HIERARCHICAL RESPONSES OF TADPOLES TO MULTIPLE PREDATORS

Ecology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 2888-2894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Teplitsky ◽  
Sandrine Plenet ◽  
Pierre Joly
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Predators

scholarly journals Camouflage, communication and thermoregulation: lessons from colour changing organisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 364 (1516) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Stuart-Fox ◽  
Adnan Moussalli
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Multiple Predators ◽  
Physiological Colour Change ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Insight Into

Organisms capable of rapid physiological colour change have become model taxa in the study of camouflage because they are able to respond dynamically to the changes in their visual environment. Here, we briefly review the ways in which studies of colour changing organisms have contributed to our understanding of camouflage and highlight some unique opportunities they present. First, from a proximate perspective, comparison of visual cues triggering camouflage responses and the visual perception mechanisms involved can provide insight into general visual processing rules. Second, colour changing animals can potentially tailor their camouflage response not only to different backgrounds but also to multiple predators with different visual capabilities. We present new data showing that such facultative crypsis may be widespread in at least one group, the dwarf chameleons. From an ultimate perspective, we argue that colour changing organisms are ideally suited to experimental and comparative studies of evolutionary interactions between the three primary functions of animal colour patterns: camouflage; communication; and thermoregulation.

scholarly journals Multiple predators in the pelagic: modelling behavioural cascades

2005 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
ØYVIND FIKSEN ◽  
SIGRUNN ELIASSEN ◽  
JOSEFIN TITELMAN
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Predators

Fleshy scoli removed without detriment: structure and potential anti-predation function in a slug caterpillar (Limacodidae)

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bing Dong ◽  
Yirong Wang ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Zhanqi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Warning Signals ◽  
Multiple Predators

Abstract Anti-predator outgrowths are found prevalent in animals such as stinging spines of caterpillars. However, an encounter with a predator is usually fatal as caterpillars would die easily even if just small body parts were taken. Here, we showed the larvae of Phrixolepia sp. did not get injured when the fleshy but not urticating scoli were removed. By showing the morphologic traits, we assume these particular scoli function as enlarged warning signals and substitute to be attacked so that caterpillars can warn multiple predators, with a lower chance of getting injured when encountering natural enemies, such as birds and carabid beetles.

Multiple predators induce risk reduction in coexisting vole species

Oikos ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 1421-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrine S. Hoset ◽  
Elina Koivisto ◽  
Otso Huitu ◽  
Hannu Ylönen ◽  
Erkki Korpimäki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Multiple Predators ◽  
Vole Species

Temporal variation in habitat selection breaks the catch-22 of spatially contrasting predation risk from multiple predators

Oikos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Lone ◽  
Atle Mysterud ◽  
Terje Gobakken ◽  
John Odden ◽  
John Linnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Multiple Predators ◽  
Catch 22

scholarly journals From strategic ambiguity to technical reference points in the Antarctic krill fishery: the worst journey in the world?

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMEON L. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Drake Passage ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Multiple Predators ◽  
Scotia Sea ◽  
Current State ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Spatial Subdivision ◽  
Ecosystem State

SUMMARYThe goals of ecosystem based management (EBM) are strategically ambiguous, meaning that they require interpretation to identify objectives for ecosystem state. Ecosystem states that are useful for achieving such objectives are known as reference points. Soft reference points specify both a state and a probability of the ecosystem being in that state. They are used with simulation models to identify management measures for which the risk of the ecosystem entering an undesirable state is below a specified level. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) is responsible for the EBM of Antarctic krill fisheries. CCAMLR used soft reference points for the krill stock in the Scotia Sea and southern Drake Passage to set a regional catch limit. However, this catch limit needs spatial subdivision to protect predators from localized depletion. Model-based evaluations of different options for subdividing the catch limit used illustrative reference points to assess the depletion risk to multiple predators. This study demonstrates that the apparent risk is sensitive to the choice of reference point and method for aggregating modelled predators. EBM practitioners and stakeholders need to be aware that these factors could therefore bias comparisons of management measures. Nonetheless, qualitative distinctions between different spatial subdivision options are relatively consistent except at high levels of aggregation and extreme reference points. This study also demonstrates a lack of generality in the relationship between current and future ecosystem state. Thus, the EBM goal of maintaining ecosystem resilience implies different reference points for the current state of different ecosystem components. Despite early progress in defining soft reference points for the krill stock, CCAMLR has not yet defined reference points for krill predators. Structured dialogue aimed at identifying collective objectives might be necessary to achieve further progress in CCAMLR and other EBM organizations.

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