Assessment of genetic diversity in advanced breeding lines derived from intraspecific crosses of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhallan Singh Sekhon ◽  
Akhilesh Sharma ◽  
Viveka Katoch . ◽  
Rakesh K. Kapila ◽  
V. K. Sood
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Internodal Length ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Pedigree Selection ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Intraspecific Hybrid

An intraspecific hybrid breeding program involving six crosses, Palam Sumool (PS) × Palam Priya, PS × Pb-89, PS × Azad P-1, PS × Palam Triloki and VRPMR10 × Sugar Giant, Green Pearl × DPP-9411 was initiated in 2006 onwards followed by pedigree selection, resulted in isolation of 45 genotypes with desirable attributes. These progenies along with five recommended varieties were evaluated during 2014-15 to assess degree of divergence. A considerable genetic diversity was observed among genotypes, dispersed in 18 diverse clusters. Of these, 17 were monogenotypic while cluster I had maximum genotypes. Internodal length contributed maximum towards total genetic divergence followed by nodes per plant, protein content and average pod weight. Superior performing genotypes viz., ‘DPP-2011-SP-7’, ‘DPP-2011-SP-17’, and ‘DPP-2011-SP-24’ from cluster I and ‘DPP-2011-SP-6’, ‘DPP-2011-SP-22’ ‘DPPMR-09-1’, ‘DPPMR-09-2’, ‘DPP-2011-SN-5’ and ‘Palam Triloki’ from monogenotypic clusters offer promise for their direct use as varieties and as potential parents in future breeding programmes.

Genetic diversity in sorghum mini-core and elite rainy and post-rainy genotypes of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Kuyyamudi Nanaiah Ganapathy ◽  
Sujay Rakshit ◽  
Sunil Shriram Gomashe ◽  
Suri Audilakshmi ◽  
Krishna Hariprasanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Germplasm Accessions ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

Knowledge on genetic diversity is necessary to determine the relationships among the genotypes, which allow the selection of individual accessions for crop breeding programmes. The present study aimed at assessing the extent and pattern of genetic diversity within a set of 251 sorghum genotypes using SSR markers. A total of 393 alleles were detected from the 251 genotypes, with the number of alleles ranging from 2 (Xcup11) to 24 (Sb5-206) and an average of 10.07 alleles per primer pair. Pairwise Wright's FST statistic and Nei's genetic distance estimates revealed that the race and geographical origin were responsible for the pattern of diversity and structure in the genetic materials. In addition, the analysis also revealed high genetic differentiation between the rainy and post-rainy sorghum groups. Narrow diversity was observed among the different working groups in the rainy (restorers and varieties) and post-rainy (varieties and advanced breeding lines) sorghum groups. Neighbour-joining and STRUCTURE analysis also classified 44 elite lines broadly into two distinct groups (rainy and post-rainy). However, limited diversity within the rainy and post-rainy sorghum groups warranted an urgent need for the utilization of diverse germplasm accessions for broadening the genetic base of the Indian breeding programme. The diverse germplasm accessions identified from the mini-core accessions for utilization in breeding programmes are discussed.

Genetic diversity and variability for protein and micro nutrients in advance breeding lines and chickpea varieties grown in Andhra Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jayalakshmi ◽  
A. Trivikrama Reddy ◽  
K. V. Nagamadhuri
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

An investigation was taken up to study the nutritional value, extent of genetic variability and genetic diversity in advance breeding lines and chickpea varieties grown in Andhra Pradesh, India. Protein and micronutrient content (iron, zinc, copper and manganese) varied significantly among 54 genotypes. Protein content ranged from 9.5% to 24.9% while micro nutrients varied from 2.6 mg/100 g to 14.6 mg/100 g for iron, 3.5 mg/100 g to 7.7 mg/100 g for zinc, 0.5 mg/100 g to 3.2 mg/100 g for copper and 1.6 mg/100 g to 3.4 mg/100 g for manganese. Moderate to high genotypic variability for protein and micro nutrient content with high heritability and genetic advance indicated the scope for enhancement of traits through selection. Genetic diversity studies revealed five different clusters and that high protein lines are grouped in cluster I and lines with higher concentration of micro nutrients are grouped in clusters IV and V. Systematic hybridization between promising lines for protein and micronutrients chosen from these clusters is suggested to study their combining ability and subsequent use in breeding programmes intended to breed for superior chickpea cultivars.

Genetic diversity and structure of improved indica rice germplasm

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Fulin Qiu ◽  
Madonna Angelita Dela Paz ◽  
Jieyun Zhuang ◽  
Fangming Xie
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Breeding Programmes

The characterization of genetic diversity and structure for improved cultivated varieties/elite lines is tremendously important to assist breeders in parental selection for inbred and hybrid breeding and heterotic group construction. In this study, a total of 737 improved indica varieties/lines developed recently and/or widely used by present indica breeding programmes worldwide were genotyped with a 384-single-nucleotide polymorphism assay. Model-based population structure analysis revealed the presence of two major groups with six subgroups (SGs), wherein no clear correlation was found between the groups/SGs and breeding programmes or geographical origin of the accessions. Over half of the accessions (51.8%) appeared to have less than 0.6 memberships assigned to any one of the six model-based groups, highlighting the wide range of gene flow within improved indica varieties/lines and the genetic integration of valuable alleles shared by ancestries among improved high-yielding varieties/lines through germplasm exchanges. Distance-based clustering revealed that Latin-American cultivated indica lines have tended to form their own ecological cline, which could serve as a potential heterotic ecotype for hybrid rice breeding, although they are still closely related to Asian indica lines. African cultivated indica lines, on the other hand, have not yet formed their own ecological cline. It was also observed that the most well-known hybrid rice parents, Zhenshan97B and Minghui63, were unexpectedly clustered in the same SG with a relatively narrow genetic distance, which suggests that a significant genetic distance between parents is not a prerequisite for all elite hybrid rice lines with high heterosis.

scholarly journals Breeding for Improvement of High Temperature Tolerance in Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) for off Season Cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Susmita C ◽  
Aghora T S ◽  
Mohan N ◽  
Bhatt R M
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Pod Quality ◽  
Transgressive Segregants

The present investigation is aimed towards breeding varieties of garden pea for early summer cultivation (March-May) that can tolerate temperatures up to 35 0C. High temperature tolerant accessions KTP-4, Arka Sampoorna, Oregon Sugar, Magadi local were crossed with Arka Ajit, Arka Pramodh, Arka Priya having superior pod quality, yield and followed by pedigree method of breeding, superior transgressive segregants from these crosses were advanced up to F 7 generation. In F 7, six selected advanced breeding lines were assessed for their performance in the field with checks during early summer for four years in succession. Results revealed significant differences between selected lines and checks wherein all the lines surpassed checks with yield ranging from 5.9-7.6 t/ ha and in checks it was only 2.6-3.1 t/ha. Among these six breeding lines, three lines were selected based on high yield (6.7-7.6 t/ha), pod quality characters and identified to be highly suitable for early summer cultivation.

Assessment of genetic diversity and relatedness in the Latvian potato genetic resources collection by DArT genotyping

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Rungis ◽  
A. Voronova ◽  
A. Kokina ◽  
I. Veinberga ◽  
I. Skrabule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Array Technology ◽  
Resource Collection ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Potato Breeding Programme

Potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) has been cultivated in Latvia since the 17th century, and formal breeding programmes have been established since the start of the 20th century. The Latvian potato genetic resource collection consists of 83 accessions of Latvian origin, including landraces, old cultivars released starting from the 1930's, modern cultivars and breeding material. These are maintained in field andin vitrocollections. Pedigree information about the potato cultivars is often limited, and the use of hybrids of local cultivars as parents is common in the Latvian potato breeding programme. Ninety-four Latvian potato varieties and breeding lines and some commonly used foreign accessions were genotyped with the potato DNA diversity array technology. Analysis of the Latvian potato genetic resources collection revealed that the amount of genetic diversity has increased in the modern cultivars in comparison with the old cultivars.

PROFILING OF GUAVA GENOTYPES GROWN IN VIDARBHA CONDITIONS ON THE BASIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. PATIL ◽  
S.G. BHARAD ◽  
S.N. SAWANT
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Intrapopulation Diversity

Assessment of genetic diversity in the available germplasm is the prerequisite for development of improved genotypes through planned breeding programmes. In the view of this Forty-eight genotypes of seedling origin guava along with 1 check (L-49/Sardar) collected and conserved at germplasm block, Main Garden, Department of Horticulture, Dr. P. D. A. University, Akola were evaluated for genetic variability and diversity based on the qualitative characteristics. The genotypes were evaluated for sixteen morphological traitsviz. tree, leaf, floral and fruit traits. Results Show considerable extent of variability amongst the 49 genotypes in each traits. A sizeable amount of intrapopulation diversity recorded can be used to identify diverse parents which can be utilized in hybridization programmes.

Genetic diversity of native cultivated cacao accessions (Theobroma cacao L.) in Nicaragua

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-257
Author(s):  
Erwin Aragon ◽  
Claudia Rivera ◽  
Helena Korpelainen ◽  
Aldo Rojas ◽  
Paula Elomaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Black Pod Disease ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

A total of 60 farmers' cacao accessions (Theobroma cacao L.) from Nicaragua were investigated using microsatellite markers to reveal their genetic composition and to identify potentially resistant genotypes against the black pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora. These accessions were compared with 21 breeders' accessions maintained locally, two Criollo accessions from Costa Rica and two accessions from Ecuador. The analyses showed a low level of differentiation among groups of farmers' accessions (FST = 0.06) and that six Nicaraguan accessions were genetically closely related to the two Criollo accessions used as a reference. In addition, seven distinct genotypes were found to have allelic composition that may indicate linkage to resistance alleles, thus being potential parental lines in future breeding programmes.

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