scholarly journals Carry-over effects from breeding modulate the annual cycle of a long-distance migrant: an experimental demonstration

Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Catry ◽  
Maria P. Dias ◽  
Richard A. Phillips ◽  
José P. Granadeiro
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Carry Over

scholarly journals A full annual perspective on sex-biased migration timing in long-distance migratory birds

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1897) ◽  
pp. 20182821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martins Briedis ◽  
Silke Bauer ◽  
Peter Adamík ◽  
José A. Alves ◽  
Joana S. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Female Migration ◽  
Proximate Determinants ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
And Migration

In many taxa, the most common form of sex-biased migration timing is protandry—the earlier arrival of males at breeding areas. Here we test this concept across the annual cycle of long-distance migratory birds. Using more than 350 migration tracks of small-bodied trans-Saharan migrants, we quantify differences in male and female migration schedules and test for proximate determinants of sex-specific timing. In autumn, males started migration about 2 days earlier, but this difference did not carry over to arrival at the non-breeding sites. In spring, males on average departed from the African non-breeding sites about 3 days earlier and reached breeding sitesca4 days ahead of females. A cross-species comparison revealed large variation in the level of protandry and protogyny across the annual cycle. While we found tight links between individual timing of departure and arrival within each migration season, only for males the timing of spring migration was linked to the timing of previous autumn migration. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that protandry is not exclusively a reproductive strategy but rather occurs year-round and the two main proximate determinants for the magnitude of sex-biased arrival times in autumn and spring are sex-specific differences in departure timing and migration duration.

scholarly journals Author Correction: Age-dependent carry-over effects in a long-distance migratory bird

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosme López Calderón ◽  
Javier Balbontín Arenas ◽  
Keith A. Hobson ◽  
Anders Pape Møller
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Carry Over

scholarly journals Age-dependent carry-over effects in a long-distance migratory bird

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosme López Calderón ◽  
Javier Balbontín Arenas ◽  
Keith A. Hobson ◽  
Anders Pape Møller
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Carry Over

Carry-over effects provide linkages across the annual cycle of a Neotropical migratory bird, the Louisiana WaterthrushParkesia motacilla

Ibis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Latta ◽  
Sonia Cabezas ◽  
Danilo A. Mejia ◽  
Maria M. Paulino ◽  
Hodali Almonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Carry Over

scholarly journals Climate change relaxes the time constraints for late-born offspring in a long-distance migrant

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1839) ◽  
pp. 20161366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Tomotani ◽  
Phillip Gienapp ◽  
Domien G. M. Beersma ◽  
Marcel E. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Hatch Date ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
And Migration

Animals in seasonal environments need to fit their annual-cycle stages, such as moult and migration, in a tight schedule. Climate change affects the phenology of organisms and causes advancements in timing of these annual-cycle stages but not necessarily at the same rates. For migratory birds, this can lead to more severe or more relaxed time constraints in the time from fledging to migration, depending on the relative shifts of the different stages. We tested how a shift in hatch date, which has advanced due to climate change, impacts the organization of the birds' whole annual cycle. We experimentally advanced and delayed the hatch date of pied flycatcher chicks in the field and then measured the timing of their annual-cycle stages in a controlled laboratory environment. Hatch date affected the timing of moult and pre-migratory fattening, but not migration. Early-born birds hence had a longer time to fatten up than late-born ones; the latter reduced their interval between onset of fattening and migration to be able to migrate at the same time as the early-born birds. This difference in time constraints for early- and late-born individuals may explain why early-born offspring have a higher probability to recruit as a breeding bird. Climate change-associated advancements of avian egg-lay dates, which in turn advances hatch dates, can thus reduce the negative fitness consequences of reproducing late, thereby reducing the selection for early egg-laying migratory birds.

scholarly journals Climatic effects on breeding grounds are more important drivers of breeding phenology in migrant birds than carry-over effects from wintering grounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 20130669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Ockendon ◽  
Dave Leech ◽  
James W. Pearce-Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Breeding Phenology ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
The Impact

Long-distance migrants may be particularly vulnerable to climate change on both wintering and breeding grounds. However, the relative importance of climatic variables at different stages of the annual cycle is poorly understood, even in well-studied Palaearctic migrant species. Using a national dataset spanning 46 years, we investigate the impact of wintering ground precipitation and breeding ground temperature on breeding phenology and clutch size of 19 UK migrants. Although both spring temperature and arid zone precipitation were significantly correlated with laying date, the former accounted for 3.5 times more inter-annual variation. Neither climate variable strongly affected clutch size. Thus, although carry-over effects had some impact, they were weaker drivers of reproductive traits than conditions on the breeding grounds.

scholarly journals An Exception to the Rule: Carry-Over Effects Do Not Accumulate in a Long-Distance Migratory Bird

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e86588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan R. Senner ◽  
Wesley M. Hochachka ◽  
James W. Fox ◽  
Vsevolod Afanasyev
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Carry Over

Statistical Translation After Source Reordering: Oracles, Context-Aware Models, and Empirical Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAXIM KHALILOV ◽  
KHALIL SIMA'AN
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Target Sentence ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Translation System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Translation Model ◽  
Unseen Data ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn source reordering the order of the source words is permuted to minimize word order differences with the target sentence and then fed to a translation model. Earlier work highlights the benefits of resolving long-distance reorderings as a pre-processing step to standard phrase-based models. However, the potential performance improvement of source reordering and its impact on the components of the subsequent translation model remain unexplored. In this paper we study both aspects of source reordering. We set up idealized source reordering (oracle) models with/without syntax and present our own syntax-driven model of source reordering. The latter is a statistical model of inversion transduction grammar (ITG)-like tree transductions manipulating a syntactic parse and working with novel conditional reordering parameters. Having set up the models, we report translation experiments showing significant improvement on three language pairs, and contribute an extensive analysis of the impact of source reordering (both oracle and model) on the translation model regarding the quality of its input, phrase-table, and output. Our experiments show that oracle source reordering has untapped potential in improving translation system output. Besides solving difficult reorderings, we find that source reordering creates more monotone parallel training data at the back-end, leading to significantly larger phrase tables with higher coverage of phrase types in unseen data. Unfortunately, this nice property does not carry over to tree-constrained source reordering. Our analysis shows that, from the string-level perspective, tree-constrained reordering might selectively permute word order, leading to larger phrase tables but without increase in phrase coverage in unseen data.

scholarly journals Experimental demonstration of long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Jouguet ◽  
Sébastien Kunz-Jacques ◽  
Anthony Leverrier ◽  
Philippe Grangier ◽  
Eleni Diamanti
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Long Distance
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