scholarly journals The Impact of Veteran Status on Life-Space Mobility among Older Black and White Men in the Deep South

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina M. McCaskill, PhD, MSW, MPA ◽  
Patricia Sawyer, PhD ◽  
Kathryn L. Burgio, PhD ◽  
Richard Kennedy, MD ◽  
Courtney P. Williams, MPH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Life Space ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Veterans ◽  
Veteran Status ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To examine life-space mobility over 8.5 years among older Black and White male veterans and non-veterans in<br />the Deep South.</p><p><strong>Design</strong>: A prospective longitudinal study of community-dwelling Black and White male adults aged &gt;65 years (N=501; mean age=74.9; 50% Black and 50% White) enrolled in the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Study of Aging. Data from baseline in-home assessments with followup telephone assessments of life-space mobility completed every 6 months were used in linear mixed-effects modeling analyses to examine life-space mobility trajectories.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Main outcome measure:</strong> Life-space mobility.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In comparison to veterans, nonveterans were more likely to be Black, single, and live in rural areas. They also reported lower income and education. Veterans had higher baseline life-space (73.7 vs 64.9 for non-veterans; <em>P</em>&lt;.001). Race-veteran<br />subgroup analyses revealed significant differences in demographics, comorbidity, cognition, and physical function. Relative to Black veterans, there were significantly greater declines in life-space trajectories for White non-veterans (P=.009), but not for White veterans (P=.807) nor Black non-veterans (P=.633). Mortality at 8.5 years was 43.5% for veterans and 49.5% for non-veterans (P=.190) with no significant differences by race-veteran status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Veterans had significantly higher baseline life-space mobility. There were significantly greater declines in lifespace<br />trajectories for White non-veterans in comparison to other race-veteran subgroups. Black veterans and non-veterans did not have significantly different trajectories.<em>Ethn Dis. </em>2015;25(3):255-262.</p>

516 Impacts of Chronic Nausea and Vomiting on Daytime Sleepiness and Fatigue

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A203-A203
Author(s):  
Maurice Ohayon ◽  
Y J Chen ◽  
Marie-Lise Cote
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Chronic Nausea ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Chronic nausea and vomiting (CNV), common symptoms in patients with GI disorders like gastroparesis, can be a debilitating health problem with considerable impact on patients’ health-related quality of life during daytime. Yet, little is known about how CNV may impact on sleepiness and fatigue during the daytime. Our aim was to examine the impact of CNV on daytime sleepiness and fatigue based on the data from a longitudinal study. Methods Prospective longitudinal study with two waves: 12,218 subjects interviewed by phone during wave 1 (W1); 10,931 during wave 2 (W2) three years later. The sample was representative of the US general population. Analyses included subjects participating to both waves (N=10,931). CNV was defined as episodes of nausea and vomiting occurring at least twice a month for at least 1 month (outside pregnancy). Logistic regression models were employed to determine whether CNV is a predictive variable for excessive sleepiness or fatigue. Results Out of all W1 participants, 9.8% (95% CI: 9.2%-10.4%) reported nausea only while 3% (95% CI: 2.7%-3.3%) reported CNV. In W2, 7.7% (95% CI: 7.2%-8.2%) reported nausea only and 2.5% (95% CI: 2.2%-2.8%) reported having CNV. Of the subjects who participated in both W1 and W2, 25.7% of them reported CNV in W1. CNV subjects reported more frequently excessive daytime sleepiness (53.5% vs. 25.9%) and being moderately or severely fatigued (38.6% vs, 5.4%) compared with the participants without nausea or vomiting. After controlling for age, sex, BMI, health status, alcohol intake, sleep disorders and psychiatric disorders that might impact on daytime sleepiness or fatigue, it was found that subjects with CNV at both W1 and W2 had a significantly higher relative risk of reporting daytime sleepiness (RR: 2.7 (95% CI:1.9–3.9) p&lt;0.0001) and fatigue (RR: 4.9 (95% CI:3.2–7.5) p&lt;0.0001) at W2, compared with the participants without nausea or vomiting. Conclusion Many factors are likely to influence daytime sleepiness. CNV appears to be an important contributor even after controlling for several factors that can explain the sleepiness. This underlines the extent to which alertness could be disturbed and impacted by chronicity of nausea/vomiting symptoms. Support (if any) This analysis study was funded by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company

Associations between socio-economic status measures and functional change among older people in Taiwan

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERNG-CHIA CHIU ◽  
YING-HUI HSIEH ◽  
LIH-WEN MAU ◽  
MEI-LIN LEE
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The major purpose of this study was to examine the effects of socio-economic status (SES) on changes in functional abilities, as measured by Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scales, among older people in Taiwan. A prospective longitudinal study design was used. A panel of 874 community-dwelling older people were followed over four years (1994 to 1998). Three SES indicators, education, having ‘extra’ money (more than required for basic necessities), and principal lifetime occupation were included in separate multiple logistic regression models of functional change in physical ADL (PADL) and in instrumental ADL (IADL). Over the four years, the study cohort experienced greater decreases in IADL functioning than in PADL functioning. Having ‘extra’ money was significantly and negatively associated with PADL decline, while level of education had a strong positive relationship with IADL functioning. In addition to SES, age was significantly associated with PADL and IADL functioning change. The paper also reports a comparison of similar findings from several eastern and western countries. This has established that among the available SES indicators, the level of education has most consistently been shown in both eastern and western population studies to be related to health and health change, and that self-perceived economic resource is also related to older people's health in Asian populations.

Male Youth Activities and Metropolitan Context

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Black Male ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
White Male ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Activity Choices ◽  
The Impact

The research reported here examines the impact of metropolitan location on the activity choices of a sample of black and white male youths living in large metropolitan areas in the United States in 1980. The results of the analysis confirm that similar youths living in different metropolitan areas will make different activity choices. Furthermore, black male youths are found to be substantially more sensitive to metropolitan context than white male youths. The analysis also suggests that black and white disadvantaged youths respond differently to metropolitan context in terms of the trade-offs between activities. Disadvantaged black male youths are highly unlikely to be employed in all metropolitan areas and tend to trade-off staying in school with idleness, whereas disadvantaged white male youths tend to trade-off employment with idleness, depending on the metropolitan area they live in. This research confirms the importance of incorporating geographic context into our theoretical understanding of male youths' behavior. We must also, however, continue to address the implications of race as it shapes the context-dependent labor-market experiences of male youths.

scholarly journals The Impact of Artesunate-Amodiaquine on Schistosoma mansoni Infection among Children Infected by Plasmodium in Rural Area of Lemfu, Kongo Central, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Makola Mbanzulu ◽  
Josué Kikana Zanga ◽  
Jean Pierre Kambala Mukendi ◽  
Felly Mbaya Ntita ◽  
Junior Rika Matangila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Infection Pattern ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

Background. Malaria and schistosomiasis remain life-threatening public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. The infection pattern related to age indicates that preschool and school-age children are at the highest risk of malaria and schistosomiasis. Both parasitic infections, separately or combined, may have negative impacts on the haemoglobin concentration levels. The existing data revealed that artemisinin derivatives commonly used to cure malaria present also in antischistosomal activities. The current study investigated the impact of Artesunate-Amodiaquine (AS-AQ) on schistosomiasis when administered to treat malaria in rural area of Lemfu, DRC. Methodology. A prospective longitudinal study including 171 coinfected children screened for anaemia, Schistosoma mansoni, and Plasmodium falciparum infections. The egg reduction rate and haemoglobin concentration were assessed four weeks after the treatment with AS-AQ, of all coinfected children of this series. Results. One hundred and twenty-five (74.4%) out of 168 coinfected children treated and present during the assessment were found stool negative for S. mansoni eggs. Out of 43 (25.6%) children who remained positives, 37 (22%) showed a partial reduction of eggs amount, and no reduction was noted in 3.6% of coinfected. The mean of haemoglobin concentration and the prevalence of anaemia were, respectively, 10.74±1.5g/dl , 11.2±1.3g/dl, and 64.8%, 51.8%, respectively, before and after treatment, p<0.001. Conclusion. The AS-AQ commonly used against Plasmodium allowed curing S. mansoni in coinfected children and increasing the Hb level. For the future, the randomized and multicentric clinical trials are needed for a better understanding of the effectiveness of AS-AQ against Schistosoma spp. The trial registration number was 3487183.

scholarly journals Protein intake and transitions between frailty states and to death in very old adults: the Newcastle 85+ study

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Mendonça ◽  
Andrew Kingston ◽  
Antoneta Granic ◽  
Carol Jagger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
State Models ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Objectives To examine the association of protein intake with frailty progression in very old adults. Design The Newcastle 85+ study, a prospective longitudinal study of people aged 85 years old in Northeast England and followed over 5 years. Setting and Participants 668 community-dwelling older adults (59% women) at baseline, with complete dietary assessment and Fried frailty status (FFS). Measures Dietary intake was estimated with 2 × 24-h multiple pass recalls at baseline. FFS was based on five criteria: shrinking, physical endurance/energy, low physical activity, weakness and slow walking speed and was available at baseline and 1.5, 3 and 5 years. The contribution of protein intake (g/kg adjusted body weight/day [g/kg aBW/d]) to transitions to and from FFS (robust, pre-frail and frail) and to death over 5 years was examined by multi-state models. Results Increase in one unit of protein intake (g/kg aBW/d) decreased the likelihood of transitioning from pre-frail to frail after adjusting for age, sex, education and multimorbidity (hazard ratios [HR]: 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25–0.77) but not for the other transitions. Reductions in incident frailty were equally present in individuals with protein intake ≥0.8 (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43–0.84) and ≥1 g/kg aBW/d (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44–0.90) from 85 to 90 years. This relationship was attenuated after adjustment for energy intake, but the direction of the association remained the same (e.g. g/kg aBW/d model: HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.36–1.41). Conclusion High protein intake, partly mediated by energy intake, may delay incident frailty in very old adults. Frailty prevention strategies in this age group should consider adequate provision of protein and energy.

Factors Predicating Loss to Follow-Up With Rescreening in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Zeitlin ◽  
Charles Auerbach ◽  
Susan Mason ◽  
Lynn Spivak ◽  
Andrew Erdman
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

Most infants born in the United States are screened for hearing loss prior to hospital discharge in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs; however, many infants who do not pass their screening do not return for recommended rescreening and are considered lost to follow-up (LTF). This research addresses this by examining factors related to LTF at the point of rescreening. A prospective longitudinal study tracked 166 families whose newborns were referred for additional testing upon hospital discharge. Analysis identified two factors related to being LTF: parents’ perceptions of hearing loss as having the potential to impact their child’s future and maternal depression; however, social support moderated the impact of maternal depression. Specific implications for working with families is discussed.

A two-group study to evaluate the impact of an educational handbook in the care of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC).

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (26_suppl) ◽  
pp. 228-228
Author(s):  
Jessica Ruth Bauman ◽  
Areej El-Jawahri ◽  
Karen Quinn ◽  
Lisa Arcikowski ◽  
Gina Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Illness Perception Questionnaire ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

228 Background: Patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy for HNC have a significant symptom burden, psychological distress, and educational needs. We evaluated the impact of an educational handbook integrated into oncology care on patient outcomes. Methods: We conducted a two group, prospective, longitudinal study. Patients enrolled in group 1 received standard care as a control. Then, patients in group 2 received the intervention of a specialized handbook integrated into weekly visits with oncology clinicians during treatment. To assess preliminary efficacy, we evaluated satisfaction (Information Satisfaction Questionnaire-ISQ), mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-HADS), illness perception (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire-IPQ), and quality of life (QOL) (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Head and Neck-MDASI-HN) at baseline and week 3. We compared outcomes using two sample t-tests and measured effect size using Cohen’s D. Results: From 8/2014-5/2015 we enrolled and followed 30 patients in group 1. From 5/2015-12/2015, we enrolled and followed 30 patients in group 2. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. There were more missing data from group 2. There were high levels of satisfaction in both groups. 20/23 (87%) reported they would ‘definitely’ recommend the handbook to others. Changes in outcomes are shown in Table 1. Compared to group 1, group 2 reported a less threatening view of illness, lower better symptom burden, and less anxiety, but these were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The specialized handbook for patients with HNC was well received. The sample size was too small to detect differences in mood, QOL, illness perception, or satisfaction. Further development in a larger cohort is warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT02204631. [Table: see text]

Accelerated sarcopenia and outcomes in older adults with cancer: The Health ABC Study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11526-11526
Author(s):  
Grant Richard Williams ◽  
Yanjun Chen ◽  
Kelly Kenzik ◽  
Andrew Michael McDonald ◽  
Shlomit S. Shachar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Time Varying Covariates

11526 Background: Progressive loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia) is a well-known phenomenon of aging; however, little is known about the contribution of a cancer diagnosis to sarcopenia and its subsequent impact on disability. Using a prospective cohort of older adults from pre- to post-cancer diagnosis and a similarly-followed non-cancer cohort, we examined the trajectory of sarcopenia measures and their association with overall survival (OS) and major disability among those with cancer. Methods: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study is a prospective longitudinal study where 3,075 community-dwelling older adults (70-79y) underwent 6 annual assessments of body composition and were followed for development of sentinel events (cancer, disability, death). Appendicular lean mass (ALM [kg]) was a sum of DXA-based lean tissue of all extremities. Hand grip strength (HGS [kg]) was averaged from 2 trials per hand. Gait speed (GS) was evaluated over a 20m course. We used linear mixed effect models to compare the change in ALM, HGS, and GS between individuals who subsequently developed cancer and those who did not, adjusting for age, race, gender, enrollment site. Among patients with cancer, we used multivariable cox regression for time from cancer diagnosis to mortality and major disability (cane/walker, inability to walk 0.25 mile/climb 10 steps, assistance with activities of daily living) treating sarcopenia measures as time-varying covariates. Results: Mean age at enrollment was 75y; 52% female; 42% black; 515 new cancers (prostate: 23%, colorectal: 15%, lung: 13%, breast: 11%). Compared with non-cancer controls, we found significantly steeper declines in HGS ( p= 0.03) and GS ( p< 0.001), and a trend in ALM ( p= 0.07) prior to cancer diagnosis; and a significantly steeper decline in ALM ( p< 0.001), but no difference in HGS ( p= 0.6) or GS ( p= 0.4) after cancer diagnosis. Slow GS was associated with a 44% increase in mortality ( p= 0.02) and a 70% increase in disability ( p= 0.02), but not ALM or HGS. Conclusions: Accelerated loss in sarcopenia measures both prior to and after a cancer diagnosis, and association with disability and mortality in older adults with cancer, present opportunities for targeted interventions.

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