INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION: THE ROLE OF LAGS BETWEEN ATTACK AND DEATH IN HOST–PARASITOID INTERACTIONS

Ecology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1225-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Cameron ◽  
D. Metcalfe ◽  
A. P. Beckerman ◽  
S. M. Sait
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition

scholarly journals The role of intraspecific competition between plants in a nursery pollination system—Comments on Villacañas de Castro and Hoffmeister 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 11869-11874
Author(s):  
Nicolas M. Gutiérrez ◽  
Luciano Stucchi ◽  
Javier Galeano ◽  
Luis Giménez‐Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Pollination System ◽  
Nursery Pollination

A field study of settlement behaviour in Balanus balanoides and Elminius modestus (Cirripedia: Crustacea) in relation to competition between them

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Barnett ◽  
S. C. Edwards ◽  
D. J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
South West ◽  
Competition For Space ◽  
Balanus Balanoides ◽  
Settlement Behaviour

There can be little doubt that competition for space, both inter- and intraspecific is a major factor in barnacle ecology. Southward & Crisp (1956) first pointed out the role of competition between Balanus balanoides (L.) and Chthamalus stellatus (Poli) in south-west Britain which Connell (1959, 1961) later demonstrated experimentally. Crisp (1958) discussed competition between the indigenous B. balanoides and the immigrant Elminius modestus Darwin in the intertidal zone, and measurements of growth rates, using manipulated populations of these two species, indicated that inter- and intraspecific competition for space after settlement is intense (Crisp, 1964).

Experimental study on the role of intra- and inter-specific competition in the evolution of nest-destroying behavior in marsh wrens

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2353-2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Picman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Combined Data

Marsh wrens attack nests with eggs and young of other birds, including conspecifics. This study examined the relative role of interference from conspecifics and red-winged blackbirds in the evolution of the marsh wren nest-destroying behavior by giving male wrens a choice to attack a redwing or marsh wren nest. The combined data on wren responses from 4 years showed that male marsh wrens exhibited stronger responses to redwing than to wren nests, which suggests that in the study area the interference from blackbirds is usually more important than that from other marsh wrens. However, the between-year analysis, relating the intensity of marsh wren responses to nests of the two species to the intensity of intra- and inter-specific interference, indicated that marsh wrens adjust their responses to the prevailing type of interference. Thus marsh wrens attacked the redwing nest first when interspecific interference was more important, but their resonses to the wren nest became stronger with increasing intraspecific interference. These data support the idea that intense intraspecific competition as well as the interference from blackbirds have played an important role in the evolution of nest-destroying behavior by marsh wrens.

scholarly journals The Ecological Role of a Common Seastar (Patiriella spp.) Within Intertidal Cobble Fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shiree Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Micro Organisms

<p>Intertidal cobble habitats are complex three-dimensional marine environments that are understudied despite having unique species assemblages and ecological patterns. New Zealand's common cushion star, Patiriella spp., is found in a wide range of coastal habitats, including intertidal cobble fields. This seastar is an omnivore that feeds predominantly on crustose coralline algae and micro-organisms, but also supplements its diet by scavenging on carrion. Study on the adult ecology of Patiriella spp. is limited and this thesis aims to expand on the knowledge of this species and its role in intertidal cobble communities. First, field surveys were conducted within intertidal cobble fields in Wellington Harbour and on the Wellington South Coast to determine density, size and feeding habits of Patiriella spp. and the density of associated organisms. Patiriella spp. were abundant at all sites, with no significant difference in density between Wellington Harbour and Wellington South Coast; however, feeding rates and sizes were significantly higher on the South Coast. Distribution of Patiriella spp. on cobbles was negatively correlated with the distribution of chitons, suggesting possible competition between these animals. Second, scavenging behaviour was examined in field and laboratory experiments. Patiriella spp. were readily attracted to mussel carrion bait in the field; however, whelks were the numerically dominant taxon attracted to bait and may therefore compete with Patiriella spp. for this resource. Laboratory results showed that movement towards carrion may be indicative of hunger and Patiriella spp. from Wellington Harbour and the Wellington South Coast reacted similarly to carrion, suggesting similar, limited levels, of carrion supply within these regions. The occurrence of interspecific feeding competition was tested in the laboratory by examining growth and mortality in response to varying densities of Patiriella spp. and a locally abundant chiton, and possible competitor, Chiton glaucus. Intraspecific competition was also tested in response to varying densities of Patiriella spp., with and without carrion supplementation and during spring and winter. No inter- or intraspecific competition was found for crustose coralline algae and micro-organisms and this food resource appears not to be limited. However, Patiriella spp. supplemented on mussel carrion had significantly higher growth rates than non-supplemented treatments and this was greater at lower densities, suggesting intraspecific competition for carrion. Increases in Patiriella spp. size and pyloric caeca weight were only observed for treatments supplemented with carrion. Therefore, carrion appears important for growth and reproduction and intraspecific competition for this resource may impact population sizes. Consequently, fluctuations in carrion supply have the potential to change the distribution and abundance of Patiriella spp., leading to changes in community dynamics. This study has provided baseline information on Patiriella spp. populations within intertidal cobble fields in Wellington Harbour and on the Wellington South Coast and also improved knowledge of the feeding behaviours and competitive interactions of this seastar; therefore, contributing to understanding of the ecological role of Patiriella spp. within intertidal cobble communities.</p>

scholarly journals The Ecological Role of a Common Seastar (Patiriella spp.) Within Intertidal Cobble Fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shiree Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Micro Organisms

<p>Intertidal cobble habitats are complex three-dimensional marine environments that are understudied despite having unique species assemblages and ecological patterns. New Zealand's common cushion star, Patiriella spp., is found in a wide range of coastal habitats, including intertidal cobble fields. This seastar is an omnivore that feeds predominantly on crustose coralline algae and micro-organisms, but also supplements its diet by scavenging on carrion. Study on the adult ecology of Patiriella spp. is limited and this thesis aims to expand on the knowledge of this species and its role in intertidal cobble communities. First, field surveys were conducted within intertidal cobble fields in Wellington Harbour and on the Wellington South Coast to determine density, size and feeding habits of Patiriella spp. and the density of associated organisms. Patiriella spp. were abundant at all sites, with no significant difference in density between Wellington Harbour and Wellington South Coast; however, feeding rates and sizes were significantly higher on the South Coast. Distribution of Patiriella spp. on cobbles was negatively correlated with the distribution of chitons, suggesting possible competition between these animals. Second, scavenging behaviour was examined in field and laboratory experiments. Patiriella spp. were readily attracted to mussel carrion bait in the field; however, whelks were the numerically dominant taxon attracted to bait and may therefore compete with Patiriella spp. for this resource. Laboratory results showed that movement towards carrion may be indicative of hunger and Patiriella spp. from Wellington Harbour and the Wellington South Coast reacted similarly to carrion, suggesting similar, limited levels, of carrion supply within these regions. The occurrence of interspecific feeding competition was tested in the laboratory by examining growth and mortality in response to varying densities of Patiriella spp. and a locally abundant chiton, and possible competitor, Chiton glaucus. Intraspecific competition was also tested in response to varying densities of Patiriella spp., with and without carrion supplementation and during spring and winter. No inter- or intraspecific competition was found for crustose coralline algae and micro-organisms and this food resource appears not to be limited. However, Patiriella spp. supplemented on mussel carrion had significantly higher growth rates than non-supplemented treatments and this was greater at lower densities, suggesting intraspecific competition for carrion. Increases in Patiriella spp. size and pyloric caeca weight were only observed for treatments supplemented with carrion. Therefore, carrion appears important for growth and reproduction and intraspecific competition for this resource may impact population sizes. Consequently, fluctuations in carrion supply have the potential to change the distribution and abundance of Patiriella spp., leading to changes in community dynamics. This study has provided baseline information on Patiriella spp. populations within intertidal cobble fields in Wellington Harbour and on the Wellington South Coast and also improved knowledge of the feeding behaviours and competitive interactions of this seastar; therefore, contributing to understanding of the ecological role of Patiriella spp. within intertidal cobble communities.</p>

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