Influence of Peg-induced Drought Stress on Antioxidant Components of Callus Tissue of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) Ecotypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Beyaz ◽  
Mustafa Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Background: Drought is one of the important abiotic stress factors that restrict plant development. Sainfoin is known to be relatively tolerant of drought. However, there are limited reports on the effects of drought stress on antioxidant components of Onobrychis species and/or ecotypes. Methods: To determine drought stress effects on antioxidant components of 4 sainfoin ecotypes (“Koçaþ”, “Malya”, “Altýnova” and “Ulaþ”), callus tissue was grown on MS medium enriched with 200 g l-1 PEG-6000. Result: Callus of the sainfoin ecotypes, cultured on a medium having 200 g l-1 PEG-6000, showed significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GR (except in “Ulaþ” ecotype) and APX). However, the PEG induced increase in the accumulation of MDA and proline in callus tissue of all sainfoin ecotypes. The findings of the present study show that in terms of the increasing rate of antioxidant components under drought stress, the “Koçaþ” ecotype seemed to be the best.

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of wheat tolerance to drought

Genetika ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislava Galovic ◽  
Zorana Kotaranin ◽  
Srbislav Dencic
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Analyzed in this paper were the in vitro effects of drought stress in 13 genotypes of winter wheat, one genotype of spring wheat, and three Triticale genotypes of different geographic origin. Callus tissue was induced from immature zygotic embryos (10-15 days after pollination) on a modified MS nutrient medium. After two weeks, callus tissue was transplanted onto the same medium enriched with 5% high-molecular polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), which was used as the stress agent to produce the effect of drought chemically. A control group of calluses was grown on an identical medium but without PEG. After four weeks of growing calluses on these mediums, we assessed callus mass survival ability of the genotypes before the transplantation as well as percentage reduction of callus fresh weight after the transplantation onto the nutrient medium with 5% PEG. Statistically significant differences were found among the genotypes in their response to the induced stress. The best survival ability before the transplantation was found in the genotype Mexicol20 (83%), while the lowest was recorded in Slavija (11.3%). Culture growing under stress conditions significantly reduced callus fresh weight in all of the genotypes. The lowest decrease of the callus mass relative to control was recorded in Rozofskaja (14.4%) and the highest in Miranovska (58.4%), indicating the genotypes' tolerance levels towards drought stress.

Effects of exogenous abscisic acid on foliar anthocyanin accumulation and drought tolerance in purple rice

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinyaphorn Ploenlap ◽  
Wattana Pattanagul
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

AbstractThe effects of drought and exogenous ABA on foliar anthocyanin accumulation and its role in drought tolerance were studied in two purple rice cultivars GS. No. 00621 and GS. No. 21427. The seedlings were grown for 14 days and separated into four groups including control (well-watered), drought (withholding water), ABA (foliar sprayed with 20 mg L−1 ABA and well-watered), ABA and drought (foliar sprayed with 20 mg L−1 ABA and withholding water). Drought was imposed by withholding water for 7 days. The results showed that drought significantly reduced root and shoot growth in GS. No. 00621, while had little effect on GS. No. 21427. Drought stress also induced anthocyanin overaccumulation in GS. No. 21427, whereas its content was reduced in GS. No. 00621. Exogenous ABA had no effect on anthocyanin in both wellwatered and drought conditions in both cultivars. Higher anthocyanin in GS. No. 21427 was coincided with higher DPPH scavenging ability, antioxidant enzyme activities as well as higher relative water content. It is, therefore, concluded that drought-induced anthocyanin overaccumulation may be different between purple rice cultivars and anthocyanin is beneficial for the response to drought stress by protecting plant antioxidant mechanism. Unlike anthocyanin in plant reproductive organs, exogenous ABA has no effect on foliar anthocyanin accumulation in purple rice. It is possible that anthocyanin accumulation in leaf and reproductive organs may be regulated differently or triggered by different mechanisms.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF CALLUS GROWTH AND LYCOPENE PIGMENT PRODUCTION FROM TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) UNDER DROUGHT STRESS

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Talib Khashan Kareem ◽  
Abbas Tikki Karrar
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

This experiment was conducted in faculty of Science labs, Kufa University, carried out during 2015 to applied methods for extraction, purification and Quantitative of Lycopene red pigments, from callus tissue and tomato fruits mother plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).This study include of three parts, Firstly; Tomato seeds(Supper queen) hybrid were germinated in free MS medium and callus induction from shoot tip (3cmpieces) by using MS medium supplemented with Dichlorophenoxiactic acid (2,4-D) at different concentration (0.5,1, 1.5mg/l)with benzyl adenine (BA) at concentration of (0.3 mg/l). Secondly; identically callus fresh weight re-cultured in the same MS medium supplemented with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as selective agent at level of (5,10,15 and 25%). Thirdly; comparisons study were made between in vitro and in vivo grown plant. Powder of control lycopene used as standard solution. The content of lycopene was done by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and compare of the quantitatively of lycopene with these content in fruits of mother plant, and callus tissue. Also, include alcohol extraction of Lycopene from tomato fruit by using acetone and hexane mixture. The result showed significant increased (P< 0.05) of lycopene production and the superiority of lycopene content in callus than the content in fruits of mother plant. Antioxidant enzymes activity like Catalase (CAT),Guaiacol peroxidise (POX) and Superoxide dismutase(SOD) were high in callus under drought stress than in fruit of mother plant. However, Proline and total sugar content were at higher levels in callus under drought stress than in fruit of mother plant.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ABIOTIC STRESS FACTORS ON THE HYDRATION OF PLANT TISSUES OF SEDUM HYBRIDUM L. (AIZOPSIS HYBRIDA (L.) GRULICH)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Terletskaya ◽  
T.N. Kobylina ◽  
Zh.A. Kenzhebayeva
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Adaptive Effect

Genus Sedum (family Crassulaceae) - succulents adapted to lack of moisture. Morphophysiological reactions of immature Sedum hybridum L. (Aizopsis hybrida (L.) Grulich) plants to stressful conditions of water scarcity, salinization and low positive temperatures are described. The high resistance of plants to the studied stress effects is shown. The tendency of the dynamics of the highest moisture loss by plants of the control group and the lowest by plants cultivated at PEG–6000 at a concentration of 200 mmol/l was noted, which indicates the adaptive effect of this level of osmotic stress on Sedum hybridum plants. To obtain a completely dry Sedum hybridum mass for various physiological experiments, it is necessary to maintain the plant material at a temperature of 105⸰ C, with at least 40 hours.

scholarly journals Exploring the Potential of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide (NOSH)-Releasing Synthetic Compounds as Novel Priming Agents against Drought Stress in Medicago sativa Plants

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrystalla Antoniou ◽  
Rafaella Xenofontos ◽  
Giannis Chatzimichail ◽  
Anastasis Christou ◽  
Khosrow Kashfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Pre Treatment

Land plants are continuously exposed to multiple abiotic stress factors like drought, heat, and salinity. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are two well-examined signaling molecules that act as priming agents, regulating the response of plants to stressful conditions. Several chemical donors exist that provide plants with NO and H2S separately. NOSH is a remarkable novel donor as it can donate NO and H2S simultaneously to plants, while NOSH-aspirin additionally provides the pharmaceutical molecule acetylsalicylic acid. The current study aimed to investigate the potential synergistic effect of these molecules in drought-stressed Medicago sativa L. plants by following a pharmacological approach. Plants were initially pre-treated with both donors (NOSH and NOSH-aspirin) via foliar spraying, and were then subsequently exposed to a moderate water deficit while NO and H2S inhibitors (cPTIO and HA, respectively) were also employed. Phenotypic and physiological data showed that pre-treatment with NOSH synthetic compounds induced acclimation to subsequent drought stress and improved the recovery following rewatering. This was accompanied by modified reactive-oxygen and nitrogen-species signaling and metabolism, as well as attenuation of cellular damage, as evidenced by altered lipid peroxidation and proline accumulation levels. Furthermore, real-time RT-qPCR analysis revealed the differential regulation of multiple defense-related transcripts, including antioxidant enzymes. Overall, the present study proposed a novel role for NOSH compounds as efficient plant priming agents against environmental constraints through the coordinated regulation of multiple defense components, thus opening new horizons in the field of chemical priming research toward the use of target-selected compounds for stress tolerance enhancement.

Seed Germination and Physiological Characteristics of Amaranthus mangostanus L. under Drought Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1071-1074
Author(s):  
Yong Dong Sun ◽  
Xiao Hua Du ◽  
Wen Jie Zhang ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Ran Li
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Effects of drought stress on the seed germination and physiological characteristics of amaranth were investigated. The results were as follows: the germination rate and germination potential of amaranth decreased with the increasing of PEG-6000 concentrations. Meanwhile, the root length, shoot length and peroxidase (POD) activity were significantly increased at lower PEG-6000 concentrations, but then decreased with the increasing of PEG-6000. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were all significantly increased under drought stress, and reached the top at 20% PEG-6000. These findings indicated that amaranth tolerates drought stress through increasing the activities of SOD and POD and accumulating proline content.

Manganese and zinc concentrations in maize genotypes grown on soils differing in acidity

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rastija ◽  
V. Kovacevic ◽  
D. Rastija ◽  
D. Simic
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Zn Status

Drought and soil acidity are two major abiotic stress factors limiting maize production worldwide, generating imbalances in the manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) status in plants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of drought stress on the Mn and Zn status in maize genotypes grown on acid and non-acid soils and how the Mn and Zn status affects the changes in grain yield caused by drought stress and soil acidity. Seventeen genotypes were grown at two locations differing in soil acidity in Eastern Croatia in 2003 and 2004. Positive values of an aridity index indicated drought stress in 2003. The genotypes had much higher Mn and Zn concentrations on acid soil than on nonacid soil: more than twice as high in both seasons for Zn and about 6 and 9 times higher in normal and in dry seasons, respectively, for Mn. This demonstrates that drought combined with soil acidity led to the excessive accumulation of Mn in maize plants. However, variation was observed between the maize genotypes for the Mn accumulation on soils differing in acidity when drought occurred. Some genotypes accumulated Mn on acid soil irrespective of drought. The Mn and Zn status had no discernible effect on the changes in grain yield caused by drought stress and/or soil acidity.

scholarly journals Early seedling growth affected by CuSO4 and its combination with PEG 6000 in maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
Mamta Hirve ◽  
Meeta Jain
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Maize Seeds

Several abiotic stress factors are faced by the plants in nature, including metal exposure and water deficit condition. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of copper and its combination with water deficit, on growth and anatomical characteristics of Zea mays L. (maize) cv. Ganga safed-2 seedlings. Seeds were treated with CuSO4 (0-1000µM) for inducing Cu stress, PEG 6000 (0-10%) for inducing water deficit stress and their combination for combined stress for 5 days. Germination %, growth parameters, % phytotoxicity, and root anatomical characteristics were analyzed. Treatment of maize seeds with 0-1000µM CuSO4 significantly reduced almost all the growth parameters, except germination %. Root growth was inhibited significantly at 100µM and higher concentrations of CuSO4, however, for shoot growth, ?300µM are inhibitory. Germination percentage was not affected by the supplementation of Cu, indicating the tolerant nature of Ganga safed-2 maize genotype at germination stage. Treatment with Cu (?300µM) and PEG 6000 (10%), decreased the growth of maize seedlings with prominent effect on root by Cu and on the shoot by 10% PEG. Anatomical modifications in root were noticed with both the stresses, individually and in combination.

scholarly journals A Recirculating Hydroponic System for Micronutrient Studies on Rapid Cycling Brassica and Its Experimental Evaluation

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 673a-673
Author(s):  
Norman K. Lownds ◽  
Larry S. Kennedy ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Rapid Cycling ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
B Uptake

Rapid cycling brassica (RCB) plants, because of their short life cycle and ease of growth under laboratory conditions, offer a valuable tool for studying Brassica nutrition. We have been particularly interested in B nutrition in Brassica and, therefore, a hydroponic system was developed to accurately deliver micronutrient concentrations to RCB plants. RCB plants were supported in predrilled holes in the lids of brown 1-L plastic containers. Nutrients were supplied by spraying a modified Hoagland's solution onto the plant roots as they developed inside the containers. This system provided adequate solution aeration for plant growth and allowed analysis of both plant shoots and roots. RCB seeds were pregerminated for radicle emergence, then placed in the holes in the plastic container lids. The effect of B nutrient concentration on B uptake was examined using nutrient solutions containing 0.08, 0.02 and 0.00 ppm added B. Leaf B contents were 139.5, 26.1, and 7.1 g·g–1 for plants grown in 0.08, 0.02 and 0.00 ppm added B, respectively. Effects of drought stress on B uptake and distribution were studied by adjusting nutrient solution osmotic potential using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000. PEG-induced drought, (osmotic potential –0.1 MPa) reduced leaf and root B content ≈50% compared to plants grown in nutrient solution only (–0.05 MPa). Boron content in the shoots and pods, however, was not affected by PEG-induced drought stress. These results suggest that this system provides a reliable tool for studying nutrition and drought stress effects using RCB plants.

scholarly journals Physiological and Gene-Expression Variations in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) Cultivars Exposed to Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Emre Erez ◽  
Behçet İnal ◽  
Muhemet Zeki Karipçin ◽  
Serdar Altıntaş
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Gene Location ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Drought conditions may have direct or indirect effects on plant physiology, biochemistry, and molecular characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of drought stress on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of three different watermelon cultivars with varying levels of drought tolerance (24: drought resistant, CS: moderately tolerant, and 98: drought sensitive). The cultivars exhibited different responses to cope with water stress according to their tolerance level. Drought induced significant reductions in chlorophyll <em>a</em>, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content and glutation reductase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in the sensitive cultivar unlike in the moderately tolerant and drought resistant cultivars. Additionally, the expression levels of <em>NAC1</em>, <em>NAC2</em>, <em>ORE1</em>, <em>WRKY24</em>, <em>SAG12</em>, <em>SAG13</em>, <em>KCS2</em>, <em>CER1</em>, <em>DREB2A</em>, <em>LTP3</em>, <em>SWEET15</em>, and <em>PYL9</em> genes were measured using qRT-PCR. The expression ratios of the genes significantly varied depending on the gene location and on the tolerance of the cultivars. Results showed that the physiology and biochemical and molecular pathways of tolerant cultivars change to adapt to drought conditions. Therefore, the drought-resistant cultivar copes with drought stress by increasing proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as by increasing the expression of specific genes.

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