SUPPLY-SIDE ECOLOGY IN MANGROVES: DO PROPAGULE DISPERSAL AND SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT EXPLAIN FOREST STRUCTURE?

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne P. Sousa ◽  
Peter G. Kennedy ◽  
Betsy J. Mitchell ◽  
Benjamín M. Ordóñez L
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Propagule Dispersal

Reviewing the Development of Rural Finance in Vietnam

2013 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Duong Pham Bao
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Rural Finance ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Rural Organizations ◽  
Doi Moi

The objective of this article is to review the development of the rural financial system in Vietnam in recent years, especially, after Doi moi. There are two opposite schools of thought in the literature on rural credit policies in developing countries. One is the conventional supply-side (government-led) approach while the other is called “a new paradigm” that emphasizes the importance of the viability of financial providers and the well functioning of rural credit markets. Conventional theories of rural finance contend that rural finance in low-income countries is generally accompanied by many failures. Contrary to these theories, rural finance in Vietnam does not encounter the above-mentioned failures so far. Up to the present time, it is progressing well. Using a supply-side approach, methodologically, this study reviews the development of the rural financial system in Vietnam. The significance of this study is to challenge the extreme view of dichotomizing between the old and the new credit paradigms. Analysis in this study contends that a rural financial market that, (1) is initiated and spurred by government; (2) operates principally under market mechanisms; and (3) is strongly supported by rural organizations (semi-formal/informal institutions) can progress stably and well. Therefore, the extremely dichotomizing approach must be avoided.

Evaluation of roe deer effects upon forest structure in Nogueira Mountain (NE of Portugal)

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Monzon ◽  
António L. Crespí ◽  
Sónia Pinto ◽  
Adriano Castro ◽  
Claúdia P. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Roe Deer

Forest structure and tree ring widths from the Fire and Fire Surrogate Study - Blodgett Forest Site

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon M. Collins ◽  
Adrian J. Das ◽  
John J. Battles ◽  
Danny L. Fry ◽  
Kevin D. Krasnow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Forest Site
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