scholarly journals How Incarceration Influences Native-Born Black Men’s Risk of Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Tony N. Brown ◽  
Julian Culver ◽  
Asia Bento
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Demographic Group ◽  
Health Significance

<p> <strong>Objective: </strong>To build upon research that inves­tigates the health significance of familial and former incarceration with special emphasis on obesity risk among native-born Black (ie, African American) men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the 2001-2003 National Survey of American Life (NSAL), focusing on native-born Black men (n=1140), the demographic group that bears the brunt of mass incarceration. The out­come of interest was obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI)&gt;30. Principal predic­tors were familial and former incarceration, and their statistical interaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In survey-adjusted binomial logistic regression models, familial incarceration ap­peared an unimportant predictor; whereas, former incarceration associated with a lower risk of obesity. However, former incarceration modifies the association between familial incarceration and obesity, such that native-born Black men experiencing both familial and former incarceration were significantly more likely to be obese.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Public health researchers should treat former incarceration with greater care in studies including native-born Black men because time spent incarcerated has lingering physical health significance.</p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018;28(2):69-74; doi:10.18865/ ed.28.2.69.</p>

Beverage intake and obesity in early childhood: evidence form primary health care clients in Northwest Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Alderete ◽  
I. Bejarano ◽  
A. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Northwest Argentina ◽  
Artificial Fruit

Sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) are thought to play an important role in weight gain. We examined the relationship between the intake of caloric and noncaloric beverages (SSB and water) and the nutritional status of children. In 2014, we randomly selected 16 public health clinics in four cities of Northwest Argentina and conducted a survey among mothers of children 0–6 years of age. Children’s beverage intake was ascertained by 24-h dietary recall provided by the mothers. Children’s weight and height measures were obtained from clinic’s registries. We calculated the body mass index using the International Obesity Task Force standards. The analysis included 562 children 25 months to 6 years of age with normal or above normal nutritional status. Children’s beverage consumption was as follows, water 81.8%, carbonated soft drinks (CSD) 49.7%, coffee/tea/cocoa 44.0%, artificial fruit drinks 35.6%, flavored water 17.9%, natural fruit juice 14.5%. In multivariate logistic regression models the likelihood of being obese v. being overweight or having normal weight doubled with an intake of one to five glasses of CSD (OR=2.2) and increased by more than three-fold with an intake of more than five glasses (OR=3.5). Drinking more than five glasses of water decreased the likelihood of being obese by less than half (OR=0.3). The percentage of children drinking more than five glasses of other beverages was low (3.3–0.9%) and regression models did not yield significant results. The study contributed evidence for reducing children’s CSD intake and for promoting water consumption, together with the implementation of comprehensive regulatory public health policies.

scholarly journals Weight Status and High Blood Pressure Among Low-Income African American Men

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marino A. Bruce ◽  
Bettina M. Beech ◽  
Christopher L. Edwards ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Isabel Scarinci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
African American ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Biological Risk Factor ◽  
West Tennessee

Obesity is a biological risk factor or comorbidity that has not received much attention from scientists studying hypertension among African American men. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between weight status and high blood pressure among African American men with few economic resources. The authors used surveillance data collected from low-income adults attending community- and faith-based primary care clinics in West Tennessee to estimate pooled and group-specific regression models of high blood pressure. The results from group-specific logistic regression models indicate that the factors associated with hypertension varied considerably by weight status. This study provides a glimpse into the complex relationship between weight status and high blood pressure status among African American men. Additional research is needed to identify mechanisms through which excess weight affects the development and progression of high blood pressure.

scholarly journals Examining the Association of Pain and Financial Hardship Among Older Men by Race in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 155798832110496
Author(s):  
Chiho Song ◽  
Gillian L. Marshall ◽  
Alyssa Reed ◽  
Tamara A. Baker ◽  
Roland J. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
African American Men ◽  
White Men ◽  
Older Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Hardship ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Retirement Study

Pain associated with financial hardship among older men varies by race. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of financial hardship with the presence of pain in men 50 years and older by race. Using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) 2010 wave, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between four financial hardship indicators and total financial hardship as a composite score, and the presence of pain by race. Among White men, the association between the presence of pain and hardship controlling for demographic factors was statistically significant across four indicators and one composite score: ongoing financial hardship (OR = 1.29, 95% CI [1.02, 1.64]), food insecurity (OR = 2.55, 95% CI [1.51, 4.31]), taking less medication due to cost (OR = 2.12, 95% CI [1.40, 3.22]), difficulty paying bills (OR = 1.36, 95% CI [1.07, 1.73]), and total financial hardship (OR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.12, 1.44]). Among African American men, the association between the presence of pain and taking less medication due to cost (OR = 2.99, 95% CI [1.31, 6.85]) was significant. With increasing comorbidities among older adults, particularly African Americans, it is imperative to fully understand the mechanisms of this underexplored area in both the pain and financial hardship literature.

Alcohol consumption in adolescence is associated with a lower risk of multiple sclerosis in a Danish cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1572-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Andersen ◽  
Helle Bach Søndergaard ◽  
Ditte Bang Oturai ◽  
Julie Hejgaard Laursen ◽  
Stefan Gustavsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
High Alcohol Consumption ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Lifestyle Questionnaire ◽  
Low Alcohol

Background and objective: Due to the possible existence of a vulnerable period of multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility in adolescence and because Danish teenagers have a high alcohol consumption, we investigated the association between alcohol consumption at ages 15–19 and the risk of developing MS. Methods: A total of 1717 patients with MS and 4685 healthy blood donors filled in a comprehensive environmental and lifestyle questionnaire. Data were analysed by logistic regression models and adjusted for selected confounders. Results: We found an inverse association between alcohol consumption in adolescence and risk of developing MS in both women ( p < 0.001) and men ( p = 0.012). Women with low alcohol consumption had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.56 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–0.66) compared with non-drinking women. The ORs were similar for women with moderate (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.38–0.62) and high consumption (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38–0.84). Men with low alcohol consumption had an OR of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.53–0.89) compared with non-drinking men but no decreased risk was found for men with moderate and high consumption. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption in adolescence was associated with lower risk of developing MS among both sexes.

Pacifiers and Exclusive Breastfeeding: Does Risk for Postpartum Depression Modify the Association?

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Sipsma ◽  
Katelin Kornfeind ◽  
Laura R. Kair
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
To Receive

Background: Postpartum depression is associated with lower rates of breastfeeding. Evidence describing the effect of pacifiers on breastfeeding is inconsistent, and previous research suggests that pacifiers may help vulnerable mothers breastfeed. Research aim: This study aimed to determine (a) how receiving a pacifier in the hospital affects exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 1 week and 3 months postpartum and (b) whether this association is modified by risk for postpartum depression (PPD). Methods: Data were derived from Listening to Mothers III. We included participants ( n = 1,349) who intended to breastfeed and delivered at term. Mothers were considered at high risk for PPD if they reported feeling the need to receive treatment for depression during pregnancy. We used weighted multivariable logistic regression models to adjust for covariates. Results: Receiving a pacifier in the hospital was not significantly associated with EBF at 1 week (odds ratio [ OR] = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.62, 1.12]) but was significantly associated with lower odds of EBF at 3 months postpartum ( OR = 0.72, 95% CI [0.54, 0.95]). Risk for PPD modified this association. Among mothers at high risk for PPD, receiving a pacifier was significantly associated with increased odds of EBF ( OR = 3.31, 95% CI [1.23, 8.97] at 1 week and OR = 5.27, 95% CI [1.97, 14.12] at 3 months); however, among mothers who were at lower risk for PPD, receiving a pacifier was associated with decreased odds of EBF ( OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.56, 1.02] at 1 week and OR = 0.62, 95% CI [0.46, 0.82] at 3 months). Conclusion: Pacifiers may help protect against early cessation of EBF among mothers at high risk for depression. Additional research is needed to better understand this association.

scholarly journals Associations of Meeting 24-hour Movement Guidelines with Stress and Self-rated Health among Adults: Is Meeting more Guidelines Associated with Greater Benefits?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja KASTELIC ◽  
Željko PEDIŠIĆ ◽  
Dean LIPOVAC ◽  
Nika KASTELIC ◽  
Si-Tong CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Movement Behaviour ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Rated Health

Abstract Background: Several countries have recently issued 24-hour movement guidelines for adults. From a public health perspective, it is important to explore the health benefits of meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the associations of meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines with stress and self-rated health among adults, and whether the likelihood of favourable outcomes increases with the number of movement guidelines met.Methods: A total of 2476 adults participated in our survey. The participants were categorised depending on whether they met the combined 24-hour movement guidelines, any combination of two individual guidelines, or any individual guideline. The associations of meeting the movement guidelines with stress and self-rated health were analysed using ordinal logistic regression models.Results: Significantly lower odds of reporting higher frequency of stress were found for those who met the combined 24-hour movement guidelines (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32, 0.63; p < 0.001), any combination of two guidelines (OR range: 0.48 – 0.63; p < 0.05 for all), and sleep guideline only (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.75; p = 0.001). Significantly higher odds of reporting better self-rated health were found for those who met the combined 24-hour movement guidelines (OR = 2.94; 95% CI: 2.07, 4.19; p < 0.001), combination of MVPA and SB guidelines (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.57, 3.44; p < 0.001), combination of MVPA and sleep guidelines (OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.59; p = 0.002), and MVPA guideline only (OR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.50, 3.36; p < 0.001). Meeting more guidelines was associated with greater odds of favourable outcomes (p for linear trend < 0.001). Conclusion: Adults who meet the sleep guideline, any combination of two guidelines, or all three guidelines experience stress less frequently. Meeting the MVPA guideline alone or in combination with any other movement behaviour guideline was associated with better self-rated health. The likelihood of less frequent stress and better self-rated health increases with the number of guidelines met. These findings highlight the public health importance of encouraging adults to meet as many movement behaviour guidelines as possible.

The role of social embeddedness for remaining in non-desired workplaces and mental health consequences: Results from Scania Public Health Cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-343
Author(s):  
Claudia Bernhard-Oettel ◽  
Catarina Canivet ◽  
Gunnar Aronsson ◽  
Johanna StengÅRd ◽  
P-O ÖStergren
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Over Time

Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of social embeddedness on and off the job in relation to remaining in non-desired workplaces (NDWs) and the development of mental health. Method: The study used questionnaire data from the Scania Public Health cohort ( N=2410) that were collected in 2000 (T1), 2005 (T2) and 2010 (T3). Logistic regression models were calculated to probe how NDWs and social embeddedness factors measured at baseline (T1) related to NDWs five years later (T2), and to investigate how NDWs and social embeddedness factors at T2 related to poor mental health at T3. Synergy indices were calculated in both analyses to test for additive v. interactive effects between NDWs and social embeddedness factors on the outcomes. Results: NDWs at baseline and low social embeddedness on and off the job was associated with NDWs at T2. For those in a desired workplace, low support from co-workers as well as low workplace affinity increased the risk to be in an NDW at T2. NDWs and low social embeddedness also associated with impaired mental health (T3). For those in an NDW, low support from co-workers as well as low workplace affinity increased the risk of poor mental health at T3. Conclusions: This study underlines the importance of social embeddedness for NDWs and the development of poor mental health over time. Particularly low social support from co-workers and low workplace affinity seem to be risk factors for future experience of an NDW and impaired mental health.

scholarly journals Statistical Modeling of Determinants of Anemia Prevalence among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Anemia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ropo Ebenezer Ogunsakin ◽  
Bayowa Teniola Babalola ◽  
Oludare Akinyemi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Childhood Anemia ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Objective. Childhood anemia remains a significant public health challenge in developing countries, and it has negative consequences on the growth of the children. Therefore, it is essential to identify the determinants of childhood anemia, as these will help in formulating appropriate health policies in order to meet the United Nations MDG goal. This study aims to assess and model the determinants of the prevalence of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in Nigeria. To accomplish the aims of the study, the authors applied single-level and multilevel binary logistic regression models. Methods. To measure the relative impact of individual and household-level factors for childhood anemia among children aged 6–59 months, this study undertakes data from Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys with both binary logistic and multilevel logistic regression models. The fit of the model was assessed by Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit, variance inflation factor, and likelihood ratio tests. Results. The study established that about 67.01% of the children were anemic and identified sex of children, mother’s education, religion, household wealth status, total children ever born, age of children, place of residence, and region to have a statistical significant effect on the prevalence of anemia. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for anemia was 0.56 (95% CI = 0.50, 0.63) in children aged from 24 to 42 months and 0.40 (95% CI = 0.36, 0.45) in children aged from 43 to 59 months. Also, children who reside in certain geographical-political zones of Nigeria are associated with increased childhood anemia. Conclusion. This study has highlighted the high prevalence of childhood anemia in Nigeria and indicated the need to improve mothers’ education and regional variations. Findings from this study can help policymakers and public health institutions to map out programs targeting these regions as a measure of tackling the prevalence of anemia among the Nigerian populace.

scholarly journals Developing and Validating Lower Risk Online Gambling Thresholds with Actual Bettor Data from a Major Internet Gambling Operator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Louderback ◽  
Debi LaPlante ◽  
Shawn R. Currie ◽  
Sarah E Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Risk Limits ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Objective: To help individuals avoid potential negative consequences associated withtheir gambling, researchers have developed lower risk limits for time and financial involvementamong populations of land-based gamblers. The present study extended these efforts to onlinegambler populations with prospective longitudinal data. Method: We used receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and logistic regression models predicting a Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen (BBGS; Gebauer, LaBrie &amp; Shaffer, 2010) to develop lower risk limits for six measures of gambling involvement among subscribers to an online gambling operator. We also tested the utility of these six newly-developed limits and three existing land-based limits for the BBGS outcome and proxies for gambling problems including: (1) voluntary self-limiting, (2) voluntary self-exclusion, (3) closing one's account, and (4) being assigned a flag for potential problem gambling by customer service. Results: We identified five optimal limits for lower risk online gambling with adequate sensitivity and specificity for predicting BBGS-positive status, and four of those that also predicted at least one proxy outcome in logistic regression models. These four empirically supported gambling limits were: (1) wagering 167.97 Euros or less each month; (2) spending 6.71% or less of annual income on online gambling wagers; (3) losing 26.11 Euros or less on online gambling per month; and (4) demonstrating variability (i.e., standard deviation) in daily amount wagered of 35.14 Euros or less during one's duration active. Conclusions: Our findings have implications for lower risk gambling limits research and suggest that unique limits might apply to online and land-based gambler populations.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Real-Time Tracker and Analytical Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Long
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Time Data ◽  
General Audience ◽  
The Real ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Data Visualizations

While the COVID-19 outbreak was reported to first originate from Wuhan, China, it has been declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 by WHO, and it has spread to over 180 countries by the time of this paper was being composed. As the disease spreads around the globe, it has evolved into a worldwide pandemic, endangering the state of global public health and becoming a serious threat to the global community. To combat and prevent the spread of the disease, all individuals should be well-informed of the rapidly changing state of COVID-19. In the endeavor of accomplishing this objective, a COVID-19 real-time analytical tracker has been built to provide the latest status of the disease and relevant analytical insights. The real-time tracker is designed to cater to the general audience without advanced statistical aptitude. It aims to communicate insights through various straightforward and concise data visualizations that are supported by sound statistical foundations and reliable data sources. This paper aims to discuss the major methodologies which are utilized to generate the insights displayed on the real-time tracker, which include real-time data retrieval, normalization techniques, ARIMA time-series forecasting, and logistic regression models. In addition to introducing the details and motivations of the utilized methodologies, the paper additionally features some key discoveries that have been derived in regard to COVID-19 using the methodologies.

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