Sustainable diversification of maize (Zea mays L.) -legumes cropping systems for productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency in West Garo Hills of Meghalaya, India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokidul Islam ◽  
L. K. Nath ◽  
T. Samajdar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm of ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tura during kharif, pre-rabi and rabi season of 2011-12 to 2013-14 to determine the suitable production potential, profitability, resource use efficiency and sustainability of diversified maize-legumes cropping system. The five cropping sequences viz., CS1: Maize + Blackgram (1:2) – green gram + maize (2:1) – tomato, CS2: maize + green gram(1:2) – green gram + maize (2:1) – tomato, CS3: maize + groundnut(1:2) – green gram + maize (2:1) – tomato, CS4: maize + Ssybean(1:2) – tomato and CS5: maize sole – green gram – tomato were replicated four times using a randomized block design on sandy loam soil with low to medium fertility level and slightly acidic in reaction. The cropping system “Maize + Green gram(1:2) – green gram + maize (1:1) – tomato” was found to be most remunerative and sustainable with system productivity (175.49 q/ha), net return (Rs.3,38,725/ha), profitability (Rs. 928.01 /ha/day), benefit cost ratio (4.40), sustainable yield index (1.00), production efficiency (Rs.58.30/ha/day), relative economic efficiency (162.72%), except land use efficiency(LUE) which was the highest (85.75%) in “maize + groundnut(1:2) – green gram + maize (1:1) – tomato” cropping system. The lowest system productivity, net returns, profitability, production efficiency, land use efficiency etc was found in maize+ soybean (1:2)- tomato followed by maize-greengram-tomato cropping system. Hence, the cropping sequence maize + green gram(1:2) – green gram + maize (1:1) – tomato and maize + groundnut(1:2) – green gram + maize (1:1) – tomato were found to be the productive, profitable, remunerative, resource use efficient and sustainable in the mid hills sub-tropical regions of India.

Resource-use maximisation through legume intercropping with maize in the eastern Himalayan region of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Choudhary ◽  
Anil Dixit ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Eastern Himalayan Region ◽  
Equivalent Yield

Intercropping provides opportunity to harness available resources. Thus, maize intercropped with soybean or peanut (groundnut) was tested with 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 5 row proportions along with sole plantings of each crop to measure resource capture and resource-use efficiency. Results revealed that sole peanut had 60% higher maize-equivalent yield and 55% better production efficiency, followed by the 1 : 5 row proportion of maize–peanut, over sole maize. Intercropping increased land-use efficiency by 17–53% and land-equivalent coefficient by 0.21–0.56. The relative crowding coefficient was 39% higher with 1 : 2 maize–soybean, whereas the monetary advantage index was the highest (US$107) with the 1 : 5 maize–peanut. Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) uptakes by maize were 42.9% and 38.2%, respectively, higher with 1 : 5 maize–soybean, whereas phosphorus (P) uptake was 64% higher with 1 : 5 maize–peanut. However, the least amounts of N, P and K were mined overall with 1 : 5 of maize–soybean. Soil moisture content was improved by 24% and solar radiation interception by 37.8% with soybean alone over maize alone, and these parameters increased with higher row proportions of soybean. The energy parameters also improved with the 1 : 5 row proportions of maize–soybean or peanut intercropping. This study provides a basis for efficient resource use by maize–soybean (or peanut) intercropping system.

scholarly journals Transforming Triple Cropping System to Four Crops Pattern: An Approach of Enhancing System Productivity through Intensifying Land Use System in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Aminul Islam ◽  
Md. Jahedul Islam ◽  
M. Akkas Ali ◽  
A. S. M. Mahbubur Rahman Khan ◽  
Md. Faruque Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Crops Yield ◽  
Equivalent Yield

Changing three crops pattern to four crops can play a potential role for achieving countries food security. With this view to increase crop productivity, production efficiency, land use efficiency, and economic return through intensifying cropping intensity as well as crop diversity by transforming three crops pattern to four crops, the experiment was conducted in High Ganges River Floodplain Soils under the Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ) 11 at Pali, Durgapur, under the Multilocation Testing Site, Puthia, Rajshahi, for two consecutive years 2014-15 and 2015-16. Four crops pattern mustard-onion/maize-T. Aman rice was tested at on-farm condition over the existing three crops pattern mustard-onion-T. Aman rice. Maize was introduced here as a relay crop with onion to fit it in the four crops pattern. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with six dispersed replications. Two-year crop cycles were completed, and data regarding component crops yield were considered for assessing the performance of the two cropping patterns for making a sense of comparing productivity. Although there was no significant difference in component crops yield between four crops and three crops pattern, as an additional crop, maize tremendously increased the system productivity and economic return of the four crops pattern. Higher rice equivalent yield 28.96 t·ha−1 in 2013-14 and 30.95 t·ha−1 in 2014-15 was recorded from the four crops pattern with a mean rice equivalent yield (REY) 29.95 t·ha−1 over the existing pattern with a mean value 21.76 t·ha−1. However, four crops pattern resulted in higher cultivation cost due to growing maize as an additional crop; nevertheless, it gave the higher gross return, marginal return, marginal benefit cost ratio, and production efficiency. The four crops pattern resulted averagely 37.63% higher production (REY) compared to the existing three crops pattern. Production as well as land use efficiency were increased by 9.33% and 19.18%, respectively, from the intensified alternate pattern.

Effect of liming, planting time and tillage on system productivity, resource use efficiency and energy dynamics of rice (Oryza sativa) - lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus) cropping system under rainfed lowland condition of North East India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakhen Sorokhaibam ◽  
N. Anando Singh ◽  
L. Nabachandra
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Energy Dynamics ◽  
Use Efficiency

A field experiment was conducted at Imphal, Manipur during 2010-12 to study the effect of liming, planting time and tillage on system productivity, resource use efficiency and energy dynamics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) - lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus L.) cropping system. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 3 replications. The treatment consisted of two factors i.e. liming (liming and no liming) and planting time (early and normal) given to rice crop during kharif season in the main plots and two tillage practices (no tillage and conventional tillage) were given in the succeeding lathyrus crop during the rabi season in the sub plots. Results showed that application of lime @ 500 kg CaCO3/ha before planting rice improved system productivity marginally in terms of rice-equivalent yield (REY of 6.32 t/ha) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the system (20.51 kg/ha-mm), however, it failed to increase benefit: cost (B: C) ratio. Advancing planting time of rice 15 days ahead of normal planting enhanced growth and yield of succeeding lathyrus crop resulting in increase of REY, land use efficiency (LUE), production efficiency (PE), and partial factor productivity (PFP) of the system by 19.3, 1.7, 17.0 and 17.0 %, respectively and moreover, it recorded higher system B:C ratio (1.20). No tillage enhanced PFP, NUE, WUE and B: C ratio of the system, while conventional tillage increased energy consumption by 9.45 %.

scholarly journals Identification of Biological Efficient and Profitable Cropping Systems in Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Rentapalli Balaji ◽  
Karam Husain ◽  
Uma Shankar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Sequence ◽  
Potato Onion

A field experiment was executed with ten crop sequences during 2016-17 at C.S.Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. All these sequences were evaluated for their system productivity, production efficiency, land use efficiency and economic analysis. Highest system productivity 320.43 q REY /ha was obtained through maize + black gram – potato – onion crop sequence followed by maize – garlic – green gram (291.1 q REY /ha). Highest land use efficiency (90.1%) measured through Scented rice – wheat –okra crop sequence while maximum production efficiency 121.83 kg/ha/ day was achieved by maize + black gram – potato – onion crop sequence. The highest net return of Rs.282799.0 /ha, crop profitability of Rs. 1075.28 /ha / day and system profitability of Rs. 774.79 /ha/day was obtained through maize + black gram – potato – onion followed by maize – garlic – green gram (G+R) crop sequence, while highest return per rupee investment (1:3.24) was computed on hybrid rice- wheat cropping system followed by maize – mustard- onion crop sequence (1: 3.21). Electrochemical properties were also evaluated in each cropping sequence. On the basis of different biological indices and economical analysis maize + black gram – potato – onion crop sequence observed as biological efficient followed by maize – garlic – green gram (G+R) crop sequence over all other cropping systems.

scholarly journals On-farm Evaluation and System Productivity of Wheat-Jute-T. aman Rice Cropping Pattern in Char Area of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p39
Author(s):  
Uttam Kumer Sarker ◽  
Sirajam Monira ◽  
Md. Romij Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Benefit Cost

A study was conducted for two consecutive years to determine the yield and system productivity of two cropping patterns viz. IP: (Wheat - Jute - T. aman) improved pattern with improved management practices and FP: (Fallow - Fallow - T. aman) farmers’ pattern with farmers’ management practices in char (adjacent to the river) area of Netrakona region of Bangladesh. The experimentswere laid out in a randomized complete block design with 10 dispersed replications at a farmer’s field. The two years mean data showed that the total component crops of IP (wheat-jute-T. aman rice) gave higher yield as well as a by-product in both years. The higherrice equivalent yield (10.52 and 10.63 tha-1), production efficiency (30.13 and 30.43 kg ha-1 day-1) land-use efficiency (87.13 and 87.84%)and benefit cost ratio (2.15 and 2.11) pointed out the dominance of the improvedpattern over the farmer’s existing pattern. Higher rice equivalentyield signified that improved cropping pattern (Wheat - Jute -T. aman) could be appropriate in Netrakona region for rising crop productivity andcropping intensity.The higher production efficiency, land use efficiency and benefit cost ratio indicated the superiority of the improved pattern over the farmers’ practices.It can be concluded that farmers of the char area of the Netrakona region might follow wheat (var. BARI Gom-26) - jute (var. O-9897) - T. aman (var. BRRI dhan49) cropping system in char land for higher productivity and profitability.

scholarly journals System Productivity and Resource Use Efficiency of Alternative Cropping Systems for Sugarcane in Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
S. N. O. Sadashivanagowda ◽  
◽  
S. C. Alagundagi ◽  
B. T. Nadagouda ◽  
B. I. Bidari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Total System ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Use Efficiency

The field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Hukkeri, Belagavi, Karnataka, India during 2018–19 and 2019–20 to study the system productivity and resource use efficiency of alternative cropping systems for sugarcane. There were 11 treatments involving different cropping systems viz., soybean–sorghum–ridge gourd, pigeon pea±green gram (1:1)–beans, pigeon pea±soybean (1:1)–cowpea, soybean–wheat–groundnut, groundnut–sorghum–sesame, maize–cabbage–fallow, soybean–wheat–green gram, maize–wheat–sesame, Bt cotton–groundnut, sugarcane±onion (1:2) and sugarcane (sole) replicated thrice and laid out in randomized complete block design. Among the cropping systems, maize-cabbage-fallow system recorded significantly higher total system productivity (58,234 kg ha-1), water use efficiency (199.67 kg ha-1-mm) and energy use efficiency (129.91 MJ ha-1) compared to rest of the cropping systems. However, sugarcane (sole) recorded (1,11,008 kg ha-1, 68.64 kg ha-1-mm and 16.58 MJ ha-1, respectively). Based on alternative cropping systems involving only field crops, maize-wheat-sesame (9633 kg ha-1, 30.65 kg ha-1-mm and 132.20 MJ ha-1, respectively), soybean-wheat-groundnut (7602 kg ha-1, 27.40 kg ha-1-mm and 32.35 MJ ha-1,, respectively), soybean-wheat-green gram (6424 kg ha-1, 23.05 kg ha-1-mm and 31.91 MJ ha-1, respectively) and Bt cotton-groundnut (4503 kg ha-1, 17.97 kg ha-1-mm and 16.95 MJ ha-1, respectively) were significantly higher. By adopting the alternative cropping systems, there was water saving of approximately 45% compared to sugarcane monocropping and sugarcane±onion (1:2) intercropping.

Resource use efficiency in a cotton-wheat double-cropping system in the Yellow River Valley of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-439
Author(s):  
Guoping Wang ◽  
Yabing Li ◽  
Yingchun Han ◽  
Zhanbiao Wang ◽  
Beifang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
River Valley ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Yellow River Valley ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractThe cotton-wheat double-cropping system is widely used in the Yellow River Valley of China, but whether and how different planting patterns within cotton-wheat double-cropping systems impact heat and light use efficiency have not been well documented. A field experiment investigated the effects of the cropping system on crop productivity and the capture and use efficiency of heat and light in two fields differing in soil fertility. Three planting patterns, namely cotton intercropped with wheat (CIW), cotton directly seeded after wheat (CDW), and cotton transplanted after wheat (CTW), as well as one cotton monoculture (CM) system were used. Cotton-wheat double cropping significantly increased crop productivity and land equivalent ratios relative to the CM system in both fields. As a result of increased growing degree days (GDD), intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), and photothermal product (PTP), the capture of light and heat in the double-cropping systems was compared with that in the CM system in both fields. With improved resource capture, the double-cropping systems exhibited a higher light and heat use efficiency according to thermal product efficiency, solar energy use efficiency (Eu), radiation use efficiency (RUE), and PTP use efficiency (PTPU). The cotton lint yield and biomass were not significantly correlated with RUE across cropping patterns, indicating that RUE does not limit cotton production. Among the double-cropping treatments, CDW had the lowest GDD, IPAR, and PTP values but the highest heat and light resource use efficiency and highest overall resource use efficiency. This good performance was even more obvious in the high-fertility field. Therefore, we encourage the expanded use of CDW in the Yellow River Valley, especially in fields with high fertility, given the high productivity and resource use efficiency of this system. Moreover, the use of agronomic practices involving a reasonably close planting density, optimized irrigation and nutrient supply, and the application of new short-season varieties of cotton or wheat can potentially enhance CDW crop yields and productivity.

Crop diversification of predominant Pearl millet based cropping system for higher productivity, resource-use efficiency and profitability in Semi-Arid Rajasthan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sammauria ◽  
O.P. Meena ◽  
M.R. Yadav ◽  
A.K. Gupta ◽  
H.L. Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid

Continuous adoption of Pearl millet-Wheat cropping system led to reduction in productivity which put a serious threat to its sustainability in semi-arid eastern plain zone of Rajasthan, India. Crop diversification with wider choice with a variety of crops is being promoted as an alternative to profit maximization with enhanced soil fertility status. Therefore, a long term experiment was initiated to evaluate the production potential, sustainability, resource-use efficiency and economics of nine Pearl millet based cropping systems. Result revealed that system productivity in terms of pearl millet equivalent yield (PMEY) was highest (30488 kg ha-1) with groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion crop rotation. Moreover, groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion recorded the highest SYI and land use efficiency (0.65 and 73.97%) followed by pearl millet-wheat-cluster bean-barley sequence (0.63 and 65.75%). The groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion also generated highest number of man days/ha/year (405). The highest values of organic carbon were found under green gram-mustard-pearl millet-lentil and cluster bean-pea-pearl millet-lentil. The maximum value of available P was recorded with cluster bean-mustard-green gram-garden cress followed by the groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion sequence. Available K decreased significantly from their initial values in all the cropping systems except groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion crop rotation. Among the various systems, groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion realized the highest net returns ( 213000 ha-1), followed by pearl millet-wheat-cluster bean-barley ( 163254 ha-1). Overall, it can be concluded that under the semi-arid agro climatic conditions of Rajasthan, groundnut-wheat-cluster bean-onion, followed by pearl millet-wheat-cluster bean-barley, were more productive, sustainable, resource use efficient and remunerative than other cropping systems.

Banana and Bean Intercropping: Factors Affecting Bean Yield and Land Use Efficiency

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Wortmann ◽  
T. Sengooba ◽  
S. Kyamanywa
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Bean Yield

SummaryBeans and bananas were grown in sole crop and intercrop systems for three seasons in 1989 and 1990 to determine the effects of cropping system on diseases, insects and land-use efficiency and the roles of certain bean plant physiological traits on bean yield in the two systems.Bean yield in the intercrop system was 52% of bean sole crop yield. Shading reduced yield, but stem starch levels, chlorophyll content and the chlorophyll a:b ratio were not related to seed yield in either system. Leaf area index was linearly related to yield in the intercrop system, suggesting that a higher plant density may result in higher yields. Nutrient concentration levels in the foliar tissues indicated that low potassium and high manganese availability constrained intercrop bean yield. Leaf manganese levels were higher in beans grown under bananas, reaching levels normally considered toxic for beans. Competition for other nutrients did not appear to affect bean yield. Apparently, interspecies competition for soil moisture did not much reduce bean yields as moisture levels did not differ with cropping system. Disease and insect pest levels were similar for the two bean production systems.Banana yields were associated with potassium levels in the soil. Bananas appeared to be more competitive than beans in the intercrop system. The land equivalent ratio of the banana and bean intercropping system over the three seasons was 1.60.

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