scholarly journals The impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure and function

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy B Grimm ◽  
F Stuart Chapin ◽  
Britta Bierwagen ◽  
Patrick Gonzalez ◽  
Peter M Groffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure And Function ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

scholarly journals Climate Change Effects on Aquatic Biota, Ecosystem Structure and Function

AMBIO ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick J. Wrona ◽  
Terry D. Prowse ◽  
James D. Reist ◽  
John E. Hobbie ◽  
Lucie M. J. Lévesque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure And Function

Canadian boreal forest ecosystem structure and function in a changing climate: impact on fire regimes

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M G Weber ◽  
M D Flannigan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure And Function

Boreal forest fire regime, which encompasses fire intensity, frequency, seasonality, size, type (crown versus surface), and severity (depth of burn), is an organizing factor of boreal forest landscapes and highly dependant on climate. This review combines what is known about boreal forest dynamics from paleological studies, with the information derived from state-of-the-art climate and vegetation modeling, to present possible scenarios of the impact of anticipated climate change on boreal forest ecosystem structure and function, particularly in relation to fire regimes. Anticipated climatic/atmospheric impact on plant physiological, communal, ecosystem, and finally landscape-level interactions with fire are reviewed. All indications from the modeling sector point towards unprecedented increased regional or seasonal temperatures, with projected changes most pronounced at high latitudes and there greatest in winter. Anticipated climate change scenarios are expected to alter dramatically the boreal forest ecosystems and fire regimes with which they are currently in equilibrium. Changed fire regimes could be represented by increased annual area burned because of an extended fire season, increased fire frequency, and severity. Simulation studies show the potential for greatly reduced boreal forest area and increased fragmentation due to climate change. Fire regime as an ecosystem process is highly sensitive to climate change because fire behaviour responds immediately to fuel moisture, which is affected by precipitation, relative humidity, air temperature, and wind speed. This interaction between climate change and fire regime has the potential to overshadow the importance of the direct effects of global warming on species distribution, migration, substitution, and extinction. Such a scenario suggests that rate and magnitude of fire-regime-induced changes to the boreal forest landscape could greatly exceed anything expected due to atmospheric warming alone. Socioeconomic implications of altered fire regimes in a changing climate are discussed in terms of adaptive fire management strategies, age class distribution, and such global stewardship issues as biodiversity, carbon cycling, and sequestration.

scholarly journals The effects of modern war and military activities on biodiversity and the environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lawrence ◽  
Holly L.J. Stemberger ◽  
Aaron J. Zolderdo ◽  
Daniel P. Struthers ◽  
Steven J. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Military Training ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure And Function ◽  
Modern War

War is an ever-present force that has the potential to alter the biosphere. Here we review the potential consequences of modern war and military activities on ecosystem structure and function. We focus on the effects of direct conflict, nuclear weapons, military training, and military produced contaminants. Overall, the aforementioned activities were found to have overwhelmingly negative effects on ecosystem structure and function. Dramatic habitat alteration, environmental pollution, and disturbance contributed to population declines and biodiversity losses arising from both acute and chronic effects in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. In some instances, even in the face of massive alterations to ecosystem structure, recovery was possible. Interestingly, military activity was beneficial under specific conditions, such as when an exclusion zone was generated that generally resulted in population increases and (or) population recovery; an observation noted in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. Additionally, military technological advances (e.g., GPS technology, drone technology, biotelemetry) have provided conservation scientists with novel tools for research. Because of the challenges associated with conducting research in areas with military activities (e.g., restricted access, hazardous conditions), information pertaining to military impacts on the environment are relatively scarce and are often studied years after military activities have ceased and with no knowledge of baseline conditions. Additional research would help to elucidate the environmental consequences (positive and negative) and thus reveal opportunities for mitigating negative effects while informing the development of optimal strategies for rehabilitation and recovery.

scholarly journals Linking ocean biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem structure and function: results of the complex SWAMCO-4 model

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Pasquer ◽  
Goulven Laruelle ◽  
Sylvie Becquevort ◽  
Véronique Schoemann ◽  
Hugues Goosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure And Function

Impacts of Contaminants and Pesticides on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Structure and Function

2010 ◽  
pp. 111-145
Author(s):  
Thomas Lacher ◽  
"Jr Bickham ◽  
Claude Gascon ◽  
Rhys Green ◽  
Robin Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure And Function
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