scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study of Homeless High Service Utilizers in Los Angeles County Jails: Race, Marginalization and Opportunities for Diversion

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-508
Author(s):  
Sonya Shadravan ◽  
Dustin Stephens ◽  
Oona Appel ◽  
Kristen Ochoa

Objectives: To describe the demographic, legal, and clinical characteristics of a cross-section of incarcerated homeless individuals with the highest utilization of Los Angeles (LA) County public services in order to increase opportunities for focused jail diversion.Methods: The “5% list” (N=5,905 in Febru­ary 2018), LA County’s list of homeless individuals with the highest 5% utilization of public services, was cross-matched with the total jail population to obtain a sample of 333 homeless high-utilizing individuals. This sample was compared with the overall jail population (N=17,121) from publicly avail­able aggregate data by Chi-square testing.Results: 84% of the high-utilizing sample were male, 38% Black, 37% Hispanic, 21% White. 67% were prescribed psychiatric medication. Compared with the overall jail population, the sample was significantly older, with a greater proportion of Black and White persons, and a lesser propor­tion of Hispanic individuals relative to the overall jail population. A significantly greater proportion of high-utilizing individuals faced misdemeanor charges.Conclusions: These data highlight the compounding effects of homelessness, race, and mental illness on carceral and social vulnerability. Findings suggest homeless high utilizers in jail with mental illness are likely to benefit from court-based diversion efforts aimed at housing and treatment. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(3):501-508. doi:10.18865/ed.30.3.501

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Ranjana Koirala ◽  
Tilarupa Bhattarai

Background: The health status of indigenous people including Tharu is very poor. Despite several studies on indigenous communities, no previous studies were found about mental illness and its awareness among the Tharu people in Nepal. Objectives: This study aims to find out the awareness of mental illness among adults of the Tharu community. Within the objective the present study specific to identify the level of awareness on mental illness and to identify an association between selected socio-demographic characteristics and level of awareness on mental illness. Method: The study was based on the descriptive cross-sectional design and was conducted in 3, 4, 6, 8, and 15 wards of the Madhyabindu municipality of Nawalpur District as the majority of the Tharu's household are located in these wards. This research administered a structured questionnaire to assess awareness of Tharu adults on mental illness. Data were collected in September and October 2018. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods where the researcher calculated mean, standard deviation, percentage, and frequency. Chi-square test was used for inferential statistics.Result: Our analysis revealed that the socioeconomic status of the Tharu community is based on agriculture. The overall level of awareness of respondents, 35.5 % had adequate awareness of mental illness whereas 34 % had moderate awareness and 30.5 % respondents had inadequate awareness of the mental illness. The level of awareness of mental illness is statistically significant with the age of respondents, gender, marital status, education status, and occupation status. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it concluded that nearly one-third of Tharu adults have an adequate level of awareness regarding mental illness. Further, the awareness level of Tharu adults tends to vary according to age, sex, education, occupation, and marital status.Implication: The findings of this study imply that mental awareness among the indigenous community is still low and the findings of the study could be used by a mental health organization to plan and implement mental health-related awareness programs in an indigenous community.


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 499-534
Author(s):  
Fernanda Jorge Guimaraes ◽  
Francyelle Juliany Da Silva Santos ◽  
Antônio Flaudiano Bern Leite ◽  
Viviane Rolim De Holanda ◽  
Girliani Silva De Sousa ◽  
...  

Introdução: a gestação é um período na vida da mulher que a expõe a diversas alterações físicas e psíquicas. É neste momento de sua vida que a mulher esta mais susceptível a desenvolver transtornos mentais, os quais podem estar relacionados a baixo nível de escolaridade e/ou socioeconômico, ser do sexo feminino, estar solteiro ou separado, não ter emprego, ser tabagista, etilista e ter história familiar de doença mental.Objetivo: analisar a ocorrência de adoecimento mental em gestantes e os fatores associados ao mesmo.Método: estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. A população do estudo foi constituída por gestantes cadastradas em Unidades de Saúde da Família. Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado questionário com dados de identificação das participantes e o questionário Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se frequência absoluta e relativa, como também o teste de qui-quadrado sem correção, teste de qui-quadrado de tendência com extensão de Mantel-Haenzel e o teste de qui-quadrado com correção de yates para analisar a associação entre o adoecimento mental e as variáveis sócio-demográficas, gestacionais e de saúde. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAAE 64945317.1.0000.5208).Resultados: a proporção de sugestão de adoecimento mental em gestantes foi de 31,9% e esteve associada com estar solteira, ter estudado até o ensino fundamental, não ter planejado a gravidez e possuir doença crônica.Conclusões: portanto, o adoecimento mental identificado nas gestantes participantes do estudo pode estar associado a variáveis estado civil, escolaridade, planejamento da gravidez e possuir doença crônica. Introducción: La gestación es un período en la vida de la mujer que la expone a diversos cambios físicos y psíquicos. Es en este momento de su vida cuando la mujer es más susceptible a desarrollar trastornos mentales, los cuales pueden estar relacionados con bajo nivel de escolaridad y / o socioeconómico, ser del sexo femenino, estar soltero o separado, no tener empleo, ser fumadora, alcoholica y tener antecedentes familiares de enfermedad mental.Objetivo: Analizar la ocurrencia de trastornos mentales en gestantes y los factores asociados al mismo.Método: Estudio transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo. La población del estudio fue constituida por gestantes registradas en Unidades de Salud de la Familia. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó el cuestionario con datos de identificación de las participantes y el cuestionario Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó una frecuencia absoluta y relativa, como también la prueba de chi-cuadrado sin corrección, prueba de chi-cuadrado de tendencia con extensión de Mantel-Haenzel y la prueba de chi-cuadrado con corrección de yates para analizar la asociación entre la enfermedad mental y las variables socio demográficas, gestacionales y de salud. Estudio aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco (CAAE 64945317.1.0000.5208).Resultados: La proporción de sugerencia de enfermedad mental en gestantes fue de 31,9% y estuvo asociada con estar soltera, haber estudiado hasta la enseñanza básica, no haber planeado el embarazo y tener enfermedad crónica.Conclusiones: Por lo tanto, la enfermedad mental identificada en las gestantes participantes del estudio puede estar asociada a variables estado civil, escolaridad, planificación del embarazo y tener enfermedad crónica. Introduction: Gestation is a period in the life of the woman that exposes her to various physical and psychic changes. It is at this point in her life that a woman is more likely to develop mental disorders, which may be related to low level of schooling and/or socioeconomic status, being female, being single or separated, having no job, being a smoker, and have a family history of mental illness.Objective: to analyze the occurrence of mental illness in pregnant women and the associated factors.Method: cross-sectional study with quantitative approach. The study population consisted of pregnant women enrolled in Family Health Units. To collect the data, a questionnaire was used with identification data of the participants and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Absolute and relative frequency were used to analyze the data, as well as the chi-square test without correction, chi-square test with Mantel-Haenzel extension and the chi-square test with yacht correction to analyze the association between mental illness and socio-demographic, gestational and health variables. Study approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Pernambuco (CAAE 64945317.1.0000.5208).Results: the proportion of suggestion of mental illness in pregnant women was 31.9% and was associated with being single, having studied until elementary school, not having planned pregnancy and having a chronic illness.Conclusions: therefore, the mental illness identified in pregnant women participating in the study may be associated with variables marital status, schooling, pregnancy planning, and chronic illness.


2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Dini Yuliansari

The well is one of the source water used for bathing, washing, and drinking by the citizens in Jiken Hamlet, Rarang Village, Terara Sub-District. Poor dug well construction conditions can affect the amount of coliform bacteria contained in the dug well water. The purpose of this study is to identify the construction of dug wells and the content of coliform bacteria in dug well water and determine the relationship between dug well construction and the content of coliform bacteria. This research is analytic with a cross sectional study design. The results were obtained from 11 samples of dug wells which were observed in construction and the coliform content was known that all samples did not requirements as good dug well construction. Coliform content test results showed that as many as 5 dug well water samples did not pass the clean water quality standards. The results of data analysis with the chi-square test variable construction of dug wells with coliform content variable  showed 0,172 > 0,05, then the concluded is the dug well not suitable to use by people in that area as a source of water for daily needs.


GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-370
Author(s):  
Dr. Ravi S. Dalawai

Indian population is in growing trend from 942.2 million in 1994 to 1.36 billion in 2019.Among this six per cent of India's population was of the age 65 and above (UNFPA, 2019). Today the work culture is totally changed. Both husband and wife are forced to work in the current scenario and unable to take care of their parents. The changing structure created increased problems for old age people leads to loneliness, psychological, physical health and financial insecurity. The study paper provides insight into the social and demographic factor and health related sickness of the oldest people. This research explained the cross-sectional study included a representative sample (n=116) of adults aged ≥60 years. The sample was chosen using a four-stage stratified random-cluster survey sampling method .The Chi Square test and ANOVA test was analyzed using SPSS20.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Abdul Qodir

Penatalaksanaan farmakologis dan non farmakologis dipercaya dapat mengontrol tekanan darah dan mencegah komplikasi, tetapi banyak pasien hipertensi tekanan darahnya tidak terkontrol. Hal tersebut dikarenakan kepatuhan yang buruk dalam melaksanakan rekomendasi gaya hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan faktor yang berhungan dengan kepatuhan melaksanakan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional di pukesmas dinoyo Kota Malang tahun 2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Consecutive Sampling. Kuesioner yang digunakan meliputi : karakteristik demografi, pengetahuan dan rekomendasi mofifikasi gaya hidup pasien hipertensi. Hubungan antara rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup dengan variabel independen dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dan analisis regresi logistik. 140 pasien hipertensi berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini (60 laki-laki, 80 wanita). Prevalensi kepatuhan adalah 28,6 %. Tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan  dengan kepatuhan melaksanakan rekomendasi gaya hidup (p=0,00). Jenis kelamin, usia, dan tingkat pendidikan tidak mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan kepatuhan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup (p= 0,06; p=0,21; p=0,87). Pengetahuan mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kepatuhan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup. Management of pharmacological and non-pharmacological is believed to control blood pressure and prevent complications,  but many hypertensive patients have uncontrolled blood pressure. This is due to poor adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications. This study was aimed to determine the factors associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pukesmas Dinoyo Malang in 2019. Consecutive Sampling was used to select study subjects. The questionnaire included information about demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice of lifestyle-modification measures. Associations between adherence to lifestyle modification and independent variables were analyzed using chi square and multivariate logistic regression analysis. 140 hypertensive patients participated in the study (60 men, 80 women). The prevalence of adherence was 28.6%. The level of knowledge was significant associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications (p = 0.00). Genders , age, and educational level were no significant associated with to recommended lifestyle modifications (p= 0.06; p=0.21; p=0.87). Knowledge was significant associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Entia Nopa ◽  
Ranissa Dwi Imansari ◽  
Irwandi Rachman

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Penyakit Kulit Pada Pekerja Pengangkut Sampah Di Kota Jambi 1Entianopa, 2Ranissa Dwi Imansari, 3Irwandi Rachman       123Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat STIKES Harapan Ibu, Jambi   Abstrak Latar Belakang: Kulit merupakan organ terbesar pada tubuh manusia yang membungkus otot-otot dan organ-organ dalam serta merupakan jalinan jaringan pembuluh darah, saraf, dan kelenjar yang tidak berujung, semuanya memiliki potensi untuk terserang penyakit yang salah satunya adalah penyakit kulit. Penyakit kulit merupakan salah satu gangguan kesehatan yang sering dialami oleh pekerja pengangkut sampah. Berdasarkan komposisi sampah yang diangkut serta waktu paparan kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara masa kerja, pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri (APD), dan personal hygiene dengan kejadian penyakit kulit pada pekerja pengangkut sampah di Kota Jambi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Sampel penelitian yaitu sebanyak 62 pekerja pengangkut sampah yang berada di Kantor Pekerjaan Umum dan Penata Ruang, yang mana seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel. Data dikumpulkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan kesehatan oleh dokter dan dengan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisa menggunakan uji statistik chi-square. Hasil: Hasil menunjukan bahwa pekerja yang mengalami penyakit kulit sebanyak 35 pekerja (56,5%). Berdasarkan hasil analisis chi-square didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara masa kerja dengan kejadian penyakit kulit pada pekerja pengangkut sampah dimana nilai (p-value= 0,006), Pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) nilai (p-value= 0,008), personal hygiene nilai (p-value= 0,008). Kesimpulan: Untuk meminimalisir risiko terjadinya penyakit kulit pada pekerja pengangkut sampah disarankan perlunya disusun standar operasional prosedur yang aman, penyediaan sarana sanitasi agar dapat mengurangi resiko terkena penyakit kulit. Pentingnya pemakaian APD dan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat selama bekerja, serta diharapkan pekerja menggunakan APD pada saat bekerja dan lebih memperhatikan personal hygiene.   Kata kunci      : Masa Kerja, APD, Personal Hygiene


2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foyez Haque ◽  
Alberto G. de la Rocha ◽  
Betty Ann Horbul ◽  
Patricia Desroches ◽  
Craig Orrell

Purpose: In Canada, the incidence of childhood obesity has tripled within the past 20 years. The prevalence of obesity in the Timmins, Ontario, student population was studied to gain knowledge for program planning and resource allocation, and to compare Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria with Cole’s international criteria for childhood obesity. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of 801 students were taken. Students were chosen from randomly selected schools for each grade. Data were analyzed according to age, gender, and ethnicity. Data were also compared with other studies. Intragroup comparisons were performed using hypothesis testing for significance with the z table and chi-square test. Results: Overweight and obesity prevalence was 28% according to CDC criteria. No statistical difference was found between genders or among ethnic groups, or between this study and other Canadian studies. In comparison with the CDC criteria, Cole’s international criteria indicated less obesity and increased overweight prevalence. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that in the northern Ontario community of Timmins, the prevalence of childhood obesity is of epidemic proportions. When the findings are shared with different agencies, this study will help the health unit to take necessary public health measures to curb the epidemic.


Author(s):  
Dur-e- Nishat

Background: Family medicine is a field in which complete and detailed set of healthcare services are provided to the patients and their families. In developed countries, freshly graduated students choose family medicine as a priority for their career. However, in Pakistan it is not the case. The present study is undertaken to determine the perceptions of final year medical students’ about Family Medicine as a viable career. Methods: A total number of 504 students participated in the study. This was a cross-sectional study. The study participants were in their final year of medical college. Data was collected using a preapproved questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed via SPSS version 17 and Chi-Square test was used post-stratification. Results: Only 14.3% (n=72) medical students had heard about Family Medicine. Only 18% (n=92) would select family medicine as a profession. The most frequent rationale for choosing the field of Family Medicine was the variety of patients seen in general practice (55.4% n=51). Conclusion: There is a dire need to focus on increasing awareness about the field of family medicine among medical students. The students should be counseled on the advantages along with the disadvantages of choosing this field as a medical profession.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Ayatullah Harun

Tujuan dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur dan obesitas pada kejadian Diabetes Gestasional di Puskesmas Dahlia Makassar 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitianan analitik dengan melakukan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur dan obesitas pada kejadian Diabetes Gestasional di Puskesmas Dahlia Makassar 2017 dengan jumlah populasi 374 orang dengan dan jumlah sampel 374 orang dengan menggunakan teknik Total  Sampling.Dari hasil uji statistic dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square (Pearson chi-square) diperoleh untuk variabel umur ibu nilai p = 0,162 > a = 0,05 artinya tidak ada hubungan antara umur ibu dengan kejadian Diabetes Gestasional pada ibu hamil.   Untuk variabel obesitas nilai p = 0,003 < a = 0,05 artinya ada hubungan antara obesitas dengan kejadian Diabetes Gestasional pada ibu hamil.Kesimpulan dari dua variabel yaitu umur dan obesitas, hanya variabel obesitas yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Diabetes Gestasional pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Dahlia Makassar 2017. Saran diharapkan penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu bahan masukan atau sumber data untuk penelitian selanjutnya.


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