scholarly journals Outcome of Electrosurgery Versus Scalpel Blade for Intestinal Incisions in Dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Tzimtzimis
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Colonic Surgery ◽  
Intestinal Surgery ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Monopolar Electrosurgery ◽  
Scalpel Blade ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Significant Mortality

<strong>PICO question</strong><br /><p>In dogs that undergo intestinal surgery, does the use of monopolar electrosurgery for intestinal incisions increase the risk of dehiscence when compared to a scalpel blade?</p><strong>Clinical bottom line</strong><br /><p>Currently there are two experimental in vivo studies comparing electrosurgery with scalpel blade intestinal incisions in dogs, one in cats and one in pigs. In dogs and cats, there is data regarding incisions on the large intestine but not the small intestine.</p><p>Colotomy and colectomy performed with monopolar electrosurgery has resulted in significant mortality (up to 60%) during the short-term postoperative period in dogs. Although the studies reviewed have several limitations, the outcome using scalpel blades was significantly better, therefore colonic surgery using electrosurgery is contraindicated. It is likely that small intestinal surgery has the same contraindication but more definite conclusions cannot be made until higher quality evidence is available.</p><br /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" /> <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/pr-icon.jpg" alt="Peer Reviewed" />

Evaluation of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaves activity against experimental trichinellosis: in vitro and in vivo studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. El-Wakil ◽  
H.F. Abdelmaksoud ◽  
T.S. AbouShousha ◽  
M.M.I. Ghallab
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Group I ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Our work aimed to evaluate the possible effect of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaf extract on Trichinella spiralis in in vitro and in vivo studies. Trichinella spiralis worms were isolated from infected mice and transferred to three culture media – group I (with no drugs), group II (contained Graviola) and group III (contained albendazole) – then they were examined using the electron microscope. In the in vivo study, mice were divided into five groups: GI (infected untreated), GII (prophylactically treated with Graviola for seven days before infection), GIII (infected and treated with Graviola), GIV (infected and treated with albendazole) and GV (infected and treated with a combination of Graviola plus albendazole in half doses). Drug effects were assessed by adults and larvae load beside the histopathological small intestinal and muscular changes. A significant reduction of adult and larval counts occurred in treated groups in comparison to the control group. Histopathologically, marked improvement in the small intestinal and muscular changes was observed in treated groups. Also, massive destruction of the cultured adults’ cuticle was detected in both drugs. This study revealed that Graviola leaves have potential activity against trichinellosis, especially in combination with albendazole, and could serve as an adjuvant to anti-trichinellosis drug therapy.

Self-Expandable Thin Film Nitinol Endografts for Vascular Repair: Manufacturing and Short-Term Results in Swine

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjae Chun ◽  
Daniel S. Levi ◽  
K. P. Mohanchandra ◽  
Gregory P. Carman
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Sputter Deposition ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Vascular Repair ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Mems Technology

A thin film nitinol covered endograft for vessel treatment was manufactured and in vivo swine testing was performed. Thin film nitinol graft material was fabricated by DC sputter deposition and stress-strain behavior and DSC characteristics were investigated. Micro size patterns were fabricated by MEMS technology in order to promote endothelial layer growth. In-vivo studies in swine were conducted to evaluate deployment, placement and patency of the implanted stent device.

Use of a Maggot Motility Index to Evaluate Survival of Therapeutic Larvae

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Rosales ◽  
Jefferey R. Vazquez ◽  
Brian Short ◽  
Heather R. Kimbriel ◽  
Matthew J. Claxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Motility Index ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Surrogate Method

Maggot debridement therapy is rapidly increasing in popularity at major diabetic foot and wound care centers worldwide. However, we are unaware of specific guidelines on the short-term storage of larvae. We sought to evaluate differences in maggot motility over time in larvae refrigerated versus those stored at room temperature. We also introduce a simple surrogate method for evaluating maggot vitality that may be useful for in vivo studies if validated in future works. We randomly selected ten larvae from the same shipment at ten different times in 9 days. Larvae were placed on a translucent acetate grid, and their total excursion in 30 sec was measured. This was converted into a Maggot Motility Index. In the refrigerated group, the index remained at or above 40 mm/min for approximately 60 hours from baseline, when there was a significant decrease. This same phenomenon occurred during the first 12 hours in the nonrefrigerated group. There were significant differences in motility between refrigerated and nonrefrigerated larvae immediately after baseline until day 8. Larvae are more practical for repeated clinical use if kept refrigerated between applications. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(4): 353–355, 2004)

Deep brain stimulation facilitates memory in a model of Alzheimer’s disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Arrieta-Cruz ◽  
Constantine Pavlides ◽  
Giulio Pasinetti
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Secretase Activity ◽  
Tgcrnd8 Mice ◽  
Deep Brain

AbstractBased on evidence suggesting that deep brain stimulation (DBS) may promote certain cognitive processes, we have been interested in developing DBS as a means of mitigating memory and learning impairments in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study we used an animal model of AD (TgCRND8 mice) to determine the effects of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) on non-amyloidogenic α-secretase activity and DBS in short-term memory. We tested our hypothesis using hippocampal slices (in vitro studies) from TgCRND8 mice to evaluate whether HFS increases α-secretase activity (non-amyloidogenic pathway) in the CA1 region. In a second set of experiments, we performed in vivo studies to evaluate whether DBS in midline thalamic region re-establishes hippocampal dependent short-term memory in TgCRND8 mice. The results showed that application of HFS to isolated hippocampal slices significantly increased synaptic plasticity in the CA1 region and promoted a 2-fold increase of non-amyloidogenic α-secretase activity, in comparison to low frequency stimulated controls from TgCRND8 mice. In the in vivo studies, DBS treatment facilitated acquisition memory in TgCRND8 mice, in comparison to their own baseline before treatment. These results provide evidence that DBS could enhance short-term memory in a mouse model of AD by increasing synaptic transmission and α-secretase activity in the CA1 region of hippocampus.

scholarly journals Small Intestinal Glucose Transport

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1173-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan K. Rider ◽  
Harold P. Schedl ◽  
George Nokes ◽  
Streeter Shining
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Rate Limiting

Proximal and distal small intestinal segments of the rat were perfused in situ at two different rates with isotonic solutions containing glucose in concentrations ranging from 25 to 600 mg/100 ml. Absorption was measured as glucose disappearance rate from the lumen. Glucose absorption had not previously been studied at intraluminal concentrations above and below blood glucose. Absorption was more rapid from the proximal segment. In both segments absorption was independent of perfusion rate and of whether glucose was analyzed by counting 14C or by the Somogyi method. The latter finding suggests that of the unidirectional fluxes, flux out of the bowel is much greater than flux into the bowel. In contrast to the findings in previous studies neither segment showed rate-limiting kinetics, and the Michaelis-Menten analysis was not applicable. The form of the curve depicting absorption rate in relation to concentration differed between the two segments. At the higher concentrations absorption rate continued to increase much more rapidly in the proximal than in the distal segment. The observations could not be explained by known mechanisms of glucose transport and illustrate the difficulties of achieving biochemically and physiologically meaningful in vivo studies of intestinal absorption.

Antiandrogenic effects in short-term in vivo studies of the fungicide fenarimol

Toxicology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Vinggaard ◽  
Helene Jacobsen ◽  
Stine Broeng Metzdorff ◽  
Helle Raun Andersen ◽  
Christine Nellemann
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Short Term

Calcium phosphate sol–gel-derived thin films on porous-surfaced implants for enhanced osteoconductivity. Part II: Short-term in vivo studies

Biomaterials ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5313-5321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Gan ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Alex Tache ◽  
Nancy Valiquette ◽  
Douglas Deporter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Short Term
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