scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Strength Exercise Program Applied on Unstable Grounds on Limb Symmetry Index After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery of Female Athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşenur KURT ◽  
Atakan ÇAĞLAYAN ◽  
Mustafa EROL ◽  
İ̇brahim ERDEMİR
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Strength Exercise ◽  
Symmetry Index ◽  
Limb Symmetry Index ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery

scholarly journals Hop Testing Provides a Reliable and Valid Outcome Measure During Rehabilitation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Reid ◽  
Trevor B Birmingham ◽  
Paul W Stratford ◽  
Greg K Alcock ◽  
J Robert Giffin
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Symmetry Index ◽  
Limb Symmetry Index ◽  
Hop Tests ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background and Purpose Although various hop tests have been proposed as performance-based outcome measures following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, limited reports of their measurement properties exist. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and longitudinal validity of data obtained from hop tests during rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction. Subjects Forty-two patients, 15 to 45 years of age, who had undergone ACL reconstruction participated in the study. Methods and Measures The study design was prospective and observational with repeated measures. The subjects performed a series of 4 hop tests on 3 separate occasions within the 16th week following surgery and on a fourth occasion 6 weeks later. The tests were a single hop for distance, a 6-m timed hop, a triple hop for distance, and crossover hops for distance. Performance on the ACL-reconstructed limb was expressed as a percentage of the performance on the nonoperative limb, termed the “limb symmetry index.” Subjects also completed the Lower Extremity Functional Scale and a global rating of change questionnaire. Results Intraclass correlation coefficients for limb symmetry index values ranged from .82 to .93. Standard errors of measurement were 3.04% to 5.59%. Minimal detectable changes, at the 90% confidence level, were 7.05% to 12.96%. Changes in hop test scores on the operative limb were statistically greater than changes on the nonoperative limb. Pearson correlations (r) between change in hop performances and self-reported measures ranged from .26 to .58. Discussion and Conclusion The results show that the described series of hop tests provide a reliable and valid performance-based outcome measure for patients undergoing rehabilitation following ACL reconstruction. These findings support the use and facilitate the interpretation of hop tests for research and clinical practice.

scholarly journals Return to Level I Sports After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Evaluation of Age, Sex, and Readiness to Return Criteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596711878804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E. Webster ◽  
Julian A. Feller
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Symmetry Index ◽  
Limb Symmetry Index ◽  
Level I ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Satisfactory Recovery

Background: Return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a topic of current interest. The high reinjury rates reported in younger athletes may be due in part to an early RTS. Purpose: To determine the proportion of athletes who return to level I (jumping, hard pivoting, and cutting) sport at less than 1 year after ACL reconstruction and compare return rates by age and sex. A secondary purpose was to examine whether RTS is associated with some commonly used outcome criteria. Methods: A cohort of 1440 athletes (992 males, 448 females) satisfied criteria for inclusion in this study (primary ACL reconstruction, normal contralateral knee, no additional surgery within the first year after the reconstruction, and participation in level I sport on a weekly basis prior to injury). The proportion of athletes in this sample who had resumed level I sport by 12 months after surgery was recorded, along with measurements of knee function (single-legged hop symmetry), laxity (KT-1000 arthrometer), and self-reported outcomes (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] subjective score). Limb symmetry index scores of 90 or higher, side-to-side difference in anterior knee laxity of 2 mm or less, and IKDC scores of 95 or higher were considered indicators of satisfactory recovery from surgery. Results: Rates of return to level I sport were significantly higher for athletes aged 25 years and younger (48% return rate) compared with older athletes (26-35 years, 32% return rate [ P < .0001]; ≥36 years, 19% return rate [ P < .001]). Male athletes who were in the ≤25-year and 26- to 35-year age brackets had significantly higher return rates than female athletes (52% vs 39% and 37% vs 18%, respectively), whereas no sex-based differences in RTS were seen after 36 years of age. A significantly higher proportion of younger patients met the selected indicators of a satisfactory recovery. Regardless of age, athletes had twice the odds of RTS if they had limb symmetry index scores of 90 or higher ( P ≤ .0001) and 3 times the odds of RTS if they had IKDC scores of 95 or higher ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Almost half of younger athletes (aged ≤25 years) in the current cohort returned to level I sports within 12 months after ACL reconstruction. Younger athletes were also more likely to meet criteria that indicate a satisfactory functional recovery and that have been used to indicate readiness to RTS. There may be a role for adjusting thresholds for these criteria based on age.

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