scholarly journals The national Fire and Fire Surrogate study: ecological consequences of fuel reduction methods in seasonally dry forests1

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McIver ◽  
Andrew Youngblood ◽  
Scott L. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Reduction ◽  
Ecological Consequences ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Reduction Methods

scholarly journals Asian needle ant (Brachyponera chinensis) and woodland ant responses to repeated applications of fuel reduction methods

Ecosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua W. Campbell ◽  
Steven M. Grodsky ◽  
Dale A. Halbritter ◽  
Patrick A. Vigueira ◽  
Cynthia C. Vigueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Reduction ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Asian Needle Ant

Ecological effects of alternative fuel-reduction treatments: highlights of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate study (FFS)

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McIver ◽  
Scott L. Stephens ◽  
James K. Agee ◽  
Jamie Barbour ◽  
Ralph E. J. Boerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Fuel Reduction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
The Us ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Term Response

The 12-site National Fire and Fire Surrogate study (FFS) was a multivariate experiment that evaluated ecological consequences of alternative fuel-reduction treatments in seasonally dry forests of the US. Each site was a replicated experiment with a common design that compared an un-manipulated control, prescribed fire, mechanical and mechanical + fire treatments. Variables within the vegetation, fuelbed, forest floor and soil, bark beetles, tree diseases and wildlife were measured in 10-ha stands, and ecological response was compared among treatments at the site level, and across sites, to better understand the influence of differential site conditions. For most sites, treated stands were predicted to be more resilient to wildfire if it occurred shortly after treatment, but for most ecological variables, short-term response to treatments was subtle and transient. Strong site-specificity was observed in the response of most ecosystem variables, suggesting that practitioners employ adaptive management at the local scale. Because ecosystem components were tightly linked, adaptive management would need to include monitoring of a carefully chosen set of key variables. Mechanical treatments did not serve as surrogates for fire for most variables, suggesting that fire be maintained whenever possible. Restoration to pre-settlement conditions will require repeated treatments over time, with eastern forests requiring more frequent applications.

scholarly journals The national Fire and Fire Surrogate study: effects of fuel reduction methods on forest vegetation structure and fuels

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan W. Schwilk ◽  
Jon E. Keeley ◽  
Eric E. Knapp ◽  
James McIver ◽  
John D. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Fuel Reduction ◽  
Reduction Methods

scholarly journals Damage to Residual Trees and Advance Regeneration from Skyline and Forwarder Yarding in Mixed-Conifer Stands of Northeastern Oregon

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Youngblood
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Fuel Reduction ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Blue Mountains ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Advance Regeneration ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Reduction Methods

Abstract Reducing the risk of occurrence of wildfire and outbreaks of insects and diseases through fuel reduction is a priority management objective on federal lands within the Blue Mountains in northeastern Oregon. Optimal methods to achieve desired levels of fuel in mixed conifer stands by mechanical means are as yet unknown. One factor essential in evaluating optimal fuel reduction methods is the damage to residual trees and advance regeneration associated with specific combinations of stand condition, prescription, and harvesting system. Residual stem damage on 12,899 stems was compared after partial cutting and yarding with either skyline or ground-based forwarder in mixed conifer stands of northeastern Oregon. There were 6,092 occurrences of damage on 4,074 stems after yarding; 4.1% of the damaged stems had crushed foliage, 15.4% had a broken terminal leader, 26.5% had broken branches, 28.9% were wrenched, 35.0% had scraped bark, and 38.9% had bole scars. Fir (Abies grandis and A. lasiocarpa) seedlings were more frequently damaged than nonfir (Larix occidentalis, Picea engelmannii, and Pinus contorta) seedlings, and the most frequent damage to fir seedlings occurred in units treated by the forwarder. More damage occurred to residual large trees during yarding than to seedlings. Forwarder yarding resulted in slightly more damage to trees than did skyline yarding. Wrenching was generally consistent between residual seedlings and trees. Scarring occurred more frequently to residual trees than to seedlings. Mean scar area per tree on those actually scarred was generally about 40 cm² on seedlings and 256 cm² on residual trees. Despite slight differences in stand damage, both yarding methods met the silviculture prescription of reducing fuel and protecting large western latch, Engelmann spruce, Douglas-fir, and lodgepole pine stems targeted for retention. This suggests that the decision by resource managers to use one method of yarding over the other should probably be based on considerations such as availability of equipment, costs, and soil impacts. West. J. Appl. For. 15(2):101-107.

MANAGEMENT OF NEW CULTIVARS FOR DRYLAND

1983 ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Lancashire ◽  
J.L. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
New Cultivars

Some characteristics of seed quality, establishment rates, performance in mixtures and response to grazing management of 5 new pasture plants with potential in dryland are described. On a dry hill country site in the Wairarapa, the contribution of the sown grasses established in separate plots with clovers under rotational grazing was 'Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot 65%; 'Grasslands Maru' phalaris 23%; 'Grasslands Matua' prairie grass 22%; and 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue 13% after 2 years. The other main grass species was resident perennial ryegrass which established from buried seed (ca. 240 plants/m*) and had a major impact on the establishment and growth of the sown grasses. On a seasonally dry Manawatu flat land soil 3 grazing managementsviz. set stocked all year (S); rotational all year (R); and combination (Cl (set stocked from lambing to drafting and rotational for the remainder of the year) were applied to mixtures of the new cultivars (except that 'Grasslands Apanui' cocksfoot replaced Wana) with ryegrass and white clover stocked at 20 sheep/ha. After 3 years the contribution of the new cultivars was negligible under S and ryegrass was dominant. The R pastures became cocksfoot dominant and Matua (in winter) and chicory (in summer) contributed more than in the S system. The C system produced the most evenly balanced species contribution with only Roa remaining at (5%. A sub-trial with cocksfoot cultivars demonstrated that Wana maintained better production and tiller density ~ll,000/m2 ) than Apanui (1000/m' ) under set stocking IS). Although some of the new cultivars will require specialised management procedures to fulfil their potential in dryland, the increasing and widespread use of Matua prairie grass in farming suggests that these techniques can be adopted in commercial agriculture provided good technical information is available in a management package when the cultivar is released. Keywords: Dryland, grazing management, mixtures, Matua prairie grass, Wana cocksfoot, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris, Chicory

Speech Emotion Recognition Based on Sparse Representation

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjie Yan ◽  
Xiaolan Wang ◽  
Weiyi Gu ◽  
LiLi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares Regression ◽  
Speech Emotion Recognition ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Computer Science Pedagogy ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Analysis Computer

Abstract Speech emotion recognition is deemed to be a meaningful and intractable issue among a number of do- mains comprising sentiment analysis, computer science, pedagogy, and so on. In this study, we investigate speech emotion recognition based on sparse partial least squares regression (SPLSR) approach in depth. We make use of the sparse partial least squares regression method to implement the feature selection and dimensionality reduction on the whole acquired speech emotion features. By the means of exploiting the SPLSR method, the component parts of those redundant and meaningless speech emotion features are lessened to zero while those serviceable and informative speech emotion features are maintained and selected to the following classification step. A number of tests on Berlin database reveal that the recogni- tion rate of the SPLSR method can reach up to 79.23% and is superior to other compared dimensionality reduction methods.

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