Performance of Plant Aqueous Extracts for Organic Weed Management in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanyam D. ◽  
Sai Geethika N. ◽  
Tirumala Reddy S. ◽  
Umamahesh V.
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Organic Weed Management

Different crops were raised and harvested at physiological maturity and weeds were collected at flowering stages during Kharif 2017 for preparing plant aqueous extracts at wet land farm of Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of different plant aqueous extracts and paddy straw mulch for organic weed management in a randomized block design and replicated thrice during Rabi, 2017-18 and The predominant weed species observed were Cyperus rotundus L. (45%), Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (15%), Borreria hispida (L.) K. Schum. (7%). All chemical weed management practices recorded significantly lesser weed density and dry weight than organic weed management practices. Among the organic weed management practice, application of paddy straw mulch at 5 t ha-1 recorded significantly lesser density and dry weight of weeds with higher weed control efficiency, apart from enhancing the yield components and pod yield of groundnut. Among the plant aqueous extracts, sorghum plant aqueous extract spray 15 L ha-1 at 15 and 30 DAS proved to be the best in controlling weeds and increasing pod yield. The performance of parthenium and purple nutsedge aqueous extracts each applied at 15 L ha-1 at 15 and 30 DAS were very poor in controlling weeds and promoting pod yield of groundnut. The reduction in pod yield of groundnut due to unchecked weed growth was 52.53 and 37.18% compared to pendimethalin 1kg ha-1 + HW at 30 DAS and paddy straw mulch at 5 t ha-1, respectively. Paddy straw mulch at 5 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher count of effective rhizobium nodules plant-1 and soil microorganisms viz., bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes.

Effect of stale seedbed and subsequent application of herbicides on weeds and productivity of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) fibre

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
MUKESH KUMAR ◽  
A. K. GHORAI ◽  
USSREE K. NANDY ◽  
S MITRA K. GHORAI ◽  
D. K. KUNDU
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Basal Diameter

A field experiment was conducted to find out suitable weed management practice for control of broad spectrum weeds in jute during 2015 and 2016. Seven weed management practices viz., T : 1 Farmers practices , T : Stale seed bed (SSB) + glyphosate 41% SL 1.25 kg/ha, T : SSB+glyphosate 1.75 2 3 kg/ha, T : SSB + glyphosate 1.25 kg/ha + pretilachlor 50% EC 1.0 kg/ha, T : SSB +glyphosate 4 5 1.75kg/ha + pretilachlor 1.0 kg/ha, T : SSB +glyphosate 1.25 kg/ha+butachlor 50 % EC 1.0 kg/ha and 6 T : SSB + glyphosate 1.75 kg/ha + butachlor1.0 kg/ha were tested in randomised block design (RBD) 7 with three replication. Cyperus rotundus was dominant weed species with 60-75 % of relative density in experimental field. SSB + glyphosate 1.75 kg/ha + pretilachlor 1.0 kg/ha effectively controlled density and dry weight of Cyperus rotundus, grass weeds (Echinochloa colonum and Eleusine indica), broad leaved weeds (Physalis minima, and Trianthema portulacastrum) compared to farmers' practices. SSB + glyphosate 1.75 kg/ha + pretilachlor 1.0 kg/ha also recorded the highest plant height (293 cm and 335 cm), basal diameter (2.14 and 2.19 cm) and fibre yield (34.9 and 38.9 q/ha) of jute during 2015 and 2016. This treatment also recorded the highest net income (Rs 54182 and 75687/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (1.23 and 1.46) in jute cultivation during 2015 and 2016, Therefore, SSB with glyphosate 1.75 kg/ha +pretilachlor 1.0 kg/ha may be practiced for effective weeds control specially Cyperus rotundus, higher productivity and income in jute cultivation.

scholarly journals Soil Hydrothermal Regimes, Biological Activity and Nutrient Availability under Various Mulches and Weed Management Practices in Tomato

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
T. Arun ◽  
S. Sridevi ◽  
K. Radha Rani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
The Impact

The impact of different mulching materials and weed management practices on soil properties were evaluated by a field study conducted at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar during 2015 with tomato as test crop. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments consisting of control (unweeded check), pendimethalin (PE) @1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + hand weeding at 30 DAT, black polythene mulch, reflective polythene mulch, paddy straw mulch,  paddy husk mulch, hand weeding two times (20 DAT & 40 DAT) and replicated thrice. The mean temperature was higher by 1.7°C under black polythene mulch compared to control (bare soil) and it was less by 1.8 °C under paddy straw mulch. Soil moisture content under black polythene mulch was significantly higher by 31.21%, 36.07% and 24.19% respectively at 20, 40 DAT and at harvest.  In the initial stages i.e., at 20 DAT, reflective polythene mulch (28.81%) and paddy husk mulch (24.52%) were also equally effective in maintaining soil moisture on par to that of black polythene mulch. Significantly highest dehydrogenase activity (8.62 and 6.17 μg of TPF released g-1day-1 respectively), acid phosphatase activity (121.81 and 92.15 μg of PNP released g-1hr-1 respectively) and alkaline phosphatase activity (135.19 and 106.10 μg of PNP released g-1hr-1 respectively) were recorded under paddy straw mulch at 40 days after transplanting and after harvest. Similarly, significantly highest bacterial count (7.49 log10 CFU g soil-1 and 7.34 log10 CFU g soil-1), fungal count (4.53 log10 CFU g soil-1 and 4.36 log10 CFU g soil-1) and actinomycetes count (5.42 log10 CFU g soil-1 and 5.26 log10 CFU g soil-1) at 40 DAT and after harvest respectively were high under paddy straw mulch. Availability of nitrogen and phosphorus was high under reflective polythene mulch while that of potassium under straw mulch. Weed management either through pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + hand weeding at 30 DAT or by hand weeding two times (20 DAT & 40 DAT) did not influence the soil properties significantly.

scholarly journals Effect of weed management practices on weed dynamics and yield in black gram (Phaseolus mungo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Kavita D. Rajput ◽  
J. P. Bholane ◽  
A.S. Latkar ◽  
V.M. Bhale
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Phaseolus Mungo ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field investigation was carried out during Kharif season in 2010 at Agronomy Department Farm, Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, to evaluate the effect of four herbicides (imazethapyr, pendimethalin, fenoxyprop-p-ethyl and quizalofop -p-ethyl) applied at different rates with different time of application (pre-emergence, post emergence and combination of both) and cultural practices i.e. hand weeding and hoeing on weed flora, growth and yield of black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.) .The experiment was laid out in randomized block design replicated three times with thirteen treatments in that chemical and cultural treatments were compared with weedy check and weed free control plots. The important predominant narrow leaved and broad leaved weeds observed were Cyperus rotundus, cyanodon dactylon, Poa annua, Echinochlora crusgalli, Denebra arabica, commelina benghalensis and Digera arvensis , Acalypha indica, Euphorbia geniculata, Phyllanthus niruri, Euphorbia hirta and Alysicarpus rugosus respectively. The results revealed that the application of Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha as pre - emergence application recorded lowest weed dry weight (2.01), Higher Weed control efficiency (87.42), Lowest weed index (20.46) and significantly higher yield (10.02q/ha), followed by Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence application and twice hand weeding on 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS).

scholarly journals Efficacy of Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics and Productivity of Blackgram

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Lipi Meher ◽  
Satyananda Jena ◽  
Manoranjan Satapathy ◽  
Bishnupriya Patra
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Celosia Argentea ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2018 at the Agronomy Main Research Farm, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar to study the effect of Integrated weed management in blackgram. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with a total of eight treatments replicated thrice. Important predominant grass, sedge and broad-leaved weeds found in the experimental field were Eleusine indica (12.6%), Cyperus rotundus (8.9%) and Celosia argentea (9.7%), respectively. Severe weed competition in kharif blackgram recorded a yield loss of 66.7% in this experiment. Post Emergence application of Imazethapyr @ 0.75 kg/ha at 120 Days after sowing followed by one Hand Weeding at 30 DAS recorded lowest weed density (25.33 no./m2), weed dry weight (38.98 g/m2); highest weed control efficiency (83.4%) and lowest weed index (7.0%) at harvest.

Residual Effect of Weed Management Practices Executed in Preceding Maize on Succeeding Greengram

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sandhya Rani ◽  
V. Chandrika ◽  
G. Prabhakara Reddy ◽  
P. Sudhakar ◽  
K.V. Nagamadhuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Infestation

Background: Maize followed by summer pulses is the emerging cropping system in many places in India. Herbicides are the efficient tools for checking weed infestation and their usage is increasing throughout the globe due to increased labour cost and quick weed control. Some herbicides do not degrade quickly and may remain in the soil for weeks, months or years after application and may inhibit the growth of succeeding crops. Methods: Field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) during rabi and summer seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to know the residual effect of different herbicides applied in maize on succeeding greengram. Result: The present study revealed that lower density and dry weight of total weeds and higher yield attributes and yield was recorded with the practice of adopting two hand weedings at 15 and 30 DAS, which was however, at par with atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb one HW at 30 DAS, atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 as PoE and atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE, without any significant disparity among them. Herbicides applied in maize did not alter statistically the enzyme activity and microbial count in the soil at harvest of succeeding greeengram. 

Maize MAIZE YIELD AS AFFECTED BY METHODS OF TILLAGE AND WEED MANAGEMEMNT

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Haseeb Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Maize Crop

An experiment entitled: Maize yield as affected by methods of tillage and weed control methods was conducted at Agronomy Research Farms, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having four replications. Tillage practices 1) Chisel plough + rotavator 2) Mouldboard plough + rotavator 3) Cultivator + rotavator and 4) Rotavator were assigned to main plots. Weed management practices included 1) Control, 2) Hoeing 15 days after sowing 3) Hoeing 15 and 30 days after sowing 4) Hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing, and 4) Herbicide (nicosulfuron) were kept into the subplots. The results revealed that chisel plough + rotavator has significantly reduced weeds m-2 (122, 101 and 125 weeds m-2), weeds fresh weight (19.73 g m-2, 116.35 g m-2 and 252.56 g m-2) and weeds dry weight (6.83 g m-2, 38.69 g m-2 and 80.61 g m-2) at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. The operation of chisel plough + rotavator has produced tallest plants (221.22 cm) with maximum grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3586 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (78.14%). Among weed control methods, hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing revealed maximum plant height (226.41 cm), grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3604 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (79.11%). All weed control methods have showed significant reduction in weeds m-2, weeds fresh weight and weeds dry weight. Interaction was also found significant for weeds m-2 at 60 DAS and grain yield of maize. Lowest weeds (56 weeds m-2) at 60 DAS and highest grain yield (4569 kg ha-1) was recorded when seedbed was prepared with chisel plough + rotavator with 3 hoeings (hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing). It is concluded that treatment of chisel plough + rotavator and hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing has significantly produced maximum grain yield of maize crop.

scholarly journals Impact of paddy straw mulch on germination and growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.) seedlings and associated weeds in nursery

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
A. S. Brar ◽  
P. K. Sraw ◽  
B. S. Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Germination And Growth

A study was undertaken during three consecutive rabi seasons of 2014–15 to 2016–17 at the Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) to determine the effect of paddy straw mulch load and retention time on the germination and growth of celery and associated weeds. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with nine treatments viz., paddy straw mulch @ 4 and 6 t ha-1 with retention time of 15, 20, 25 days after sowing (DAS), full time retention (60 DAS), and control (without mulch). The results indicated that application of paddy straw mulch @ 4 or 6 t ha-1 significantly improved the germination of celery in nursery as compared to no mulch treatment but retention of paddy straw mulch beyond 20 days after sowing suppressed the celery seedlings adversely resulting in lowering seedling population as well as fresh and dry weight of celery seedlings. Application of paddy straw mulch @ 4 or 6 t ha-1 resulted in significantly lower density and dry weight of weeds as compared to control. Further, each successive increase in retention time of paddy straw mulch from 15 DAS to full time retention (60 DAS) through 20 and 25 DAS significantly reduced the weed population in celery nursery.

scholarly journals Standardization of spacing and weed management practices in SRI system of rice cultivation under organic conditions in relation to sustainable agriculture in the changing scenario of climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Rameshwar K. ◽  
J.P. Saini ◽  
Sanjay Chadha ◽  
Punam K. ◽  
R.G. Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Paddy Yield

A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2009 & 2010 at Model Organic Farm of Department of Organic agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalya Palampur in factorial randomized block design with three replications consisting of eight treatment combinations. The treatments included two methods of weeding (mechanical weeding with cono weeder & hand weeding) and 4 spacings (25x25, 30x30, 20x20 and 30x20 cm). Rice variety RP-2421 was transplanted in second week of July during both the years following all organic packages of practices. The weeding was done at 20 & 40 days after transplanting rice. The dominant species of weeds were Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis and Panicum  dichotomiflorum among grasses; Cyperus iria and Cyperus difforimis among sedges and Aeschynomera indica, Ammania spp and Commelina benghalensis among broadleaved weeds.The experimental results revealed that 2 mechanical weedings with cono-weeder at 20 & 40 DAT resulted in significantly higher values of yield attributes viz. effective tillers/m2 & panicle length and hence higher paddy yield and lower weed dry weight over hand weeding twice (20 & 40 DAT). However, grains/ panicle and 1000 grain weight did not vary significantly during both the years. Among spacings 30x30 cm being at par with 25x25 cm & 30x20 cm recorded significantly higher paddy yield and lower weed dry weight over 20x20 cm during both the years. The interactions between method of weedings& spacing were observed to be non-significant during both the years of study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different weed management practices in dry direct seeded spring rice at Baniyani, Jhapa, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-542
Author(s):  
Rakshya Poudel ◽  
Santosh Marahatta ◽  
Santosh Kandel ◽  
Purnima Puri
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Agriculture Modernization

A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2020 to evaluate the different weed management practices in dry directed seeded spring rice under Prime Minister Agriculture Modernization Project (PMAMP) super zone at Baniyani, Jhapa. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven weed management related treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of pre-emergence application of Pretilachlor, pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin, pre-emergence application of Pretilachlor fb post-emergence butachlor pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin fb post-emergence Bispyribac Na, Sesbania co-culture along with pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin along with two control treatments (weedy free and weedy check). The rice variety Hardinath-1 was used in the experiment. Data regarding the weed flora, weed density, weed dry weight, growth, yield attributes and yield were recorded and analyzed. The highest number of effective tillers per m2 (371.51) and number of grains per panicle (145.43) were obtained in Pendimethalin treated plot and were statistically as par with Sesbania co-culture + Pendimethalin (363.44 m-2 and 140.54 respectively). Higher and statistically similar grain yield was observed in Sesbania co- culture + Pendimethalin (4870kg ha-1) and Pendimethalin treated plots (4780 kg ha-1). The experiment concluded that there was reduction in yield by 66.78 percent due to presence of weed as compared to weed free. Pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin was most beneficial in terms of gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio compared to other weed management practices and hence was most economical.

Effect of weed management practices on Sugarcane ratoon

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahima Begum ◽  
Bijnan Chandra Bordoloi
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil

A field experiment was conducted during the three consecutive seasons from 2006-08 on clay loam soil of Sugarcane Research Station, Buralikson, Assam to study the effect of different herbicides along with other cultural practices of weed management of sugarcane. The experimental field was laid out in randomized block design with three replication with the following ten treatments viz. T<sub>1</sub>: control, T<sub>2</sub>: 3 hoeings (1<sup>st</sup> , 4<sup>th</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> week), T<sub>3</sub>: Atrazine@ 2kg a.i/ha + 2,4-D @ 1kg a.i/ ha at 45 days after ratoon initiation, T<sub>4</sub>: atrazine @ 2 kg a.i/ha + 1 hoeing at 45 days after ratoon initiation, T<sub>5</sub>: metribuzine @1 kg a.i/ha + 2,4-D @1 kg a.i/ha at 45 days after ratoon initiation, T<sub>6</sub>: metribuzine @1 kg a.i/ha + 1 hoeing at 45 days after ratoon initiation , T<sub>7</sub>: glycel-41@ 0.4 kg a.i/ha at 3<sup>rd</sup> week stage, T<sub>8</sub>: glycel-41@ 0.4 kg a.i/ha at 3<sup>rd</sup> week + 1 hoeing at 60 days after ratoon initiation, T<sub>9</sub>: trash mulching in alternate rows + hoeing during 1<sup>st</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> week, T<sub>10</sub>: trash mulching in all rows. Result revealed that all the weed management practices had a significant effect on growth and yield of sugarcane over control. Out of all treatments, pre-emergence spraying of metribuzine @1 kg a.i/ha followed by spraying of 2, 4-D @1 kg a.i/ha at 45 days after ratoon initiation recorded lesser number of weeds and weed dry weight with higher weed control efficiency (80.38%). The same treatment also recorded the higher cane yield (79.6 t/ha) which is followed by pre-emergence spraying of metribuzine @ 1 kg a.i/ha with 1 hoeing at 45 days after ratoon initiation.

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