scholarly journals Daily and Nondaily Smoking Varies by Acculturation among English-Speaking, US Latino Men and Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Pulvers ◽  
A. Paula Cupertino ◽  
Taneisha S. Scheuermann ◽  
Lisa Sanderson Cox ◽  
Yen-Yi Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
English Language ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latino Men ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nondaily Smoking

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher smoking prevalence and quantity (cigarettes per day) has been linked to acculturation in the United States among Latinas, but not Latino men. Our study examines variation between a dif­ferent and increasingly important target behavior, smoking level (nondaily vs daily) and acculturation by sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online English-language sur­vey was administered to 786 Latino smokers during July through August 2012. The Brief Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans–II (ARSMA-II) and other accul­turation markers were used. Multinomial lo­gistic regression models were implemented to assess the association between smoking levels (nondaily, light daily, and moderate/ heavy daily) with acculturation markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater ARMSA-II scores (rela­tive risk ratio, <em>RRR</em>=.81, 95% CI: .72-.91) and being born inside the United States (<em>RRR</em>=.42, 95% CI: .24-.74) were associated with lower relative risk of nondaily smoking. Greater Latino orientation (<em>RRR</em>=1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.48) and preference for Spanish language (<em>RRR</em>=1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10) and media (<em>RRR</em>=1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.20) were associated with higher relative risk of nondaily smoking. The relationship between acculturation and smoking level did not differ by sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that among both male and female, English-speaking Latino smokers, nondaily smoking was associated with lower acculturation, while daily smoking was linked with higher ac­culturation.</p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018.28(2):105-114; doi:10.18865/ed.28.2.105.</p>

Durable Ethnicity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Telles ◽  
Christina A. Sue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
The Third ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
The Common

Despite the common perception that most persons of Mexican origin in the United States are undocumented immigrants or the young children of immigrants, the majority are citizens and have been living in the United States for three or more generations. On many dimensions of integration, this group initially makes strides on education, English language use, socioeconomic status, intermarriage, residential segregation, and political participation, but progress on some dimensions halts at the second generation as poverty rates remain high and educational attainment declines for the third and fourth generations, although ethnic identity remains generally strong. In these ways, the experience of Mexican Americans differs considerably from that of previous waves of European immigrants who were incorporated and assimilated fully into the mainstream within two or three generations. This book examines what ethnicity means and how it is negotiated in the lives of multiple generations of Mexican Americans.

scholarly journals Acculturation Determines BMI Percentile and Noncore Food Intake in Hispanic Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Wiley ◽  
Michelle M. Cloutier ◽  
Dorothy B. Wakefield ◽  
Dominica B. Hernandez ◽  
Autherene Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hispanic Children ◽  
Orientation Score ◽  
Maternal Acculturation ◽  
Child Bmi

Abstract Hispanic children in the United States are disproportionately affected by obesity. The role of acculturation in obesity is unclear. This study examined the relation between child obesity, dietary intake, and maternal acculturation in Hispanic children. We hypothesized that children of more acculturated mothers would consume more unhealthy foods and would have higher body mass index (BMI) percentiles. A total of 209 Hispanic mothers of children aged 2–4 y (50% female, 35.3 ± 8.7 mo, BMI percentile: 73.1 ± 27.8, 30% obese, 19% overweight) were recruited for an obesity prevention/reversal study. The associations between baseline maternal acculturation [Brief Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II (Brief ARSMA-II)], child BMI percentile, and child diet were examined. Factor analysis of the Brief ARSMA-II in Puerto Rican mothers resulted in 2 new factors, which were named the Hispanic Orientation Score (4 items, loadings: 0.64–0.81) and U.S. Mainland Orientation Score (6 items, loadings: −0.61–0.92). In the total sample, children who consumed more noncore foods were more likely to be overweight or obese (P &lt; 0.01). Additionally, children of mothers with greater acculturation to the United States consumed more noncore foods (P &lt; 0.0001) and had higher BMI percentiles (P &lt; 0.04). However, mothers with greater Hispanic acculturation served fewer noncore foods (P &lt; 0.0001). In the Puerto Rican subgroup of mothers, Puerto Rican mothers with greater acculturation to the United States served more noncore foods (P &lt; 0.0001), but there was no association between acculturation and child BMI percentile in this subgroup. These mothers, however, served fewer sugar-sweetened beverages (P &lt; 0.01) compared with non-Puerto Rican mothers, and this may have negated the effect of noncore food consumption on BMI percentile. These data suggest a complex relation between acculturation, noncore food consumption, and child BMI percentile in Puerto Rican and non-Puerto Rican Hispanic children.

scholarly journals CULTURA E ENSINO CRÍTICO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA COMO LÍNGUA INTERNACIONAL | CULTURE AND ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE CRITICAL TEACHING

2016 ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Tainá Almeida Alves Martins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
English Teaching ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
International Language ◽  
Critical Teaching ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Este artigo tem por objetivo esclarecer a relação entre língua e cultura e sua importância para o ensino crítico da língua internacional (SIQUEIRA, 2008) da atualidade: a língua inglesa (LI). Inicialmente, as transformações pelas quais passou o conceito de cultura (STREET, 1993; LIMA, 2008; BAUMAN, 2013) são evidenciadas a fim de demarcar qual compreensão do termo é a mais adequada para o ensino crítico de línguas aqui defendido. Os perigos da influência cultural indiscriminada dos países de LI, principalmente Inglaterra e Estados Unidos, são tematizados na parte dois deste artigo e relacionados ao fenômeno de afinamento de fronteiras e trânsito cultural chamado de globalização. Por fim, defende-se a interculturalidade (KRAMSCH, 2001; ALMEIDA FILHO, 2002; OLIVEIRA, 2007), como melhor abordagem pedagógica para um ensino de LI que se pretenda crítico e reflexivo.</p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong><em> </em><em>This article aims to clarify the relationship between language and culture and its importance to the critical teaching of today's international language (Siqueira, 2008): the English language (EL). Initially, the transformations undergone by the concept of culture (Street, 1993; Lima, 2008; Bauman, 2013) are highlighted in order to demarcate which understanding of the term is most appropriate for critical language teaching here defended. The dangers of indiscriminate cultural influence of EL countries, mainly Britain and the United States, are thematized in part two of this article and related to the weakening borders and cultural traffic phenomenon called globalization. Finally, the interculturality (Kramsch, 2001; Almeida Filho, 2002; Oliveira, 2007) is presented as best pedagogical approach to EL teaching that intends to be critical and reflective</em>.</p><p>Keywords: <em>Culture; Globalization; Interculturality; Critical English teaching.</em></p>

scholarly journals The Earnings Disadvantage of 21st Century Immigrants in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Fahad Gill ◽  
Waseem Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
21St Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Low Levels

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the earnings disadvantage of 21st century immigrants in the United States. The study is the first to decompose the earnings disadvantage faced by recent immigrants to present the channels through which immigrants lag behind their native counterparts. The decomposition of the earnings disadvantage reveals that the time spent in the United States is the key determinant of the earnings disadvantage. Other important sources of the earnings disadvantage of immigrants are the levels of English-language proficiency and educational attainment. The decomposition analysis also suggests that low levels of human capital cause an even larger disadvantage for immigrants in the years following the 2008-2009 recession as compared with the corresponding relative returns of the prerecession period. The decomposition analysis and trends in returns to human capital variables highlight the merits of a selective immigration system that favors young, English-speaking, and highly educated individuals. JEL Classifications: J1, J3, J6

Being Skeptical About "Internal Colonialism"

Worldview ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
Daniel J. O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
Pluralistic Societies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mexican Government ◽  
The Relationship

Internal colonialism has beeome a popular term in academic parlance. Although suggested in the writings of Lenin, it was probably first developed by the Mexican intellectual Pablo Gonzales Casanova, who employed the term in his Democracy in Mexico to describe the relationship between the Mexican Government and the Indian population. In the United States it has since been used to characterize the status of virtually every minority. The charge is made that blacks, Mexican- Americans, Indians, and even women have been colonized. Virtually all culturally pluralistic societies— outside the socialist bloc—are now stigmatized as instances of internal colonialism.

scholarly journals Translation as Charitable Currency: Internationalization Through International Alumni Giving

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (Winter) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
Zachary Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
International Alumni ◽  
Currency Internationalization

As higher education continues to internationalize, the United States higher education system remains a predominantly English-speaking entity. This research-in-progress will examine how United States institutions of higher education engage with English-language learning international alumni to explore how these alumni are asked to give back to their alma mater. I hypothesize that many institutions of higher educaiton may be perpetuing academic capitalism by viewing international alumni as sources of financial support and not as sources of rich linguistic capital that could be leveraged to further diversify the institution and facilitate equitable access to higher education.

The Lingua Franca Mandate

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Tsedal Neeley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Marketing Manager ◽  
Work Requirements ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
English Speaking

This chapter sets the stage with the dramatic announcement by Hiroshi Mikitani, CEO of Rakuten, informing his 10,000 employees, of which over 7,100 are Japanese nationals, that from that day forward they would need to speak English in the workplace. In two years, they would be required to clear a proficiency test or risk demotion. This chapter introduces three employees who represent the categories that make up the core of the book. The first is Kenji, a Japanese engineer gripped by shock and fear that his years of hard work with the company will count for naught, who then receives the technical and emotional support to practice new English language skills. Next is Robert, a native English-speaking marketing manager from the United States, thrilled that the company is switching to his native language and who anticipates an easy career advance only to have his sense of privilege curtailed by new, daily work requirements, followed by a trip to Japan where his cultural blinders begin to loosen. Finally, there is the German IT technician, Inga, who is pleased by the announcement, who hopes it will streamline her work process—and learns that it does once she climbs the steep and often frustrating learning curve.

scholarly journals Exclusive Breastfeeding Experiences among Mexican American Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Wambach ◽  
Elaine Williams Domian ◽  
Sallie Page-Goertz ◽  
Heather Wurtz ◽  
Kelli Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Mexican American Women ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
American Women

Background:According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hispanic breastfeeding mothers begin early formula supplementation at higher rates than other ethnic groups, which can lead to shorter breastfeeding duration and decreased exclusive breastfeeding. Acculturation, the process of adopting beliefs and behaviors of another culture, appears to influence breastfeeding practices of Hispanic women in the United States. Little is known about Mexican American mothers’ formula use and exclusive breastfeeding within the context of acculturation.Objective:Our study identified perceived benefits and barriers to exclusive breastfeeding and levels of acculturation among Mexican American women living in a Midwestern city.Methods:We used a qualitative descriptive design integrating Pender’s Health Promotion Model concepts. Individual interviews were conducted in English or Spanish (N = 21). The revised Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans was used to examine acculturation levels.Results:Acculturation scores indicated that the majority (66%) of the sample was “very Mexican oriented.” Most women exclusively breastfed, with a few using early supplementation for “insufficient milk production.” Three themes emerged: (1) It is natural that a woman give life and also provide the best food for her baby; (2) Breastfeeding is ultimately a woman’s decision but is influenced by tradition, guidance, and encouragement; and (3) Breast milk is superior but life circumstances can challenge one’s ability to breastfeed.Conclusion:Strong familial/cultural traditions supported and normalized breastfeeding. Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding were similar to breastfeeding women in general, in the United States. Findings support the need for culturally competent and individualized lactation care.

“Un peso, mami!”

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Hassa ◽  
Chelsea Krajcik
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Washington Heights ◽  
The Relationship

This study analyzes the linguistic landscape of the New York City Dominican neighborhood of Washington Heights to investigate the relationship between language ideologies and transnational dynamics and to observe recent gentrification and sociocultural changes in the neighborhood. It juxtaposes the linguistic landscape with the phenomenon of transnationalism to study the degree and context of the use of Spanish (the official and most frequently spoken language in the Dominican Republic but a minority language in the United States), English (the mainstream language of the United States), and other languages found within the Washington Heights urban landscape. The results confirm the dominance of the English language and reveal the inequality of Spanish and other minority languages as well as how the neighborhood reproduces and contests such ideologies.

Insurgent Aztlán: The Liberating Power of Cultural Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-456
Author(s):  
Armando A. Arias
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Cultural Resistance ◽  
South West ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

This is a book review of Insurgent Aztlán: The Liberating Power of Cultural Resistance, written by Ernesto Todd Mireles and published in 2020 by Somos en escrito Literary Foundation Press in Berkeley, California. As the subtitle indicates, this book is about the liberating power of cultural resistance, and in this case the subjects of cultural resistance are Mexican Americans in the South West of the United States of America (USA) who identify themselves as Xicanos. The author, who is a Xicano scholar and organizer, reconstructs the relationship between social and political insurgent theory and Xicano literature, films and myths. Based on decades of organizing experience and a scholarly review of the writings of recognized observers and leaders of national liberation movements, the author provides a remarkable work of scholarship that incorporates not only the essence of earlier resistance writing but also provides a new paradigm of liberation for the particular situation of Mexican Americans in the USA.

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