Prevalence of bacteriocinogenic Rhizobium spp. in mungbean (Vigna radiata)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P K Maan ◽  
S Garcha ◽  
G S Walia
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Indicator Strain ◽  
Bacteriocin Production ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Nitrogen Fixer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rhizobium Spp ◽  
Dual Inoculation

The present work was undertaken to ascertain prevalence of bacteriocinogenic Rhizobium spp. in mungbean (Vigna radiata). Samples of rhizospheric soil and nodules were plated onto CRYEMA medium, selective for Rhizobium spp. From among the isolates obtained only four, designated as-N8, S1, S6, and S13 demonstrated bacteriocin production. Upto 104 AU/ml (Arbitrary Units/ml) of partially purified bacteriocin (PPB) was detected from N8 and S6. PPB obtained from N8 and S13 exhibited antagonism against indicator strain over a wide range of pH. All isolates of PPB were thermo-stable after heating to 90ºC for 5 minutes. N8 exhibited 14.2mm zone of inhibition after heating to 50ºC for 10 min. It decreased by 29.5% to 10mm (80ºC/ 10min). S6 exhibited zone of inhibition of 11mm (50ºC/10min) which decreased by 18.1% to 9mm (80ºC/10min). Dual inoculation of nitrogen fixing Rhizobium with bacteriocin producing Rhizobium can ensure greater benefit than using nitrogen fixer alone.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antimycobacterial rhamnolipid production from non-cytotoxic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from rhizospheric soil of medicinal plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok K Mishra ◽  
Rikesh K Dubey ◽  
Shivraj M Yabaji ◽  
Swati Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Rhamnolipid Production ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Activity

Rhamnolipids (RLs) are the bacterial derived biosurfactants and known for a wide range of industrial and therapeutic applications. They exhibit potent anti-bacterial activity against various gram positive, gram negative and acid fast bacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Since, Pseudomonas is one of the largest known genuses containing a variety of rhamnolipid producing strains. Therefore, in this study, we selectively isolated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from the rhizospheric soil of the Indian plants of medicinal value, e.g. Azadirachta Indica and Ficus spp., and evaluated them for their natural ability to produce antibacterial rhamnolipids. The bacteria were identified on the basis of 16s rRNA sequencing and biochemical characterization. Among 33 of P. aeruginosa isolates from different soil samples, four isolates showed potent inhibitory activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and fast grower mycobacterial spp. The inhibitory potential of the isolates was found to be correlated with their ability to produce RLs in the medium. The industrial viability of the strains was assessed on the basis of cytotoxicity determining alternative allele, exoS/exoU and cell mediated cytotoxicity against murine macrophages J774.1. The newly isolated strains harbor exoS allele and exhibits lower cell mediated cytotoxicity on macrophage cell line as compared to the clinical strains PA-BAA-427 and PA-27853 used as a control in this study.Evaluation of antimycobacterial rhamnolipid production from non-cytotoxic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from rhizospheric soil of medicinal plants

Plasmid replicons of Rhizobium

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Crossman
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Rhizobium Etli ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Symbiotic Plasmid ◽  
Rhizobium Spp ◽  
Plasmid Replicons ◽  
Rhizobium Sp

Rhizobium spp. are found in soil. They are both free-living and found symbiotically associated with the nodules of leguminous plants. Traditionally, studies have focused on the association of these organisms with plants in nitrogen-fixing nodules, since this is regarded as the most important role of these bacteria in the environment. Rhizobium sp. are known to possess several replicons. Some, like the Rhizobium etli symbiotic plasmid p42d and the plasmid pNGR234b of Rhizobium NGR234, have been sequenced and characterized. The plasmids from these organisms are the focus of this short review.

Strain improvement of newly isolated Lactobacillus acidophilus MS1 for enhanced bacteriocin production

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahwish Salman ◽  
Shazia Anwer Bukhari ◽  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Tanzila Sahar ◽  
Shazia Naheed
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Ethidium Bromide ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Bacteriocin Production ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Background: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are considered as GRAS (generally recognized as safe) and being used extensively as bio-preservatives. Bacteriocins, the metabolites of LAB, belong to a diverse family of naturally synthesized antimicrobial peptides. Objective: Strain improvement for enhanced bacteriocin production by physical and chemical mutagenesis. Methods: The bacterial strain was identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and improved by ultraviolet and ethidium bromide mutation. The resultant bacteriocin was biochemically characterized, purified and analyzed for mass determination. Results: Among mutants of identified Lactobacillus acidophilus MS1, the UV6 (ultraviolet mutant) revealed 3400 AU bacteriocin activity with 42% survival rate and EB5 (ethidium bromide mutant) exhibited 4020 AU with 28% survival rate. Bacteriocin of 6.5 kDa was purified by cation exchange and gel exclusion chromatography. It was found to be thermally stable at 100°C for 30 min and maintained the stability up to 121°C. The activity was monitored in a wide range of pH (4–9). Conclusion: Being resistant to several biochemical parameters, the bacteriocins have an effective incorporation in food, forage and pharmacy. There is a need to engage more efforts to explore novel bacteriocins and multifarious applications.

Increased metabolic potential of Rhizobium spp. is associated with bacterial competitiveness

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 957-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Wielbo ◽  
Monika Marek-Kozaczuk ◽  
Agnieszka Kubik-Komar ◽  
Anna Skorupska
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nodulation Competitiveness ◽  
Gusa Gene ◽  
Rhizobium Spp ◽  
Metabolic Properties

Of 105 rhizobial isolates obtained from nodules of commonly cultivated legumes, we selected 19 strains on the basis of a high rate of symbiotic plant growth promotion. Individual strains within the species Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii , R. leguminosarum bv. viciae , and Rhizobium etli displayed variation not only in plasmid sizes and numbers but also in the chromosomal 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer. The strains were tagged with gusA gene and their competitiveness was examined in relation to an indigenous population of rhizobia under greenhouse conditions. A group of 9 strains was thus isolated that were competitive in relation to native rhizobia in pot experiments. Nineteen selected competitive and uncompetitive strains were examined with respect to their ability to utilize various carbon and energy sources by means of commercial Biolog GN2 microplate test. The ability of the selected strains to metabolize a wide range of nutrients differed markedly and the competitive strains were able to utilize more carbon and energy sources than uncompetitive ones. A major difference concerned the utilization of amino and organic acids, which were metabolized by most of the competitive and only a few uncompetitive strains, whereas sugars and their derivatives were commonly utilized by both groups of strains. A statistically significant correlation between the ability to metabolize a broad range of substrates and nodulation competitiveness was found, indicating that metabolic properties may be an essential trait in determining the competitiveness of rhizobia.

scholarly journals Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clover).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Natural Fires ◽  
River Floodplains ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Melilotus officinalis is a herbaceous legume species, native to parts of Asia and possibly Europe (sources differ on this), that has been extensively introduced to be used as a forage and nitrogen-fixing crop. It has escaped from cultivation and become an invasive weed in many temperate and tropical regions; it can also be toxic to livestock. It is a prolific seeder, and its seeds can remain viable in the soil for many years. It is fast-growing and can grow in a wide range of environmental conditions. Like other nitrogen-fixing legumes, M. officinalis has the potential to alter soil conditions and nutrient cycling. It is allelopathic and so forms dense monospecific stands that displace and inhibit the establishment of native vegetation. In North America, infestations reduce the occurrence of natural fires and degrade native grassland communities that depend on frequent fires. In Alaska and Canada, this species is a serious problem on waterways because it is invading glacial river floodplains. Currently, it is recognized as a conservation problem in North America because it is invading critical natural areas such as national parks and protected lands.

scholarly journals Insights into the Noncoding RNome of Nitrogen-Fixing Endosymbiotic α-Proteobacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
José I. Jiménez-Zurdo ◽  
Claudio Valverde ◽  
Anke Becker
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Symbiotic chronic infection of legumes by rhizobia involves transition of invading bacteria from a free-living environment in soil to an intracellular state as differentiated nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within the nodules elicited in the host plant. The adaptive flexibility demanded by this complex lifestyle is likely facilitated by the large set of regulatory proteins encoded by rhizobial genomes. However, proteins are not the only relevant players in the regulation of gene expression in bacteria. Large-scale high-throughput analysis of prokaryotic genomes is evidencing the expression of an unexpected plethora of small untranslated transcripts (sRNAs) with housekeeping or regulatory roles. sRNAs mostly act in response to environmental cues as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression through protein-assisted base-pairing interactions with target mRNAs. Riboregulation contributes to fine-tune a wide range of bacterial processes which, in intracellular animal pathogens, largely compromise virulence traits. Here, we summarize the incipient knowledge about the noncoding RNome structure of nitrogen-fixing endosymbiotic bacteria as inferred from genome-wide searches for sRNA genes in the alfalfa partner Sinorhizobium meliloti and further comparative genomics analysis. The biology of relevant S. meliloti RNA chaperones (e.g., Hfq) is also reviewed as a first global indicator of the impact of riboregulation in the establishment of the symbiotic interaction.

Mung Bean Shell (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) - A Novel Cost-Effective Adsorbent for Removing Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Yan Fang Feng ◽  
Yong Hong Wu ◽  
Lin Zhang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Equilibrium Studies ◽  
Isothermal Adsorption ◽  
Wide Range

The aim of this study was to establish an economical and environmentally benign biosorbent for removing synthetic dyes (e.g. methylene blue, MB) from wastewater. The adsorption process of MB onto abandoned mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) shell (MBS) was investigated in a batch system. The results showed that a wide range of pH (3.74 to 9.78) was favorable for the adsorption of MB onto MBS. Equilibrium studies indicated that the Langmuir model displayed the best fit for the isothermal adsorption data. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (165.92 mg g-1) calculated by the Langmuir equation was higher than that of many previously investigated low-cost bioadsorbents (e.g., peanut hull, wheat straw, etc.). The adsorption process best fitted pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process was spontaneously, exothermic and was mainly a physisorption. This study indicates that MBS is a promising, unconventional, affordable and environmentally friendly bio-measure that is easily deployed for removing cationic dyes from wastewater.

scholarly journals Sustainable life support on Mars – the potential roles of cyanobacteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyprien Verseux ◽  
Mickael Baqué ◽  
Kirsi Lehto ◽  
Jean-Pierre P. de Vera ◽  
Lynn J. Rothschild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost

AbstractEven though technological advances could allow humans to reach Mars in the coming decades, launch costs prohibit the establishment of permanent manned outposts for which most consumables would be sent from Earth. This issue can be addressed byin situresource utilization: producing part or all of these consumables on Mars, from local resources. Biological components are needed, among other reasons because various resources could be efficiently produced only by the use of biological systems. But most plants and microorganisms are unable to exploit Martian resources, and sending substrates from Earth to support their metabolism would strongly limit the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of their cultivation. However, resources needed to grow specific cyanobacteria are available on Mars due to their photosynthetic abilities, nitrogen-fixing activities and lithotrophic lifestyles. They could be used directly for various applications, including the production of food, fuel and oxygen, but also indirectly: products from their culture could support the growth of other organisms, opening the way to a wide range of life-support biological processes based on Martian resources. Here we give insights into how and why cyanobacteria could play a role in the development of self-sustainable manned outposts on Mars.

scholarly journals Biological and Physicochemical Parameters Related to the Nitrogen Cycle in the Rhizospheric Soil of Native Potato (Solanum phureja) Crops of Colombia

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nathalia Flórez-Zapata ◽  
Daniel Uribe-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Solanum Phureja ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Physical Chemical

Nitrogen (N) plays an important role in agricultural production. This study was designed to evaluate the presence of cultivable N cycle-associated microorganisms (nitrogen-fixing bacteria—NFB, proteolytic bacteria—PR, ammonifiers—AMO, ammonium-oxidizing bacteria—AOB, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria—NOB, and denitrifiers—DEN), and their relationship with physical-chemical and agronomic soil descriptors, inSolanum phurejarhizospheric soil samples, from traditional and organic crop management farms. A cluster analysis with the physical and chemical properties of soil, allowed to identify the organic matter content as an important factor that determines the outcome of that grouping. Significant differences () between farms were found in the abundance of this groups, but correlation analysis showed that proteolytic and nitrogen fixing bacteria were the main nitrogen associated functional groups affected by soils' physical-chemical characteristics. The amount of ammonia available is affected by the agricultural management strategy, which consequently affects the NFB abundance. Finally the results showed that PR, protease activity and soil properties related with organic matter transformation has a positive relationship with productivity, which given the high organic matter content of the Andean soils being studied, we conclude that nitrogen mineralization process has an important role in the nitrogen cycle and its bioavailability in this ecosystem.

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