Study of use improved drinking water sources in countries of the six regions of the World Health Organization

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals Assessment of drinking water contamination in food stalls of Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Rahman Shaibur ◽  
Mohammed Sadid Hossain ◽  
Shirina Khatun ◽  
F. K. Sayema Tanzia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the quality of drinking water supplied in different types of food stalls in Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh. A total of 35 water samples were collected from different tea stalls, street side fast food stalls, normal restaurants and well-furnished restaurants. The water quality was evaluated by determining the distinct physical, chemical and biological parameters. The results revealed that the water used in the food stalls and restaurants for drinking purpose was in desired quality in terms of turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), phosphate (PO43−), chloride (Cl−), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations. The values were within the permissible limit proposed by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and the World Health Organization. Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) found in several samples were higher than the World Health Organization standard. Iron (Fe) concentrations were higher than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization. Only 46% exceeded the permissible limit of Bangladesh Bureau Statistics. The threatening result was that the samples were contaminated by fecal coliform, indicating that the people of Jashore Municipality may have a greater chance of being affected by pathogenic bacteria. The drinking water provided in the street side fast food stalls was biologically contaminated. The findings demonstrate that the drinking water used in food stalls and restaurants of Jashore Municipality did not meet up the potable drinking water quality standards and therefore was detrimental to public health.

Protecting health from metal exposures in drinking water

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret-Ann Armour
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Environmental Determinant ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractDrinking water is essential to us as human beings. According to the World Health Organization “The quality of drinking-water is a powerful environmental determinant of health” (

Mechanisms of Boron Removal with Electrocoagulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Qian Jiang ◽  
Y. Xu ◽  
K. Quill ◽  
J. Simon ◽  
K. Shettle
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Solubility Product ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Boron Removal ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization

Environmental Context. Various environmental regulation organizations have set up standards or guidelines to regulate the boron concentration in drinking water, as a result of concern for human and animal health. In 2004, the World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality recommended boron values of no more than 0.5 mg L–1 in drinking water. Preliminary studies on boron removal with electrocoagulation have been carried out. However, in order to enhance boron removal using this method, and to meet the stringent guidelines set in place by the World Health Organization, there is a need to obtain a better understanding of how boron is removed from water by electrocoagulation. Abstract. This study aims to explore the mechanisms of boron removal by electrocoagulation (EC). The results demonstrate that adsorption and precipitation of boron by Al flocs are dominant mechanisms in boron removal using EC. The Al flocs that result from the EC process are found to be mainly composed of polymeric Al13 polymers (43%) and to have a long-lasting positive charge. These characteristics of the flocs contribute to the high levels of boron removal observed using EC. The maximum boron adsorption of the Al flocs is 200 mg g–1 and the solubility product constant (Ksp), which represents the boron precipitate Al(OH)2BO2·nH2O, is 2.6 × 10−40 (at 20°C).

scholarly journals A global reconnaissance of particulates and metals/metalloids in untreated drinking water sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Peterson ◽  
Benjamin M. Fry ◽  
Daniel R. Wade ◽  
Ford J. Fishman ◽  
Jacob T. Stid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
Who Guideline

AbstractMetal and metalloid contamination in drinking water sources is a global concern, particularly in developing countries. This study used hollow membrane water filters and metal-capturing polyurethane foams to sample 71 drinking water sources in 22 different countries. Field sampling was performed with sampling kits prepared in the lab at Hope College in Holland, MI, USA. Filters and foams were sent back to the lab after sampling, and subsequent analysis of flushates and rinsates allowed the estimation of suspended solids and metal and other analayte concentrations in source waters. Estimated particulate concentrations were 0–92 mg/L, and consisted of quartz, feldspar, and clay, with some samples containing metal oxides or sulfide phases. As and Cu were the only analytes which occurred above the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines of 10 μg/L and 2000 μg/L, respectively, with As exceeding the guideline in 45% of the sources and Cu in 3%. Except for one value of ~ 285 μg/L, As concentrations were 45–200 μg/L (river), 65–179 μg/L (well), and 112–178 μg/L (tap). Other metals (Ce, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn) with no WHO guideline were also detected, with Mn the most common. This study demonstrated that filters and foams can be used for reconnaissance characterization of untreated drinking water. However, estimated metal and other analyte concentrations could only be reported as minimum values due to potential incomplete retrieval of foam-bound analytes. A qualitative reporting methodology was used to report analytes as “present” if the concentration was below the WHO guideline, and “present-recommend retesting” if the concentration was quantifiable and above the WHO guideline.

scholarly journals Physiochemical and bacteriological analyses of selected sachet water in central Monrovia, Liberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Sampson K. P. CHEA ◽  
Terrance Paye
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Sachet Water ◽  
Bacteriological Parameters

In developing nations of the world 80% of all diseases and over 30% of death are related to drinking water. Drinking water may become contaminated during collection, handling, storage and use. Since the introduction of factory based water, their consumptions have increased severely in Liberia. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the physiochemical and bacteriological parameters of sachet water brands sold in Central Monrovia in order to ascertain whether they conform to recommended standards of portable drinking-water by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study made used of random sampling. Six samples of seven brands of sachet water were purchased randomly from provision shops. The samples were transported to the National Standards Laboratory for physiochemical and bacteriological analyses. Physiochemical parameters such as calcium, fluoride, iron, lead, turbidity and pH were checked, while Total Viable Count, coliform, and Escherichia were checked as bacteriological parameters. The calcium level of the samples ranged from 4.60 – 17.8 Mg/L. All the samples had 0.00 Mg/L of fluoride. The iron level of the samples ranged from 0.11 – 0.39 Mg/L. The lead level of the samples ranged from 0.21 – 0.36 Mg/L. The pH range of the samples was from 7.00 – 7.01. The turbidity of the samples ranged from 0.00 – 3.74 NTU. Six of the samples showed to have 0.00 NTU for turbidity. Only sample 6 had value for turbidity. The level of turbidity measured 3.47 NTU. Sample 1, 2, 5 and 7 had no trace of viable count, coliform and Escherichia while sample 3, 4 and 6 show traces of viable count, coliform and Escherichia. Samples with Total Viable Count far above 0 Cfu/mL are considered unfit for portability. There were coliform and Escherichia detected in some samples, thereby making these samples not palatable. All of the samples had concentration of calcium. All of the samples had pH and fluoride that are in range with the reference standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Ministry of Health (MOH). All of the samples had lead and iron that were out of range of the reference standards. All of the samples showed a turbidity of 0.00 NTU except sample 3 which had turbidity of 3.74 NTU.

scholarly journals Microbiological Analysis of Tube-Well Water in a Rural Area of Bangladesh

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 3328-3330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Islam ◽  
A. Siddika ◽  
M. N. H. Khan ◽  
M. M. Goldar ◽  
M. A. Sadique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
The World ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Five tube-wells in Matlab, Bangladesh, were selected for analysis of selected biophysicochemical parameters. The results showed that all tube-well water samples contained zooplankton and bacteria. Results for some of the parameters were outside the accepted limits recommended by the World Health Organization for drinking water. It is concluded that water from tube-wells should be treated if used as drinking water.

scholarly journals Proportion of deaths attributable to water, sanitation and hygiene in 2004

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najet Guefradj
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

This layer presents the percentage of deaths related to WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) out of the total number of deaths in each country in 2004. Those estimates are provided by the World Health Organization. This layer also provides data for each WASH-related disease. You can access the report here: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43840/1/9789241596435_eng.pdf For more information and to access the raw data, visit the WHO website: http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/saferwater/en/ Drinking water Health Hygiene Sanitation

scholarly journals Recirculating Shower Filtration System: Utilizing Natural, CostEfficient, and Effective Materials to Consolidate the Purification of Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Myles Spiess ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Purification Of Water

The objective of this project was to make a recirculating water shower system that creates clean water using natural resources, without the requirement of additional electricity. Due to the use of natural materials, maintenance of the shower will be dramatically reduced. Our shower system filters the used water and integrates it back into the pipes of the shower, to be used again. The filter removes dirt, bacteria, debris, and biodegradable shampoo. It does so with different filtration methods in each part of the filter. As the water moves from top to bottom, the largest to the smallest impurities are removed from the water to ultimately leave it potable. The system purifies the water to below 5 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU), the recommendation for drinking water by the World Health Organization. Cleaned water is collected and sent back to the shower head by a solar paneled water pump. Our economical shower system has the potential to reduce disease and allow for increased hygiene without wasting water.

scholarly journals A Mini Review on Microcystins and Bacterial Degradation

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Yaw Massey ◽  
Fei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Microcystins (MCs) classified as hepatotoxic and carcinogenic are the most commonly reported cyanobacterial toxins found in the environment. Microcystis sp. possessing a series of MC synthesis genes (mcyA-mcyJ) are well documented for their excessive abundance, numerous bloom occurrences and MC producing capacity. About 246 variants of MC which exert severe animal and human health hazards through the inhibition of protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) have been characterized. To minimize and prevent MC health consequences, the World Health Organization proposed 1 µg/L MC guidelines for safe drinking water quality. Further the utilization of bacteria that represent a promising biological treatment approach to degrade and remove MC from water bodies without harming the environment has gained global attention. Thus the present review described toxic effects and bacterial degradation of MCs.

scholarly journals [Causes of drinking-water contamination in rain-fed cisterns in three villages in Ramallah and Al-Bireh District, Palestine]

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-436
Author(s):  
Issam A. Al Khatib ◽  
Moammar Orabi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Westudied the biological characteristics of drinking-water in three villages in Ramallah and al-Bireh district, by testing the total coliforms. Water samples were collected from rain-fed cisterns between October and November 2001. The results show that 87% of tested samples of drinking-water were highly contaminated and in need of coagulation, filtration and disinfection based on the World Health Organization guidelines for drinking-water, and 10.5% had low contamination and were in need of treatment by disinfection only. Only 2.5% of the tested samples were not contaminated and were suitable for drinking without treatment. The main cause of drinking-water contamination was the presence of cesspits, wastewater and solid waste dumping sites near the cisterns

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