LONG-TERM PATTERNS IN TROPICAL REFORESTATION: PLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS ACCUMULATION

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 828-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Marín-Spiotta ◽  
W. L. Silver ◽  
R. Ostertag
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Plant Community Composition

scholarly journals Evidence for long-term shift in plant community composition under decadal experimental warming

2015 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Shi ◽  
Rebecca Sherry ◽  
Xia Xu ◽  
Oleksandra Hararuk ◽  
Lara Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Community Composition ◽  
Experimental Warming

The effect of long-term nutrient deficiency on the abundance and community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a mountainous grassland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kian Jenab ◽  
Stefan Gorka ◽  
Sean Darcy ◽  
Lucia Fuchslueger ◽  
Alberto Canarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Community Composition

<p>Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are associated with almost all land plants and provide soil nutrients and other benefits to their plant hosts in exchange for photosynthetic products. While fertilization regimes in managed grasslands or agricultural systems are tailored for increasing plant biomass, their potential effects on AM fungi are rarely taken into account. Nutrient-driven changes in abundance and community composition of AM fungi, however, may feedback on ecosystem performance in the long term. Therefore, it is necessary to get a better understanding on how AM fungal communities respond to changes and imbalances in soil nutrient availabilities.</p><p>Here, we evaluated how long-term nutrient deficiency of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) affects the abundance and community composition of AM fungi in a mountainous grassland. In addition, we investigated how the responses of AM fungi to those deficiencies were modulated by liming and the type of fertilizer addition (inorganic versus organic).</p><p>Our study was carried out on a long-term nutrient deficiency experimental grassland site in Admont (Styria, Austria), established in 1946. Different fertilization treatments were applied for more than 70 years in a randomized block design, including numerous combinations of inorganic (P, N, K with/without lime) and organic (solid manure and liquid slurry) fertilizers. The hay meadow at the site is cut three times per year and biomass is not returned to the system. Therefore, biomass and nutrients have been continuously removed for decades, leading to different types of soil nutrient deficiency. In this study, we collected both root and soil samples in July 2019 and quantified AM fungi and other microbial groups by measuring neutral fatty acid (NLFA) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers, respectively. Additionally, we applied DNA and RNA-based amplicon sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene to identify AM fungal community composition.</p><p>Our data shows that deficiencies of one or more elements had a major impact on both AM fungal biomass and community composition. AM fungal biomass was higher in plots that received no fertilizers compared to inorganically fertilized plots, but lower in plots which were deficient only in certain single or multiple elements, specifically in plots fertilized with inorganic N only (i.e., deficient in P and K). Conversely, liming and organic fertilizer amendments increased AM fungal biomass compared to plots containing inorganic fertilizers without lime. Across all treatments, AM fungal biomass was positively correlated with pH and soil water content, and negatively with dissolved N compounds, indicating indirect effects via responses of other soil parameters to nutrient deficiency. Long-term nutrient deficiency also altered plant community composition, which may also have indirectly affected AM fungal communities.</p><p>We conclude that long-term nutrient deficiency, and in particular the stoichiometry of available nutrients, strongly affects the abundance and community composition of AM fungi in grassland soil. This response may be linked to changes in plant community composition or soil chemistry both as a result and as a cause, emphasizing the complexity of feedbacks determining the response of grassland ecosystems to changing nutrient conditions.</p>

scholarly journals Litter type affects the activity of aerobic decomposers in a boreal peatland more than site nutrient and water table regimes

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2741-2755 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Straková ◽  
R. M. Niemi ◽  
C. Freeman ◽  
K. Peltoniemi ◽  
H. Toberman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Plant Community Composition ◽  
Litter Type ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Short Term

Abstract. Peatlands are carbon (C) storage ecosystems sustained by a high water table (WT). High WT creates anoxic conditions that suppress the activity of aerobic decomposers and provide conditions for peat accumulation. Peatland function can be dramatically affected by WT drawdown caused by climate and/or land-use change. Aerobic decomposers are directly affected by WT drawdown through environmental factors such as increased oxygenation and nutrient availability. Additionally, they are indirectly affected via changes in plant community composition and litter quality. We studied the relative importance of direct and indirect effects of WT drawdown on aerobic decomposer activity in plant litter at two stages of decomposition (incubated in the field for 1 or 2 years). We did this by profiling 11 extracellular enzymes involved in the mineralization of organic C, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur. Our study sites represented a three-stage chronosequence from pristine to short-term (years) and long-term (decades) WT drawdown conditions under two nutrient regimes (bog and fen). The litter types included reflected the prevalent vegetation: Sphagnum mosses, graminoids, shrubs and trees. Litter type was the main factor shaping microbial activity patterns and explained about 30 % of the variation in enzyme activities and activity allocation. Overall, enzyme activities were higher in vascular plant litters compared to Sphagnum litters, and the allocation of enzyme activities towards C or nutrient acquisition was related to the initial litter quality (chemical composition). Direct effects of WT regime, site nutrient regime and litter decomposition stage (length of incubation period) summed to only about 40 % of the litter type effect. WT regime alone explained about 5 % of the variation in enzyme activities and activity allocation. Generally, enzyme activity increased following the long-term WT drawdown and the activity allocation turned from P and N acquisition towards C acquisition. This caused an increase in the rate of litter decomposition. The effects of the short-term WT drawdown were minor compared to those of the long-term WT drawdown: e.g., the increase in the activity of C-acquiring enzymes was up to 120 % (bog) or 320 % (fen) higher after the long-term WT drawdown compared to the short-term WT drawdown. In general, the patterns of microbial activity as well as their responses to WT drawdown depended on peatland type: e.g., the shift in activity allocation to C-acquisition was up to 100 % stronger at the fen compared to the bog. Our results imply that changes in plant community composition in response to persistent WT drawdown will strongly affect the C dynamics of peatlands. The predictions of decomposer activity under changing climate and/or land-use thus cannot be based on the direct effects of the changed environment only, but need to consider the indirect effects of environmental changes: the changes in plant community composition, their dependence on peatland type, and their time scale.

Plant community composition mediates both large transient decline and predicted long-term recovery of soil carbon under climate warming

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-1-3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Saleska ◽  
M. Rebecca Shaw ◽  
Marc L. Fischer ◽  
Jennifer A. Dunne ◽  
Christopher J. Still ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Plant Community Composition
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