Latent impacts: the role of historical human activity in coastal habitat loss

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler C Coverdale ◽  
Nicholas C Herrmann ◽  
Andrew H Altieri ◽  
Mark D Bertness
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Coastal Habitat Loss

Enhancing marsh elevation using sediment augmentation: A case study from southern California, USA

Shore & Beach ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Tidal Marshes ◽  
Dredged Material ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Recreation Opportunities ◽  
Coastal Habitat Loss

Tidal marshes are an important component of estuaries that provide habitat for fish and wildlife, protection from flooding, recreation opportunities, and can improve water quality. Critical to maintaining these functions is vertical accretion, a key mechanism by which tidal marshes build elevation relative to local sea level. The beneficial use of dredged material to build marsh elevations in response to accelerating sea level rise has gained attention as a management action to prevent habitat loss over the coming decades. In January 2016, a sediment augmentation project using local dredged material was undertaken at Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge in Anaheim Bay, California, USA, to benefit tidal marsh habitat and the listed species it supports. The application process added 12,900 cubic meters of sediment with an initial, average 22-cm gain in elevation over a 3.2-hectare site. Due to sediment characteristics and higher than anticipated elevations in some areas, vegetation colonization did not occur at the expected rate; therefore, adaptive management measures were undertaken to improve hydrology of the site and facilitate vegetation colonization. More case studies that test and monitor sea level adaptation actions are needed to assist in the planning and implementation of climate-resilient projects to prevent coastal habitat loss over the coming century.

scholarly journals Reversing a tyranny of cascading shoreline‐protection decisions driving coastal habitat loss

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel K. Gittman ◽  
Steven B. Scyphers ◽  
Christopher J. Baillie ◽  
Anna Brodmerkel ◽  
Jonathan H. Grabowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Shoreline Protection ◽  
Coastal Habitat Loss

scholarly journals Quantifying Southern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus helleri) Hunting Behavior through Community Science

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Emily R. Urquidi ◽  
Breanna J. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Ontogenetic Shift ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Hunting Behavior ◽  
Crotalus Oreganus ◽  
Community Science

It is increasingly important to study animal behaviors as these are the first responses organisms mount against environmental changes. Rattlesnakes, in particular, are threatened by habitat loss and human activity, and require costly tracking by researchers to quantify the behaviors of wild individuals. Here, we show how photo-vouchered observations submitted by community members can be used to study cryptic predators like rattlesnakes. We utilized two platforms, iNaturalist and HerpMapper, to study the hunting behaviors of wild Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes. From 220 observation photos, we quantified the direction of the hunting coil (i.e., “handedness”), microhabitat use, timing of observations, and age of the snake. With these data, we looked at whether snakes exhibited an ontogenetic shift in behaviors. We found no age differences in coil direction. However, there was a difference in the microhabitats used by juveniles and adults while hunting. We also found that juveniles were most commonly observed during the spring, while adults were more consistently observed throughout the year. Overall, our study shows the potential of using community science to study the behaviors of cryptic predators.

scholarly journals Institutional-Political Scenarios for Anthropocene Society

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Hoffman ◽  
P. Devereaux Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Change Mechanisms ◽  
Main Change

Natural scientists have proposed that humankind has entered a new geologic epoch. Termed the “Anthropocene,” this new reality revolves around the central role of human activity in multiple Earth ecosystems. That challenge requires a rethinking of social science explanations of organization and environment relationships. In this article, we discuss the need to politicize institutional theory as a means understanding “Anthropocene Society,” and in turn what that resultant society means for the Anthropocene in the natural environment. We modify the constitutive elements of institutional orders and a set of main change mechanisms to explore three scenarios around which future Anthropocene Societies might be built—Collapsing Systems, Market Rules, and Cultural Re-Enlightenment. Simultaneously, we use observations from the Anthropocene to expose limitations in present institutional theory and propose extensions to remedy them. Overall, this article challenges organizational scholars to consider a new paradigm under which research in environmental sustainability and social sustainability takes place.

scholarly journals Physiological cost as a factor determining the effectiveness of human activity in the visual images reproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
M. A Merkulova ◽  
M. M Lapkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Single Approach ◽  
Physiological Value

Physiological value is one of the factors affecting the effectiveness of human activities. Currently, there is no single approach to assess the physiological value of human behavior. The article presents data on the role of the physiological cost of human activity, estimated by the indicators of mathematical analysis of heart rate, in the reproduction of matrix visual images. The article puts forward the position that the physiological cost of activity is an important factor in the formation of unequal performance. At the same time, the physiological cost is reflected not only in shifts in a number of physiological indicators when the subjects perform a particular activity, but in the nature and levels of expression of correlation relationships between indicators of this activity and indicators that reflect physiological changes in the body at the same time.

scholarly journals Islam, State, and Nationalism in Brunei Darussalam, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia: A Comparative Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Muh Arif Royyani ◽  
Muhammad Shobaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
State System ◽  
Gray Zone ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Independence Era

<p><span lang="EN-US">Islam has comprehensive roles in some aspects of human activity. It enlarged from theological aspect to political aspects. Some former colonized countries where Islam was coexisted, this religion became an embryo of nationalist movements during colonization era. This essay scrutinizes the role of Islam in escalating nationalism during colonization era and it relation with the states in post colonization era in four former colonized countries namely Brunei Darussalam, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia. By using comparative method, the essay researched some main literature (library research) related to Islam and nationalism. It was founded that Islam has significant roles in nationalist movement in the four analyzed countries through several channels. Meanwhile, in the post-independence era, the relation between Islam and state system are variably. In India, Islam is separated from state system (secular). In contrast, Islamic ideology became the main sources of state system in Brunei Darussalam (adopted entirely) and Malaysia (adopted partially). Then, Islam in Indonesia seems like “a gray zone” because the country does not using Islamic law but still adopting Islamic thoughts in several cases. </span></p>

Taking a Gamble

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Andrew C. A. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Horse Racing ◽  
Degree Of Belief ◽  
Interpretation Of Probability ◽  
Betting Markets ◽  
History Of

Gambling is an ancient human activity. We indulge ourselves by allowing ourselves to experience the dangers and thrills of chance in a somewhat controlled way. The history of lotteries and related games is explored. The chances of drawing various poker hands are laid out. The role of probability in horse racing is described, and how the odds quoted are not strictly statements of probability, but terms on which business is to be done. Political prediction betting markets give us a further interpretation of probability as a way of expressing strength of opinion in a quantifiable, albeit flawed way. Wagers encourage boasters to put their money where their mouth is, and so to quantify their degree of belief.

Pascal on Happiness

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Michael Moriarty
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Motive Force ◽  
Underlying Condition ◽  
Authentic Happiness

Pascal sees happiness (bonheur) as the ultimate goal of all human activity, but argues that experience shows it to be unattainable; our underlying condition is unhappiness. In the immediate, he argues, human activities are forms of diversion or distraction, by which we seek to screen from ourselves our unhappiness and mortality and to gratify our vanity. This analysis omits the role of pleasure, which he elsewhere identifies as the motive force of all volition. In order to reconcile this anomaly, we need to distinguish between the motive of our actions, the ultimate end they have in view, and the Supreme Good. The motive of our actions is pleasure, their ultimate end happiness, and the Supreme Good God, in union with whom authentic happiness consists.

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