scholarly journals Effect of Transplanting Times on Rate and Duration of Grain Filling, Final Grain Weight and Grain Yield of Rice Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (19) ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
A. Vahdati-Rad ◽  
M. Esfahani ◽  
GH. Mohsenabadi ◽  
A. Sabouri ◽  
A. Aalami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars

Control of Grain Yield by Sink Capacity and Assimilate Supply in Various Rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fukai ◽  
L. Li ◽  
P. T. Vizmonte ◽  
K. S. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Sink Capacity ◽  
Single Grain ◽  
Grain Filling Period

SummaryThe objective of this study was to identify whether grain yield in four contrasting rice cultivars is limited by supply of assimilate to fill the grains or by sink capacity to accept the assimilate. Grain yield was limited mostly by sink capacity, with little variation in single grain weight among cultivars, but an old cultivar showed some ability to adjust single grain weight. Sink capacity was very sensitive to variation in assimilate supply immediately after anthesis. Reduction in assimilate supply in the anthesis to early grain filling period reduced filled grain percentage and grain yield, particularly in high yielding cultivars with a large number of grains per panicle.

scholarly journals Introgression of Sub1 (SUB1) QTL in mega rice cultivars increases ethylene production to the detriment of grain- filling under stagnant flooding

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Rani Kuanar ◽  
Kutubuddin Ali Molla ◽  
Krishnendu Chattopadhyay ◽  
Ramani Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Pravat Kumar Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme

AbstractIn the recent time, Submergence1 (Sub1)QTL, responsible for imparting tolerance to flash flooding, has been introduced in many rice cultivars, but resilience of the QTL to stagnant flooding (SF) is not known. The response of Sub1-introgression has been tested on physiology, molecular biology and yield of two popular rice cultivars (Swarna and Savitri) by comparison of the parental and Sub1-introgression lines (SwarnaSub1 and SavitriSub1) under SF. Compared to control condition SF reduced grain yield and tiller number and increased plant height and Sub1- introgression mostly matched these effects. SF increased ethylene production by over-expression of ACC-synthase and ACC-oxidase enzyme genes of panicle before anthesis in the parental lines. Expression of the genes changed with Sub1-introgression, where some enzyme isoform genes over-expressed after anthesis under SF. Activities of endosperm starch synthesizing enzymes SUS and AGPase declined concomitantly with rise ethylene production in the Sub1-introgressed lines resulting in low starch synthesis and accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in the developing spikelets. In conclusion, Sub1-introgression into the cultivars increased susceptibility to SF. Subjected to SF, the QTL promoted genesis of ethylene in the panicle at anthesis to the detriment of grain yield, while compromising with morphological features like tiller production and stem elongation.

Source - sink effects on grain weight of bread wheat, durum wheat, and triticale at different locations

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Calderini ◽  
M. P. Reynolds ◽  
G. A. Slafer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Source Limitation

Source limitation during grain filling is important for both management and breeding strategies of grain crops. There is little information on the sensitivity of grain weight of temperate cereals to variations in source–sink ratios, and no studies are available on the comparative behaviour of temperate cereals growing together in the same experiment. The objective of the current study was to evaluate, under field conditions, the response of grain weight to different source–sink ratios during grain filling in high-yielding cultivars of bread wheat, durum wheat, and triticale at 2 contrasting locations. Two experiments were carried out at C. Obregon and El Batan in Mexico. In each location, 6 genotypes (2 bread wheat, 2 durum wheat, 2 triticale) were evaluated. A week after anthesis, 2 source–sink (control and halved spikes) treatments were imposed. Location and genotype significantly (P < 0.01) affected grain yield and components. Significant grain weight increases (P < 0.05) were found only in 2 cases in El Batan. The highest response of 17% was found in triticale, with less than 10% in most of the other genotypes. The effect of genotype and location is discussed.

scholarly journals Leaf Characteristics and Grain Yield of Three Aromatic Rice Cultivars as Influenced by 6-Benzylaminopurine

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
M. C. Devsharmma ◽  
B. C. Sarker ◽  
S. K. Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

To explore the effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on leaf characteristics and grain yield of aromatic rice the present investigation was carried out. The experimental materials comprising four concentrations of BAP (0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm and 90 ppm) and three aromatic rice cultivars (Chinigura, Kataribhog and Kalijira). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. Statistical analysis indicated that leaf characteristics and grain yield of aromatic rice were significantly influenced by the concentrations of BAP. Leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf dry weight, panicle length, 500-grain weight and grain yield were increased with the increasing concentration of BAP. Among the concentrations, the 90 ppm of BAP performed better regarding the parameters studied. Maximum number of leaf, longest leaf, maximum leaf dry weight, highest length breadth ratio of leaf and maximum 500-grain weight was observed in Kataribhog which was statistically at par with that of Kalijira. Broader leaf was observed in Chinigura, whereas longest panicle and highest grain yield was recorded from Kalijira. Among different treatment combinations the highest grain yield (4.10 t ha-1) was recorded from Kalijira × 90 ppm BAP treatment and the lowest grain yield (3.08 t ha-1) was recorded from Chinigura × control treatment.

scholarly journals Response of phytohormone homeostasis to heat stress and the roles of phytohormones in rice grain yield: a review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wu ◽  
She Tang ◽  
Ganghua Li ◽  
Shaohua Wang ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Heat Effects

Rice is highly susceptible to heat stress at the reproductive stage. In this review, we first summarize recent progress in heat effects on rice grain yield during different reproductive stages. Different responses of yield traits of rice to heat stress during different reproductive stages are identified. The number of spikelets per panicle is reduced by heat stress during the early reproductive stage but is not affected by heat stress during the mid-late reproductive stage. Spikelet sterility induced by heat stress can be attributed primarily to physiological abnormalities in the reproductive organs during flowering but attributed to structural and morphological abnormalities in reproductive organs during panicle initiation. The lower grain weight caused by heat stress during the early reproductive stage was due to a reduction in non-structural carbohydrates, undeveloped vascular bundles, and a reduction in grain length and width, while a shortened grain filling duration, reduced grain filling rate, and decreased grain width affect grain weight when heat stress occurs during grain filling. Phytohormones play vital roles in regulating plant adaptations against heat stress. We discuss the processes involving phytohormone homeostasis (biosynthesis, catabolism, deactivation, and transport) in response to heat stress. It is currently thought that biosynthesis and transport may be the key processes that determine phytohormone levels and final grain yield in rice under heat stress conditions. Finally, we prospect that screening and breeding rice varieties with comprehensive tolerance to heat stress throughout the entire reproductive phase could be feasible to cope with unpredictable heat events in the future. Studies in phytohormone homeostatic response are needed to further reveal the key processes that determine phytohormone levels under heat condition.

scholarly journals Modelling the effects of post-heading heat stress on biomass partitioning, and grain number and weight of wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (19) ◽  
pp. 6015-6031
Author(s):  
Bing Liu ◽  
Leilei Liu ◽  
Senthold Asseng ◽  
Dongzheng Zhang ◽  
Wei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Improved Model

Abstract Grain yield of wheat and its components are very sensitive to heat stress at the critical growth stages of anthesis and grain filling. We observed negative impacts of heat stress on biomass partitioning and grain growth in environment-controlled phytotron experiments over 4 years, and we quantified relationships between the stress and grain number and potential grain weight at anthesis and during grain filling using process-based heat stress routines. These relationships included reduced grain set under stress at anthesis and decreased potential grain weight under stress during early grain filling. Biomass partitioning to stems and spikes was modified under heat stress based on a source–sink relationship. The integration of our process-based stress routines into the original WheatGrow model significantly enhanced the predictions of the biomass dynamics of the stems and spikes, the grain yield, and the yield components under heat stress. Compared to the original model, the improved version decreased the simulation errors for grain yield, grain number, and grain weight by 73%, 48%, and 49%, respectively, in an evaluation using independent data under heat stress in the phytotron conditions. When tested with data obtained under field conditions, the improved model showed a good ability to reproduce the decreasing dynamics of grain yield and its components with increasing post-anthesis temperatures. Sensitivity analysis showed that the improved model was able to reproduce the responses to various observed heat-stress treatments. These improvements to the crop model will be of significant importance for assessing the effects on crop production of projected increases in heat-stress events under future climate scenarios.

scholarly journals Correlation Analysis of Flag Leaf with Yield in Several Rice Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Asadur Rahman ◽  
ME Haque ◽  
B Sikdar ◽  
Md Asadul Islam ◽  
Muhammad Nurul Matin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
The Relationship

The uppermost leaf below the panicle is the flag leaf that provides the most important source of photosynthetic energy during reproduction and grain filling, thereby has great impact in panicle development and grain yield in rice. In the present investigation in order to explore the relationship between grain yield and flag leaf parameters, yield composition, length and width of the flag leaf, and panicle length were measured in some rice cultivars. Statistical analysis indicated that flag leaf length was positively correlated with panicle length for the studied cultivars demonstrating higher grain yield. Chlorophyll measurement indicated that flag leaf contained more chlorophyll than penultimate leaf. Yield of all the cultivars upon excision of flag leaf was also compared. Removal of flag leaf led to a decline in the seed-setting rate which eventually reduced the grain yield. Besides this, variable pollen viability was also noticed in the different cultivars. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20139 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 49-54, 2013

Secondary traits explaining sorghum genotype by environment interactions for grain yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana J. P. Carcedo ◽  
Pedro A. Pardo ◽  
Brenda L. Gambin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Grain Filling Duration ◽  
Secondary Traits ◽  
Yield Responses

Effective plant improvement depends on understanding grain yield genotype by environment (G × E) interactions. Studies focusing on more heritable (secondary) traits provide a way for interpreting the nature of these interactions and assist selection by adapting hybrids to specific adaptation patterns. The objective of our study was to explore some specific traits to help describe G × E interactions for yield in grain sorghum. A set of 22 representative hybrids were grown at eight different environments varying mainly in water and nitrogen availability. Studied traits were yield, phenology (time to anthesis and grain-filling duration), numerical yield components (grain number and individual grain weight) and physiological components (biomass at maturity and harvest index). The G × E interaction to G component variance represented 3.48 for grain yield, 1.03 for grain-filling duration, 0.87 for biomass at maturity, 0.71 for time to anthesis, and less than 0.5 for the rest of the traits. Although the G × E interaction for yield was large, the relative genotypic contribution of most studied traits suggests that G × E interaction is not a major impediment for attaining high selection responses to these traits. Pattern analysis applied to G × E best linear unbiased predictors defined three genotype and three environmental groups. Environments were grouped suggesting different water stress levels during early or pre-flowering stages, whereas genotype groups depicted different yield responses across environmental groups. Phenology differences among genotypes explained a large portion of the G × E interaction throughout its influence on grain weight. Late flowering genotypes performed poorly in terms of grain weight and yield across all environments, showing that these materials are not the best option for our production system. Longer grain filling contributed to grain weight and yield at environments with low stress levels, particularly when combined with intermediate or short maturity. Early materials contributed to grain weight and yield at the highest stressful environments. We provide useful information to sorghum breeders at temperate environments, and described secondary traits that could assist selection at particular environments.

scholarly journals Heat Stress Affects Seed Set and Grain Quality of Vietnamese Rice Cultivars during Heading and Grain Filling Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Tran Loc Thuy ◽  
Tran Ngoc Thach ◽  
Tran Thi Thanh Xa ◽  
Chau Thanh Nha ◽  
Vo Thi Tra My ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
High Temperature Environment

Environmental stress trigger a variety of rice plant response, ranging from alters seed set, grain yield and grain quality during flowering and grain filling stage.  Efforts are required to improve our understanding of the impact of heat stress on rice production, which are essential strategies in rice cultivation. This article investigated the seed set, yield components and grain yield of Vietnamese rice cultivars (Indica germplasm) under high temperature environment during the flowering and grain filling stage. Six rice cultivars, including popular cultivars and new cultivars of Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, and one popular extraneous cultivar with differences in maturing time, were grown in pots at high temperature (HT) and natural temperature condition as control (CT). All rice cultivars were subjected to the high temperature starting from the heading stage to the harvest maturity, applied by greenhouse effect. The greenhouse has about 25 cm window opening on 3 sides for air ventilation. The seed set rate of the heat-sensitive rice genotypes decreased significantly under HT, leading to a significant reduction in grain yield. The lowest seed set was recorded in “OM4900” (44.3%) and “OM18” (39.9%) under high temperature environment. The lower yield in all rice cultivars at an elevated temperature resulted in a dramatic decrease of filled grains and contributed to a loss of 1000-grain weight. ‘“OM892” is a potential rice cultivar for heat tolerant breeding program due to the seed set percentage was above 80% in both HT and CT conditions. High temperature during the grain filling stage resulted in a decreased amylose and increased chalkiness for all OM cultivars.

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