Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on biochemistry of groundnut and inturn its effect on development of leaf eating caterpillar, Spodoptera litura fabricius

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shwetha . ◽  
A.G. Sreenivas ◽  
J. Ashoka ◽  
Sushila Nadagoud ◽  
P.H. Kuchnoor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

Climate change in terms of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and temperature may have host mediated effects which could affect the survival, growth and development, and population dynamics of insect herbivores. The present study aimed to examine the growth and development of leaf feeding Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) reared on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown under different climate change treatments under open top chambers (OTC’s) at University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka. Significantly lower leaf nitrogen, higher carbon, C: N ratio, phenols and tannins was observed in the groundnut foliage grown under eCO2 conditions. This alteration in food quality in elevated conditions significantly affected the growth parameters of S. litura in the form of increased food consumption, increased larval weight and more faecal matter production due to extended larval and pupal duration. This resulted in reduced fecundity, particularly in the population raised under eCO2 conditions compared to ambient conditions. Further, the insect larva showed increased approximate digestibility and relative consumption rate under eCO2 condition coupled with reduced efficiency of conversion of ingested food. As a result, the relative growth rate was decreased under eCO2 conditions. In nutshell, it can be concluded that eCO2 concentrations altered the quality of groundnut foliage as it was noticed by the changes in biochemical constituents of the foliage and has the negative effect on the growth and development of S. litura.

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 and temperature effect on growth and physiology of Chenopodium album L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
MANILA BHATIA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Relative Stress ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature ◽  
Effect On Growth

A study was conducted in open top chambers (OTCs) to understand the effect of elevated temperature (ambient+2±0.5oC) and elevated CO2 (550±50 ppm) individually and in combination on Chenopodium album. Impact of the climate variables was studied in terms of selected plant attributes, viz., leaf area, RGR etc. Study showed that elevated temperature as well as elevated CO2 individually and in combination had significant positive effect on growth and development, rate of photosynthesis, and water use efficiency of the Chenopodium album. Rate of transpiration and stomatal conductance increased marginally in plants grown at elevated temperature, but a marked decrease was evident at elevated CO2 individually and in combination with elevated temperature as compared that in plants grown in ambient conditions in the Chenopodium album. No significant changes were observed in relative water content and relative stress injury under any of the Chenopodium album. Treatments changes were evident with respect to the activity of antioxidant enzymes and nitrate reductase and peptide banding pattern using SDS-PAGE. This research was conducted to examine the joint effects of increased temperature and elevated CO2 level onChenopodium album (C3 weed). Results from this experiment suggested that rising (CO2) could alter physiochemical response for growth and development of Chenopodium album and it is well defined competitors with different crops in current changing climate conditions.

Response of microalgae to elevated CO2 and temperature: impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (19) ◽  
pp. 19847-19860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Xiaoguang Xu ◽  
Megumu Fujibayashi ◽  
Qigui Niu ◽  
Nobuyuki Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

scholarly journals Synergistic effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on the metabolic scope and activity in a shallow-water coastal decapod (Metapenaeus joyneri; Crustacea: Penaeidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awantha Dissanayake ◽  
Atsushi Ishimatsu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Metabolic Scope ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

Abstract Dissanayake, A., and Ishimatsu, A. 2011. Synergistic effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on the metabolic scope and activity in a shallow-water coastal decapod (Metapenaeus joyneri; Crustacea: Penaeidae). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1147–1154. The physical drivers of climate change (increased CO2; hypercapnia and temperature) are causing increasing warming of the earth's oceans, elevating oceanic CO2 concentrations, and acidity. Elucidating possible climate change impacts on marine biota is of paramount importance, because generally, invertebrates are more sensitive to hypercapnia than fish. This study addresses impacts of synergistic factors; hypercapnia and temperature on osmoregulation, acid–base balance, and resting and active metabolism (assessed as oxygen consumption rates) and behavioural performance in a model nektonic crustacean. Metapenaeus joyneri exposed to both hypercapnia (1 kPa) at two temperatures (15 and 20°C) demonstrated significant physiological effects, i.e. new regulatory set points (lower haemolymph osmolality and higher pH, i.e. alkalosis) and reduced metabolic scope (MS), compared with control individuals (normocapnia, 0.04 kPa). Behavioural effects included a significant 30% reduction in swimming ability and may be the result of reduced MS (i.e. difference between active and routine metabolism). Synergistic factors may cause organisms to shift energy utilization towards up-regulation of maintenance functions (i.e. osmoregulatory ability) resulting in a decrease in both aerobic scope and energy-demanding activities. Laboratory-derived evidence elucidating the impacts in key model groups is of paramount importance, if we are to improve our knowledge of physiological effects of synergistic climate change factors.

scholarly journals Response of soybean genotypes to iron limiting stress in calcareous vertisol under ambient and elevated CO2 and temperature conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Kiran Karthik Raj ◽  
◽  
R.N. Pandey ◽  
Bhupinder Singh ◽  
M.C. Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Soybean Genotype ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

Aim: To compare the relative performance of two contrasting genotypes of soybean to iron limiting conditions under ambient and elevated CO2 and temperature conditions. Methodology: A pot culture experiment was performed using calcareous vertisol soil. The environmental factors viz. CO2 and temperature were combined and applied as a single factor with two levels: a-[CO2+T] (400±10 µmol mol-1, day/night temperature 30oC/22oC) and e-[CO2+T] (610±10 µmol mol-1, day/night temperature 34oC/26oC). Soybean genotype that differed in iron use efficiency was used as another factor and two contrasting genotypes were used as two levels viz. iron efficient and responsive (FeER) and iron inefficient and responsive (FeIR). Results: The higher partial pressure of CO2 under elevated carbon dioxide and temperature condition (Pco2 = 61.8 Pa) dissolved the native CaCO3 from calcareous vertisol soil and thereby resulted in higher HCO3- ion concentration. The antagonistic interaction between Fe2+ with HCO3- ion resulted in greater iron stress. As compared to ambient condition, seed yield was significantly reduced under more stressed e-[CO2+T] condition and resulted in ~1.4 and ~1.9 times drop in FeER and FeIR genotypes, respectively. Iron efficient and responsive (FeER) genotype recorded an impressive performance, as compared to the iron inefficient and responsive (FeIR) genotype, in counteracting iron deficiency stress, both under ambient and elevated conditions. Interpretation: The intra-specific variability between soybean genotypes and their response to elevated CO2 and temperature can be exploited to remediate the emerging iron deficiency stress in soybean plants and suggest ways to structure the future breeding programmes to adapt to the climate change. Key words: Calcareous vertisol, Chlorosis, Climate change, CO2, Soybean

scholarly journals Assessment of Nutritional and Quality Properties of Leaves and Musts in Three Local Spanish Grapevine Varieties Undergoing Controlled Climate Change Scenarios

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1198
Author(s):  
Nieves Goicoechea ◽  
Leyre Jiménez ◽  
Eduardo Prieto ◽  
Yolanda Gogorcena ◽  
Inmaculada Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Negative Effect

The market demand together with the need for alternatives to withstand climate change led to the recovery of autochthonous grapevine varieties. Under climate change, the summer pruning of vineyards may lead to an increase of vegetative residuals of nutritional and medicinal interest. The objectives of our study were (1) to evaluate the nutritional properties of the leaves of three local Spanish grapevines (Tinto Velasco, TV, Pasera, PAS, and Ambrosina, AMB) when grown under climate change conditions, and (2) to test the potentiality of these grapevines as suitable candidates to be cultivated under climate change scenarios based on the quality of their must. Experimental assays were performed with fruit-bearing cuttings grown in temperature gradient greenhouses that simulate rising CO2 (700 μmoL moL−1) and warming (ambient temperature +4 °C), either acting alone or in combination. TV and AMB were the most and the least affected by air temperature and CO2 concentration, respectively. The interaction of elevated CO2 with high temperature induced the accumulation of proteins and phenolic compounds in leaves of TV, thus enhancing their nutritional properties. In PAS, the negative effect of high temperature on protein contents was compensated for by elevated CO2. Warming was the most threatening scenario for maintaining the must quality in the three varieties, but elevated CO2 exerted a beneficial effect when acting alone and compensated for the negative effects of high temperatures. While TV may be a candidate to be cultivated in not very warm areas (higher altitudes or colder latitudes), PAS behaved as the most stable genotype under different environmental scenarios, making it the most versatile candidate for cultivation in areas affected by climate change.

scholarly journals Climate Change Impacts on Cacao: Genotypic Variation in Responses of Mature Cacao to Elevated CO2 and Water Deficit

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Fiona Lahive ◽  
Liam R. Handley ◽  
Paul Hadley ◽  
Andrew J. Daymond
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Use Efficiency

Climate change poses a significant threat to agricultural production in the tropics, yet relatively little research has been carried out to understand its impact on mature tropical tree crops. This research aims to understand the genotypic variation in growth and photosynthesis in mature cacao trees in response to elevated CO2 and water deficit. Six genotypes were grown under greenhouse conditions at ambient (ca. 437 ppm) and elevated CO2 (ca. 724 ppm) and under well-watered and water deficit conditions for 23 months. Leaf- and canopy-level photosynthesis, water-use efficiency, and vegetative growth increased significantly in response to elevated CO2. Water deficit had a significant negative effect on many photosynthetic parameters and significantly reduced biomass production. The negative effect of water deficit on quantum efficiency was alleviated by elevated CO2. Genotypic variation was observed in several parameters including stomatal conductance, stomatal density and index, quantum efficiency, and biomass production, indicating the potential to develop more climate-change-resilient genotypes that can cope with predicted future climate change conditions. Elevated CO2 reduced some of the negative effects of water deficit through changes in water-use efficiency and light utilisation and reduced the negative impact of water deficit on biomass accumulation, but this was genotype-specific.

scholarly journals Growth and physiological potential of Terminalia arjuna under elevated CO2 levels in Open top chamber condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1121-1126
Author(s):  
Kamla Dhyani ◽  
Hind Bhushan Kuniyal ◽  
Hukum Singh ◽  
Sobha
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Collar Diameter

Terminalia arjuna is native to India and occurs naturally along the banks of streams and rivers. The species is characterized to dry deciduous forests. The present study was carried out for the growth and physiological changes of T. arjuna in different elevated CO2 levels. Open top chambers were used to expose plants to ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations (400 and 800 ppm). The experiment was conducted in the month of March to August in 2019 for six months. The results showed that the growth parameters, i.e. plant height, collar diameter, the number of leaves, were found to be increased in elevated CO2 conditions. The percentage increase in physiological parameters like photosynthetic rate (28.82), mesophyll efficiency (60 % more in elevated CO2 condition), CO2 concentration (55 % more in elevated CO2), vapour pressure deficit (4.83 at 800 ppm) and water use efficiency (5.94 at ppm)  increased. In contrast, transpiration rate (5.38 at 800 ppm and 10.11 ppm at ambient condition) and stomatal conductance (30% less in 800 ppm) decreased under elevated CO2 compared to ambient conditions. The study concluded that changing climatic conditions and significantly elevated CO2 in future may profoundly influence plant growth and the physiological response of T. arjuna.

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