◽  
Patricia L. Jones ◽  
Marjorie M. Dixon ◽  
Paul A. Faure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Signal Evolution ◽  
Signal Design ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Mate Attraction ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Signal Features ◽  
The Impact

Many predators and parasites eavesdrop on the communication signals of their prey. Eavesdropping is typically studied as dyadic predator–prey species interactions; yet in nature, most predators target multiple prey species and most prey must evade multiple predator species. The impact of predator communities on prey signal evolution is not well understood. Predators could converge in their preferences for conspicuous signal properties, generating competition among predators and natural selection on particular prey signal features. Alternatively, predator species could vary in their preferences for prey signal properties, resulting in sensory-based niche partitioning of prey resources. In the Neotropics, many substrate-gleaning bats use the mate-attraction songs of male katydids to locate them as prey. We studied mechanisms of niche partitioning in four substrate-gleaning bat species and found they are similar in morphology, echolocation signal design and prey-handling ability, but each species preferred different acoustic features of male song in 12 sympatric katydid species. This divergence in predator preference probably contributes to the coexistence of many substrate-gleaning bat species in the Neotropics, and the substantial diversity in the mate-attraction signals of katydids. Our results provide insight into how multiple eavesdropping predator species might influence prey signal evolution through sensory-based niche partitioning.

Evaluating relationships among tree growth rate, shade tolerance, and browse tolerance following disturbance in an eastern deciduous forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2460-2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Krueger ◽  
Chris J. Peterson ◽  
Alejandro Royo ◽  
Walter P. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Eastern Deciduous Forest ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
The Impact

Interspecific differences in shade tolerance among woody species are considered a primary driving force underlying forest succession. However, variation in shade tolerance may be only one of many interspecific differences that cause species turnover. For example, tree species may differ in their sensitivity to herbivory. Nonetheless, existing conceptual models of forest dynamics rarely explicitly consider the impact of herbivores. We examined whether browsing by white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) alters the relationship between light availability and plant performance. We monitored growth and survival for seedlings of six woody species over 2 years within six windthrow gaps and the nearby intact forest in the presence and absence of deer. Browsing decreased seedling growth for all species except beech ( Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). More importantly, browsing altered growth rankings among species. Increased light availability enhanced growth for three species when excluded from deer, but browsing obscured these relationships. Browsing also reduced survival for three species; however, survival rankings did not significantly differ between herbivory treatments. Our results indicated that browsing and light availability operated simultaneously to influence plant growth within these forests. Thus, existing models of forest dynamics may make inaccurate predictions of the timing and composition of species reaching the canopy, unless they can account for how plant performance varies as a result of a variety of environmental factors, including herbivory.

scholarly journals Interactions between Climate and Nutrient Cycles on Forest Response to Global Change: The Role of Mixed Forests

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester González de Andrés
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Elemental Ratios ◽  
Nutrient Mineralization ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

Forest ecosystems are undergoing unprecedented changes in environmental conditions due to global change impacts. Modification of global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen, and the subsequent climate change are affecting forest functions at different scales, from physiology and growth of individual trees to cycling of nutrients. This review summarizes the present knowledge regarding the impact of global change on forest functioning not only with respect to climate change, which is the focus of most studies, but also the influence of altered nitrogen cycle and the interactions among them. The carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization effect on tree growth is expected to be constrained by nutrient imbalances resulting from high N deposition rates and the counteractive effect of increasing water deficit, which interact in a complex way. At the community level, responses to global change are modified by species interactions that may lead to competition for resources and/or relaxation due to facilitation and resource partitioning processes. Thus, some species mixtures can be more resistant to drought than their respective pure forests, albeit it depends on environmental conditions and species’ functional traits. Climate change and nitrogen deposition have additional impacts on litterfall dynamics, and subsequent decomposition and nutrient mineralization processes. Elemental ratios (i.e., stoichiometry) are associated with important ecosystem traits, including trees’ adaptability to stress or decomposition rates. As stoichiometry of different ecosystem components are also influenced by global change, nutrient cycling in forests will be altered too. Therefore, a re-assessment of traditional forest management is needed in order to cope with global change. Proposed silvicultural systems emphasize the key role of diversity to assure multiple ecosystem services, and special attention has been paid to mixed-species forests. Finally, a summary of the patterns and underlying mechanisms governing the relationships between diversity and different ecosystems functions, such as productivity and stability, is provided.

scholarly journals Carryover effects drive competitive dominance in spatially structured environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (25) ◽  
pp. 6939-6944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin G. Van Allen ◽  
Volker H. W. Rudolf
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Landscape Type ◽  
Habitat Differences ◽  
Natal Habitat ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Species Performance ◽  
Natal Habitat Effects ◽  
The Impact

Understanding how changes to the quality of habitat patches affect the distribution of species across the whole landscape is critical in our human-dominated world and changing climate. Although patterns of species’ abundances across a landscape are clearly influenced by dispersal among habitats and local species interactions, little is known about how the identity and origin of dispersers affect these patterns. Because traits of individuals are altered by experiences in their natal habitat, differences in the natal habitat of dispersers can carry over when individuals disperse to new habitats and alter their fitness and interactions with other species. We manipulated the presence or absence of such carried-over natal habitat effects for up to eight generations to examine their influence on two interacting species across multiple dispersal rates and different habitat compositions. We found that experimentally accounting for the natal habitat of dispersers significantly influenced competitive outcomes at all spatial scales and increased total community biomass within a landscape. However, the direction and magnitude of the impact of natal habitat effects was dependent upon landscape type and dispersal rate. Interestingly, effects of natal habitats increased the difference between species performance across the landscape, suggesting that natal habitat effects could alter competitive interactions to promote spatial coexistence. Given that heterogeneity in habitat quality is ubiquitous in nature, natal habitat effects are likely important drivers of spatial community structure and could promote variation in species performance, which may help facilitate spatial coexistence. The results have important implications for conservation and invasive species management.

The impact of the Pliensbachian-Toarcian crisis on belemnite diversity and size distribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth De Baets ◽  
Patrícia Rita ◽  
Luís Vítor Duarte ◽  
Pascal Neige ◽  
Laura Piñuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Oceanic Anoxic Event ◽  
Species Cluster ◽  
Anoxic Event ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Scaling Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lusitanian Basin

<p>The Pliensbachian–Toarcian transition has been considered a major bottleneck in the early evolution of belemnites, probably related to major palaeoenvironmental and climatic changes during the Early Toarcian. Previous research has focused on the study of belemnites from higher, temperate latitudes, while high-resolution studies on diversity and size of subtropical belemnite assemblages in the northwest Tethys are comparatively rare. The lack of high-resolution (ammonoid subzone) abundance data on diversity and size distributions of belemnite assemblages does not allow separating changes during the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary event from those during the Toarcian anoxic event. Sample standardized diversity analyses on new data from Iberian sections suggest the Pliensbachian–Toarcian corresponds to a slight decrease in diversity and an adult size decrease within dominant species. Cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses, however, indicate that the largest changes in diversity and palaeogeographic distribution of belemnite assemblages occurred during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (TOAE) rather than the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary. In southern basins like the Lusitanian Basin and Riff Mountains, belemnites even disappear entirely during the TOAE. More generally, the TOAE corresponds with an increase in body size of belemnite assemblages driven by species turnover. The lack of widespread anoxia in southern basins of the northwest Tethys indicates that direct impact of warming or increased pCO2 triggered by volcanism as well as indirect effects on nutrient availability and productivity might have played an important role during both crises.</p>

scholarly journals The DNA of coral reef biodiversity: predicting and protecting genetic diversity of reef assemblages

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1829) ◽  
pp. 20160354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Selkoe ◽  
Oscar E. Gaggiotti ◽  
Eric A. Treml ◽  
Johanna L. K. Wren ◽  
Mary K. Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Allelic Richness ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
A Site ◽  
New Strategies

Conservation of ecological communities requires deepening our understanding of genetic diversity patterns and drivers at community-wide scales. Here, we use seascape genetic analysis of a diversity metric, allelic richness (AR), for 47 reef species sampled across 13 Hawaiian Islands to empirically demonstrate that large reefs high in coral cover harbour the greatest genetic diversity on average. We found that a species's life history (e.g. depth range and herbivory) mediates response of genetic diversity to seascape drivers in logical ways. Furthermore, a metric of combined multi-species AR showed strong coupling to species richness and habitat area, quality and stability that few species showed individually. We hypothesize that macro-ecological forces and species interactions, by mediating species turnover and occupancy (and thus a site's mean effective population size), influence the aggregate genetic diversity of a site, potentially allowing it to behave as an apparent emergent trait that is shaped by the dominant seascape drivers. The results highlight inherent feedbacks between ecology and genetics, raise concern that genetic resilience of entire reef communities is compromised by factors that reduce coral cover or available habitat, including thermal stress, and provide a foundation for new strategies for monitoring and preserving biodiversity of entire reef ecosystems.

scholarly journals The impact of withdrawing aquaculture facilities on metazooplankton communities in the lakes are connected to the Yangtze River, China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252100
Author(s):  
Yixing Zhang ◽  
Yutao Wang ◽  
Zhongze Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities ◽  
The Impact

The withdrawal of aquaculture facilities has an important impact on the aquatic ecosystem of the lakes connected to the Yangtze River. In order to elucidate the response mechanism of metazooplankton to the changes in water environment after the removal of aquaculture facilities, we collected metazooplankton samples and investigated the water environment in the Huayanghe Lakes from the summer of 2018 to the spring of 2019. Aquatic plants recovered quickly, and water eutrophication was relieved, especially in Lake Huangda, followed by Lake Bo. During our study, the highest regional (γ) diversity was 71 in summer, while the lowest was 32 in winter. Species turnover in space (β diversity) varied between 10.01 and 56.52, which was highest in summer. Based on redundancy analysis, environmental factors such as transparency, Chl α, water temperature and water depth, had greatly effects on the metazooplankton community structure. The results showed that the restoration of aquatic plants increased species diversity and metazooplankton density. This study provides a data basis for lakes restoration and a scientific basis for the management and protection of lakes water ecosystem.

scholarly journals No latitudinal gradients in tempo or mode of morphological evolution in birds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Drury ◽  
J. Clavel ◽  
J.A. Tobias ◽  
J. Rolland ◽  
C. Sheard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Latitudinal Gradients ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Trait Evolution ◽  
Trait Divergence ◽  
Diversity Gradient ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phylogenetic Models

AbstractThe latitudinal diversity gradient is one of the most striking patterns in nature yet its implications for morphological evolution are poorly understood. In particular, it has been proposed that an increased intensity of species interactions in tropical biota may either promote or constrain trait evolution, but which of these outcomes predominates remains uncertain. Here, we develop tools for fitting phylogenetic models of phenotypic evolution in which the impact of species interactions can vary across lineages. Deploying these models on a global avian trait dataset to explore differences in trait divergence between tropical and temperate lineages, we find that the effect of latitude on the mode and tempo of morphological evolution is weak and clade- or trait-dependent. Our results indicate that species interactions do not disproportionately impact morphological evolution in tropical bird families and question the validity and universality of previously reported patterns of slower trait evolution in the tropics.

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