Management of Root Rot of Fenugreek Caused by Rhizoctonia solani using Plant Extracts and Bio-agents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar Lal Yadav ◽  
R.P. Ghasolia
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Clove Extract

Background: Root rot of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) caused by Rhizoctonia solani is an important constraint to the crop and causes significant economic losses in Rajasthan as well as India and fungicides are the major tool to overcome the disease incidence. As per environment and health issues and demand of organically produced fenugreek green leaves and seeds, it is a major concerned to control it by eco-friendly approaches. The current study aimed to find the most effective control measure of this dreaded disease through eco-friendly approaches.Methods: The present field-laboratory investigations were conducted during 2016-17 and 2017-18, to evaluate six plant extracts in vitro and in vivo, namely neem (Azadirachta indica), Alstonia (Alstonia scholaris), garlic (Allium sativum), datura (Datura stramonium), tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum), aak (Calotropis gigantea) and four bio-agents (Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens) in vivo through seed treatment alone and/or in combination for two consecutive years. Result: Our investigations in vitro with botanicals cleared that garlic clove extract was highly antimycotic to the pathogen (79.52%) followed by aak (62.48%) and neem extract (53.37%). Under field conditions, seed soaking with garlic clove extract (@10%) for 30 minutes was observed the most effective in reducing disease incidence (62.02%) and in increasing seed yield (65.35%) followed by aak (56.56% and 59.82%, respectively). In bio-agents, Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens (@ 3+3 g/kg seeds) was found superior in reducing disease incidence (66.81%) and in increasing seed yield (73.06%) and the next best was T. viride + P. fluorescens. The findings of this study can be utilized to manage the disease effectively and eco-friendly and also to obtain organic produce of the fenugreek.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Some Plant Extracts Against Rhizoctonia Solani on Pea

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Al-Askar ◽  
Younes Rashad
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Clove Extract

Efficacy of Some Plant Extracts AgainstRhizoctonia Solanion PeaAntifungal activity of ethanol-water extracts of four medicinal plants, cinnamon (Cinnamomum verumPresl.), anise (Pimpinella anisumL.), black seed (Nigella sativaL.) and clove (Syzygium aromaticumL. Merr. & Perry.) was investigated against pea (Pisum sativumL.) root-rot fungusRhizoctonia solani. In vitroantifungal activity test shown a high growth inhibition at concentration (4%) of each plant extract. The highest antifungal activity was recorded for clove extract which causes complete growth inhibition at concentration of 1%. Efficacy of clove extract on disease incidence ofRhizoctoniaroot-rot of pea was investigated in the greenhouse pot experiment. Clove extract at concentration 4% as well as the chemical fungicide recorded highly significant increase in the percentage of survived plants (40 and 48%, respectively) and highly significant decrease in disease incidence.

Management of Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani) of Mothbean through Bio-Agents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Godara ◽  
Narendra . Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Application

Root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is an important disease of mothbean, under severe infestation it causes 58-68 % losses in grain yield. Three-year field experiments were conducted in hot arid conditions at Bikaner, Rajasthan during kharif seasons with the objective to find out suitable eco-friendly management strategies for root rot. The experiment was conducted on cv. RMO-225 with six different combination of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens bio- agents viz, seed treatment, soil treatment and their combinations against the root rot disease and compared with an untreated control. Results of experiment showed that all the treatments brought significant decline in disease incidence and consequently enhancement of grain yield compared to control. The treatment having combination of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens seed treatment (4+4 g/kg seed) + soil application of T. harzianum + P. fluorescens (1.25 +1.25 kg in 50 kg FYM for each/ha) had minimum (21.78 %) root rot incidence, highest grain yield (10.56 q /ha) and net return (Rs. 14,338/ha). The T. harzianum seed treatment 8 g/kg seed + soil application of T. harzianum 2.5kg in 100 kg FYM/ha was the next best treatment with 25.56 per cent disease incidence and 9.42 q/ha of grain yield. These treatments can provide an effective, economical and eco- friendly management of root rot of mothbean for cultivators.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Extracts of Some Plants against Post Harvest Fungal Deterioration of Cassava Root (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. C. Amadioha ◽  
Kenkwo Promise Chidi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Fungal Deterioration

Fungitoxic potentials of Piper guineense, Ocimum graticimum, Casia alata, and Tagetes erecta extracts in the management of postharvest fungal deterioration of cassava root were investigated. Pathogenicity tests revealed Aspergillus niger, and Trichodderma viride as causal organisms of root rot of cassava which utilized the substrate for their growth and development. A. niger was found to be more virulent having the highest rot incidence of 75% followed by T. viride which depicted a lower pathogenic effect with rot incidence of 33.3%. The result of the inhibitory potentials of the water and ethanolic extracts of P. guineense, O. graticimum, C. alata, and T. erecta against the two fungal pathogens showed significant differences (p≤0.5) in their rates of fungitoxicity on A. niger, and T. viride. The ethanolic extract of T. erecta gave the highest mean inhibitory effect of 63.8% on A. niger while the least mean growth inhibition of 9.20% was recorded by water extract of P. guineense on T. viride. The results of in vivo test of the plant extracts applied before and after inoculation with spore suspension of test fungi indicated high significant effect on the rot incidence and severity. Piper guineense water extract was less effective in controlling the development and spread of the pathogens during pathogenesis hence the highest percentage disease incidence and severity when it was applied after the inoculation with spore suspension of A. niger. The lowest incidence of rot was recorded with water and ethanol extracts of T. erecta applied before inoculation of T. viride. A. niger showed a stronger resistance to the plant extracts than T. viride in the control of cassava root rot in storage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of plant extracts, fungicides, bio-agent and soil amendments against foot and root rot disease of betelvine caused by Sclerotium rolfsii under field condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-677
Author(s):  
MH Rahman ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
FM Aminuzzaman ◽  
A Latif ◽  
S Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Clove Extract ◽  
Rot Disease

The studies were carried out on the management of foot and root rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. of betelvine (Piper betle L.) during April, 2017 to April, 2018 in a betelvine orchard (baroj) in the experimental farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. There were 10 treatments, namely Provax 200, Tilt 250 EC, Score 250 EC, Pencozeb 80 WP, Garlic clove extract, Allamanda leaf extract, Poultry waste, Vermi-compost, Trichoderma harzianum and Control. The in-vivo evatuation, plant was inoculated by S. rolfsii after six month of plantation. The evaluation revealed that the lowest disease incidence of 8.33% was found in Provax 200 whereas the highest disease incidence of 91.67 was recorded under the untreated control treatment. The maximum of 90.91% reduction in disease incidence over control was found under Provax 200, which was significantly higher compared to all other treatments. Among the treatments, Provax 200 was noted as the most effective fungicide followed by Score 250 EC. The highest yield (7.57 t/ha) at 120 days after inoculation was found in case of Provax 200 which was 330.1% increased over untreated control. Stem and soil treated with Provax 200 including spraying at 3 days after inoculation, then sprayed at 7 days’ intervals minimized disease incidence and increased yield. Among the eco-friendly approach, Garlic clove extract, Trichoderma harzianum and soil amended with Vermi-compost also showed better performance in controlling foot and root rot disease of betelvine as compared to control. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(4): 669-677, December 2019

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Mefenoxam Sensitivity of Pythium, Globisporangium, and Fusarium Isolates From Coconut Coir and Rockwool in Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora S. McGehee ◽  
Rosa E. Raudales
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Pythium Myriotylum ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Coconut Coir

Oomycetes and fungi were recovered from coconut coir and rockwool substrates where marijuana (Cannabis sativa L. cv. Silver and Citron) plants with root rot and wilt symptoms were grown in a commercial growing facility in Connecticut. The objectives of this study were to identify the isolates collected from these substrates, determine the pathogenicity of the isolates on hemp seedlings in vitro and in vivo, and evaluate the pathogens' sensitivity to mefenoxam. Pythium and Globisporangium isolates were identified by sequencing the mitochondrially-encoded cytochrome oxidase genes (COI and COII) and Fusarium sp. with the translation elongation factor (EF-1α) region and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS4 and ITS5) genes. Three isolates were identified as Globisporangium irregulare (formerly Pythium irregulare), 21 isolates were Pythium myriotylum, and one was Fusarium oxysporum. All the isolates tested were pathogenic to hemp plants in vitro and in vivo, with disease incidence between 6.7 and 100%. Inoculated plants were smaller by 32% or more compared with the non-inoculated control. On average, hemp plants infected with Pythium myriotylum produced the lowest biomass and relative greenness values. None of the Pythium and Globisporangium isolates were resistant to mefenoxam—all were sensitive to ≥5 μg·mL−1 mefenoxam. This is the first report of G. irregulare causing root rot on marijuana and hemp plants. The results of this study provide information about the characteristics of pathogens that can be found potentially in soilless substrates in controlled environment agriculture.

scholarly journals Penapisan Beberapa Isolat Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis dan Trichoderma harzianum yang bersifat Antagonistik terhadap Ralstonia solanacearum pada Tanaman Kentang

Agrikultura ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hersanti Hersanti ◽  
Rian Triyanti Rupendi ◽  
Andang Purnama ◽  
Hanudin Hanudin ◽  
Budi Marwoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum

Penyakit layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh R. solanacearum merupakan salah satu penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman kentang. Salah satu alternatif pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan adalah menggunakan mikroba antagonis seperti Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, dan Trichoderma harzianum. Tujuan penelitian adalah  untuk mendapatkan isolat mikroba antagonis terbaik yang paling menekan  penyakit layu bakteri pada tanaman kentang.  Dua percobaan pada penelitian ini menggunakan  Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Percobaan  in vitro menguji daya hambat tiga isolat  P. Fluorescens,  dua isolat B. subtilis, satu isolat B. cereus dan  3 isolat T. harzianum terhadap perkembangan koloni  R. solanacearum pada media King’s B. Percobaan  in vivo menguji kemampuan seluruh isolat terhadap penekanan serangan penyakit layu pada tanaman kentang.  Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa isolat T. harzianum 1, T. harzianum 2 dan T. harzianum 3 mampu menekan penyakit layu bakteri pada tanaman kentang dengan persentase penghambatan berturut-turut 77,21 %,  77,21 %, dan 63,57 %.

scholarly journals Biocontrol Efficacy of Different Isolates of Trichoderma against Soil Born Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAEED AHMAD ASAD ◽  
NAEEM ALI ◽  
ABDUL HAMEED ◽  
SABAZ ALI KHAN ◽  
RAFIQ AHMAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
First Time

In this study, the biocontrol abilities of water-soluble and volatile metabolites of three different isolates of Trichoderma (T. asperellum, T. harzianum and Trichoderma spp.) against soil borne plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed for the first time that mycelial growth inhibition of the pathogen was 74.4-67.8% with water-soluble metabolites as compared to 15.3-10.6% with volatile metabolites in vitro. In vivo antagonistic activity of Trichoderma isolates against R. solani was evaluated on bean plants under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. We observed that T. asperellum was more effective and consistent, lowering disease incidence up to 19.3% in laboratory and 30.5% in green house conditions. These results showed that three isolates of Trichoderma could be used as effective biocontrol agents against R. solani.

Construing the Role of Plant Extracts, Fungicides and Bio-agents in Ameliorating Fusarium Wilt Management in Chickpea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Khanna ◽  
Kushal Raj ◽  
Pankaj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Chickpea Wilt

Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the most important leguminous crop around the world. Fusarium wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is a major biotic constraint in chickpea production. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of plant extracts, fungicides and bio-agents against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris under in vitro and field conditions. Methods: Plant extracts and fungicides were evaluated using poison food technique while antagonistic activity of bio-agents was studied using dual culture technique under in vitro conditions. Field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different plant extracts, fungicides and bio-agents against Fusarium wilt at Experimental Area of Plant Pathology, CCS HAU, Hisar.Result: Among thirteen plant extracts evaluated in vitro, neem leaves extract was found to be the most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris followed by datura leaves’ and garlic cloves’ extract which were statistically at par. Out of six plant extracts tested against Fusarium wilt under field conditions, seed treatment with extracts of neem and datura leaves at 10% concentration were most effective and curtailed the wilt incidence by 39.02 and 34.14% along with 7.55 and 6.83% enhanced seed yield. Among fungicides, carbendazim 50 WP was the most toxic fungicide in restricting colony diameter of the pathogen with the least EC50 and EC90 values of 1.28 and 15.24 ppm a.i. followed by azoxystrobin 23 SC with corresponding values of 1.57 and 49.16 ppm a.i., respectively. Seed treatment with carbendazim 50 WP and azoxystrobin 23 SC were superior over other treatments and provided 88.41 and 85.98% reduction in disease incidence along with 12.85 and 10.99% higher seed yield over control. Among the bio-agents tested, T. viride and T. harzianum gave the best results in suppressing the pathogen growth in vitro and in minimizing the disease incidence coupled with improvement in seed yield under field conditions. The present study has provided chemical and non-chemical measures for integrated management of chickpea wilt.

scholarly journals Management of Foot and Root Rot Disease of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii under In Vivo Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nuray Alam Siddique ◽  
Abu Noman Faruq Ahmmed ◽  
Nusrat Jahan ◽  
Md Golam Hasan Mazumder ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides, plant extracts, organic manure and biocontrol-agents against foot and root rot disease of eggplant caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Five chemical fungicides, two plant extracts, organic amendment - poultry manure and biocontrol-agent Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated against the disease in field condition. Fungicides and plant extracts were sprayed at the base of each plant and adjacent soil at 40, 50 and 60 days after transplanting. Organic manure and biocontrol-agent were applied to the soil before transplanting. The lowest disease incidence (7.10 %) and no disease severity were observed in Bavistin 50 WP at 120 DAT followed by Topgan 50 WP and Ridomil Gold. Higher yield and plant growth like plant hight (88 cm), number of branch/plant (7.33) and number of leaf/branch (25.33) was also supported by Bavistin 50 WP . The highest benefit cost ratio was also calculated in Bavistin 50 WP followed by Topgan 50 WP and Ridomil Gold. Application of biocontrol-agent (T. harzianum) also showed promising effect against foot and root rot disease.The Agriculturists 2018; 16(1) 78-86

Management of Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani) of Fenugreek through Newer Combined Formulations of Fungicides

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar Lal Yadav ◽  
R. P. Ghasolia ◽  
Jitendra Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Background: Root rot disease of fenugreek caused by Rhizoctonia solani has become a severe menace to the growers of Rajasthan as well as India. This pathogen survives in soil, causes damping off and root rot symptoms and responsible nearly for 50 per cent disease incidence and yield losses. Methods: During 2016-17 to 2017-18 cropping seasons, this study was carried out with the aim to manage the disease by means of using six fungicides including newer formulations (hexaconazole and tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin) under in vitro and field conditions. Result: The result of in vitro study with tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin was found to be most fungitoxic and inhibited mycelial growth cent per cent at 200 and 500 ppm concentrations. Seed treatment with tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin (@ 0.2%) was found highly effective in reducing disease incidence (83.12%) and in increasing seed yield (84.71%) under field conditions. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of newer combined formulation as seed treatment before sowing provide us alternative source to manage root rot disease of fenugreek.

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